ABSTRACT
Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is increasingly performed. Because these procedures are associated with temporary myocardial ischemia, there is a risk of ischemia-related complications. We report two cases of myocardial stunning after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using the Octopus tissue stabilizer. On the basis of our experiences, means to prevent stunning are discussed.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Coronary Artery Bypass/methods , Myocardial Stunning/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Atrial Function, Right , Coronary Artery Bypass , Hemodynamics , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PressureABSTRACT
The small intestine of rats was prepared according to a procedure which is taken for preservation and transplantation in clinical practice. The blood supply of the rat intestine was completely interrupted for 30 min in situ. During this period the lumen of the intestine was rinsed with Ringer-lactate solution. This ischaemic period was followed by 10 min of reperfusion. As a result a decrease in ATP, and GTP concentrations, and of the total adenine nucleotide content during the preservation period occurred. In animals pretreated with superoxide dismutase (i.v. application; superoxide dismutase preparation from human erythrocytes) an accelerated restoration of nucleotide concentrations during the reperfusion period was observed. From the beneficial effect of superoxide dismutase it can be concluded, that there is a considerable formation of active species of oxygen which disturb the energy generation by the mitochondrial respiratory chain during ischaemia/re-oxygenation.
Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacology , Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism , Animals , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Intestine, Small/blood supply , Ischemia/physiopathology , Male , Mesenteric Arteries/physiology , Perfusion , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Reperfusion Injury/metabolismABSTRACT
Impulse discharges were recorded extracellularly with microelectrodes from the spinal cord during visual stimulation. With a sinusoidally moved surround three classes of neurons could be discerned: S-1 neurons activated by movement of the visual stimulus to the right, S-2 neurons by movement to the left and S-3 neurons activated by stimulus movement in both directions. Maximum activation was observed at movements between 0.08 and 0.1 Hz and a marked decrease in activation above 0.2 Hz. All neurons responding to visual stimulation were also activated by vestibular stimulation.
