Subject(s)
Egg Shell , Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Animals , Chickens , Membranes , PermeabilityABSTRACT
A 100-microliters urine sample was chromatographed on a column packed with a strongly basic macroreticular anion-exchange resin (Diaion CDR-10,5--7 micrometers with a nominal 35% cross linkage). The elution was performed with a linear acetate gradient from 0 to 6.0 M at an average flow-rate of 0.72 ml/min and at an average pressure of 104 kg/cm2. The relative standard deviation of retention times and peak height was +/- 4% or less. The properties of the macroreticular anion-exchange resin, the effect of the particle size, the pH of acetate buffers, and the effect of the flow-rate of the eluent on the separation were investigated. Thirty three components of urine were then resolved and named.
Subject(s)
Benzoates/urine , Phenylalanine/urine , Purines/urine , Tryptophan/urine , Uronic Acids/urine , Anion Exchange Resins/standards , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methods , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Insulin/metabolism , Absorption , Aerosols , Animals , Biological Availability , Insulin/administration & dosage , Male , Powders , Rabbits , Time Factors , TracheaSubject(s)
Inositol/analysis , Vitamins/analysis , Carbohydrates , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Drug CombinationsSubject(s)
Tretinoin/analysis , Vitamin A/analogs & derivatives , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Drug Stability , Hot Temperature , Photolysis , SolutionsSubject(s)
Vitamin B Complex/blood , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dogs , Female , Male , RabbitsABSTRACT
The percutaneous absorption and retention of salicylic acid and carbinoxamine from four oily vehicles (liquid paraffin, oleic acid, hexadecyl alcohol, and isopropyl myristate) were studied by employing a recirculation apparatus. The absorption followed first-order kinetics, with the exception of the initial period. The vehicle that had a strong affinity to the drug showed a poor drug-releasing effect, and poor absorption and retention of drugs by the skin were observed. Higher absorption rate constants were observed for damaged skin than intact skin. The acceleration of absorption because of skin damage, however, was not so great from liquid paraffin as from the aqueous solution. The amount of drugs retained in the damaged skin declined following the initial increase.
