Contraceptive dynamics among women with disabilities of reproductive age in Ethiopia: systematic review.

BACKGROUND: In low-income countries, women with disabilities have limited access to essential sexual and reproductive health services and are disadvantaged socioeconomically. Even though some studies have been conducted previously, there are scanty findings on contraceptive use and associated factors among women with disabilities. Thus, this systematic review aimed to assess contraceptive use and associated factors among women with disabilities of reproductive age in Ethiopia. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] guidance is used to conduct this systematic review. Data were searched from electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other relevant sources. Studies screening was done using Rayyan software. The findings were narratively synthesized using a socio-ecological framework for health promotion. RESULT: Ten cross-sectional studies and 4436 women with disabilities of reproductive age were included in this review. According to this review, women with disabilities are less likely to use contraceptives, with a prevalence of 21.7% in Gondor City and 44.4% in Addis Ababa. The associated factors were identified and themed at individual, interpersonal, community, and institutional levels. CONCLUSION: Overall, the review findings revealed that women with disabilities continue to encounter challenges ranging from individual level to disability-unfriendly health facility infrastructure or institutional level. Therefore, health professionals and other relevant stakeholders should draw attention to creating awareness towards contraceptive use at individual and interpersonal levels, ensuring accessible contraceptive services and disability-friendly health facilities.

Awareness, Acceptance, and Associated Factors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine among Parents of Daughters in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease among women worldwide. Cervical cancer is the second-most frequent disease worldwide in terms of incidence and mortality, and it is primarily responsible for fatalities in low- to middle-income nations, including Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To assess awareness, acceptance, and associated factors of the human papillomavirus vaccine among parents of daughters in the Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. METHODS: From November to December 2021, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hadiya zone among parents with daughters in the zone. The study respondents were chosen using a two-stage sampling technique from parents with a 9-14-year-old daughter. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. For analysis, the data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25. Variables with a p-value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were transferred to multivariable analysis. A logistic regression model was applied to forecast the association between the predictor and outcome variables. Statistical significance was considered at a 0.05 p-value. RESULTS: The study showed that the overall acceptance of parents to vaccinate their daughters with HPV vaccination was 450 (84.9%). Parents of daughters of male sex (AOR: 0.407; 95%CI: 0.221, 0.748), who had only one daughter (AOR: 2.122; 95%CI: 1.221, 3.685), whose daughter(s) attended a government school (AOR: 0.476; 95%CI: 0.263, 0.861), who had poor knowledge (AOR: 0.532; 95%CI: 0.293, 0.969) and who had a negative attitude (AOR: 0.540; 95%CI: 0.299, 0.977) were discovered to have a strong correlation. CONCLUSION: This study found that there was a high level of parental acceptance; attitudes and knowledge about the HPV vaccine are significant in determining their intentions to vaccinate their daughter. Authorities in high-risk areas for cervical cancer incidence should plan and implement strategies by providing health information regarding human papillomavirus vaccination with an emphasis on raising community awareness.

Health system responsiveness in maternity care at Hadiya zone public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia: Users' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Health system responsiveness refers to non-financial, non-clinical qualities of care that reflect respect for human dignity and interpersonal aspects of the care process. The non-clinical aspects of the health system are therefore essential to the provision of services to patients. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the responsiveness in maternity care, domain performance and factors associated with responsiveness in maternity care in the Hadiya Zone public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed on 413 participants using a systematic sampling technique from 1 July to 1 August 2020. An exit interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. EpiData (version 3.1) and SPSS (version 24) software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were computed to identify the associated factors of health system responsiveness in maternity care at 95% CI. RESULTS: The findings indicated that 53.0% of users gave high ratings for responsiveness in delivery care. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, mothers aged ≥ 35 (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1-0.9), urban resident (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.5-4.8), obstetrics complications during the current pregnancy (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1-3.0), and caesarean delivery (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.7) were factors associated with poor ratings for responsiveness in maternity care. CONCLUSION: In the hospitals under investigation, responsiveness in maternity care was found to be good. The findings of this study suggest that the ministry of health and regional health bureau needs to pay attention to health system responsiveness as an indicator of the quality of maternity care.

Factors associated with preterm birth at Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial hospital, southern Ethiopia: case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is defined as the birth of a baby before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Worldwide, prematurity is the second foremost cause of death in children under the age of 5 years. Preterm birth also gives rise to short and long term complications. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with preterm birth in Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial referral hospital, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from July 01, 2018 to June 30, 2019 among mothers who gave birth in Wachemo University Nigest Eleni Mohammed Memorial referral hospital. A retrospective one-year data was retrieved from medical records of mothers with their index neonates. Simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. SPSS version 20 software was used for data entry and computing statistical analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence intervals was computed to identify the presence and strength of association, and statistical significance was affirmed if p < 0.05. RESULT: The current study evaluated 213 medical records of mothers with index neonates (71 cases and 142 controls). Urban residency [AOR = 0.48; 95% Cl; 0.239, 0.962], antenatal care follow up [AOR = 0.08; 95 Cl; 0.008, 0.694], premature rupture of membranes [AOR = 3.78; 95% Cl; 1.467, 9.749], pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR = 3.77; 95% Cl; 1.408, 10.147] and multiple pregnancies [AOR = 5.53; 95% Cl; 2.467, 12.412] were the factors associated with preterm birth. More than one-third (36.6%) preterm neonates died in the present study. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that urban residency, antenatal care follow up, premature rupture of membranes, pregnancy induced hypertension and multiple pregnancies were factors associated with preterm birth. The mortality among preterm neonates is high. Enhancing antenatal care follow up and early detection and treatment of disorders among pregnant women during antenatal care and undertaking every effort to improve outcomes of preterm birth and reduce neonatal mortality associated with prematurity is decisive.

Prevalence and predictors of primary postpartum hemorrhage: An implication for designing effective intervention at selected hospitals, Southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Primary postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Ethiopia has made significant progress in maternal health care services. Despite this, primary postpartum hemorrhage continues to remain the leading cause of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of primary postpartum hemorrhage among mothers who gave birth at selected hospitals in the Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed from March 2-28, 2018. Four hundred and twenty-two study participants were obtained using the consecutive sampling method. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and chart review were used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of primary postpartum hemorrhage with 95% CI and p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of primary postpartum hemorrhage was 16.6%. Mothers aged 35 and above [AOR = 6.8, 95% CI (3.6, 16.0)], pre-partum anemia [AOR = 5.3, 95% CI (2.2, 12.8)], complications during labor [AOR = 1.8, 95% CI (2.8, 4.2)], history of previous postpartum hemorrhage [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI (1.1, 6.8)] and instrumental delivery [AOR = 5.3, 95% CI (2.2, 12.8)] were significant predictors of primary postpartum hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Primary postpartum hemorrhage is quite common in the study area. Mothers aged 35 and above, complications during labor, history of previous postpartum hemorrhage, and instrumental delivery were predictors of primary postpartum hemorrhage. Since postpartum hemorrhage being relatively common, all obstetrics unit members should be prepared to manage mothers who experience it.

Postpartum modern contraceptive use and associated factors in Hossana town.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum family planning is the initiation and use of family planning services within the first 12 months following childbirth to impede closely spaced and unintended pregnancies. Globally, spacing pregnancies at least 2 years apart can prevent an estimated 10% of infant deaths and 21% of deaths in children 1-4 years of age. The main purpose of this study was to determine postpartum modern contraceptive use and associated factors in Hossana town, Hadiya zone, Southern nation nationalities peoples region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 03 to July 03, 2018, in Hossana town, Hadiya zone. Data was collected by structured questionnaires using face-to-face interview on 368 women. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to approach the study participants. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis. Both bivariate and multiple variable logistic regression analysis were computed. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated and statistical significance was decided if p < 0.05. RESULT: Two hundred seventy one (72.9%) women used postpartum modern contraception. Educational status of mothers [AOR = 0.26; 95% Cl; 0.09-0.744], resumption of sex [AOR = 4.20; 95% Cl; 1.533-11.517], menses resumption [AOR = 8.48; 95% Cl; 3.072-23.228] and duration postpartum period [AOR = 0.26; 95% Cl; 0.107-0.644] had significant association with postpartum modern contraceptive use. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of postpartum modern contraception use is relatively high. Educational status of mothers, resumption of sex, menses resumption and duration of postpartum period were factors significantly associated with postpartum modern contraceptive use. Improving women education & delivering messages for couples on the risk of getting pregnant prior to menses is crucial.

Prevalence and contributing factors of birth asphyxia among the neonates delivered at Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial teaching hospital, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia is a major contributor to neonatal mortality worldwide. In Ethiopia, birth asphyxia remains a severe condition that leads to significant mortality and morbidity. This study aims to assess the prevalence and contributing factors of birth asphyxia among the neonates delivered at the Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 279 participants using the systematic sampling method during June 1-30, 2019. Data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire, check list and chart review, which was used to retrieve medical information and mother's test results that could not be captured by the interview. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS software (version 24). Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify the association between the independent variables and outcome variable with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULT: The overall prevalence of birth asphyxia among newborns was found to be 15.1%. Factors that were significantly associated with birth asphyxia included mothers aged ≥35 (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI = 2.0-20.5), primigravida (AOR = 5.1; 95% CI =2.0-13.3), prolonged second stage of labor (AOR = 4.6; 95%CI =1.6-13.3), preterm birth (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI =1.5-14.1), meconium stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 7.5; 95% CI =2.5-21.4) and tight nuchal (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI =1.2-9.3). CONCLUSION: Birth asphyxia is still prevalent in the study setting. The obtained findings indicated that the mothers aged ≥35, being primigravida, preterm birth, meconium stained amniotic fluid and tight nuchal were the factors associated with birth asphyxia. The results of this study show the need for better maternal care, creating awareness about contributing factors of birth asphyxia to the maternity health professionals, careful monitoring of labor, and identifying and taking proper measures that could help in reducing the occurrence of birth asphyxia.