Intraobserver error associated with anthropometric measurements made by dietitians / Error intraobservador asociado a medidas antropométricas realizadas por dietistas

Introduction: Although dietitians play an important role in the anthropometric assessment, reports on measurements made by these health professionals rarely include estimates of measurement error. Aim: To estimate of intraobserver precision for three common anthropometric measurements made by dietitians. Methods: Twenty six measurers performed measurements (upper mid-arm circumference, tricipital and bicipital skinfold) in two times a sample of ten volunteers. Four precision estimates were calculated: the technical error of measurement (TEM), the relative technical error of measurement (rTEM), the coefficient of reliability (R) and the coefficient of variation (CV). Results: For skinfold thickness, rTEM was smaller than 2.2; for circumference, rTEM was smaller than 0.6. The precision to measure skinfolds was lower than the precision to circumference. Anyway, for all measurements R showed a high degree of precision (R > 95). Conclusion: Our results suggest that anthropometric parameters evaluated are sufficiently precise. However, periodical training is necessary to control and minimize the anthropometric measurement error (AU)

Introducción: Aunque los dietistas desempeñan un papel importante en la evaluación antropométrica, las medidas registradas por estos profesionales sanitarios normalmente no incluyen estimación de errores de medida. Objetivo: Estimar la precisión intraobservador de tres medidas antropométricas habituales realizadas por dietistas. Métodos: Veintiséis medidores realizaron en dos ocasiones las medidas (circunferencia media del brazo, pliegue tricipital y bicipital) a una muestra formada por diez voluntarios. Se calcularon cuatro estimaciones de precisión: el error técnico de medida (ETM), el error relativo técnico de medida (ERTM), el coeficiente de fiabilidad (F) y el coeficiente de variación (CV). Resultados: Para los pliegues, el ERTM fue menor de 2,2 y para la circunferencia el ERTM fue menor de 0,6. La precisión para medir los pliegues fue menor que para la circunferencia. De todos modos, para todas las medidas efectuadas la F mostró un elevado grado de precisión (F > 95). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que los parámetros antropométricos evaluados son lo suficientemente precisos. Sin embargo, es necesario un entrenamiento periódico para controlar y minimizar los errores de las medidas antropométricas (AU)

Prevalence and magnitude of body weight and image dissatisfaction among women in dietetics majors / Prevalencia y magnitud de la insatisfacción con el peso e imagen corporal en mujeres estudiantes de Dietética

Some authors have suggested that body weight dissatisfaction may be high in students majoring in dietetics. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the extent of body weight and image dissatisfaction in a sample of women in dietetics major. Additionally, predictors of magnitude of body weight dissatisfaction were analyzed. Participants were 62 volunteers with normalweight whose mean age was 21.87±1.89 years old (non-random sample). The assessment instruments included anthropometric measurements, a somatomorphic matrix test and an eating disorders inventory (EDI-2). Data were analyzed using SPSS vs. 15.0. A larger proportion of students chose an ideal body weight lower than actual weight (67.7%) and body image with less body fat and more muscle mass than actual values (56.4%). The magnitude of body weight dissatisfaction was associated with muscle mass and body fat dissatisfaction, and with the subscale of EDI-2 “body dissatisfaction”. So, from a public health standpoint, we consider important to continue working in this line of research with the aim of better understanding the extent of body weight dissatisfaction in women dietitians, and how this dissatisfaction could interfere with their professional practice.

Algunos autores han sugerido que los estudiantes de Dietética pueden presentar una elevada insatisfacción con el peso corporal. Por este motivo, se llevó a cabo el presente trabajo con el objetivo de analizar la insatisfacción con el peso y la imagen corporal en una muestra de mujeres estudiantes de Dietética. Además, se analizaron predictores de la magnitud de la insatisfacción con el peso corporal. Las participantes fueron 62 voluntarias con normopeso que tenían una media de edad de 21,87±1,89 años (muestra no aleatoria). La evaluación incluyó medidas antropométricas, el test somatomórfico matrix y el eating disorders inventory (EDI-2). Los resultados se analizaron con el programa estadístico SPSS vs. 15.0. Un elevado porcentaje de estudiantes eligieron un peso ideal menor que su peso actual (67,7%) e imágenes corporales con menos grasa corporal y más masa muscular que la que tienen actualmente (56,4%). La magnitud de la insatisfacción con el peso corporal se asoció con la insatisfacción con la grasa corporal y la masa muscular, y con la subescala “insatisfacción corporal” del EDI-2. Por lo que, desde el punto de vista de salud pública, consideramos de interés seguir trabajando en esta línea de investigación con el objetivo de comprender mejor el grado de insatisfacción con el peso corporal en mujeres dietistas, y cómo esa insatisfacción podría afectar a su práctica profesional.

Prevalence and magnitude of body weight and image dissatisfaction among women in dietetics majors.

Some authors have suggested that body weight dissatisfaction may be high in students majoring in dietetics. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the extent of body weight and image dissatisfaction in a sample of women in dietetics major. Additionally, predictors of magnitude of body weight dissatisfaction were analyzed. Participants were 62 volunteers with normalweight whose mean age was 21.87 +/- 1.89 years old (non-random sample). The assessment instruments included anthropometric measurements, a somatomorphic matrix test and an eating disorders inventory (EDI-2). Data were analyzed using SPSS vs. 15.0. A larger proportion of students chose an ideal body weight lower than actual weight (67.7%) and body image with less body fat and more muscle mass than actual values (56.4%). The magnitude of body weight dissatisfaction was associated with muscle mass and body fat dissatisfaction, and with the subscale of EDI-2 "body dissatisfaction". So, from a public health standpoint, we consider important to continue working in this line of research with the aim of better understanding the extent of body weight dissatisfaction in women dietitians, and how this dissatisfaction could interfere with their professional practice.

Intraobserver error associated with anthropometric measurements made by dietitians.

INTRODUCTION: Although dietitians play an important role in the anthropometric assessment, reports on measurements made by these health professionals rarely include estimates of measurement error. AIM: To estimate of intraobserver precision for three common anthropometric measurements made by dietitians. METHODS: Twenty six measurers performed measurements (upper mid-arm circumference, tricipital and bicipital skinfold) in two times a sample of ten volunteers. Four precision estimates were calculated: the technical error of measurement (TEM), the relative technical error of measurement (rTEM), the coefficient of reliability (R) and the coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS: For skinfold thickness, rTEM was smaller than 2.2; for circumference, rTEM was smaller than 0.6. The precision to measure skinfolds was lower than the precision to circumference. Anyway, for all measurements R showed a high degree of precision (R > 95). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that anthropometric parameters evaluated are sufficiently precise. However, periodical training is necessary to control and minimize the anthropometric measurement error.

Estado nutricional y calidad de la dieta en un grupo de bailarinas en edad escolar / Nutritional status and diet quality in a group of school dancers

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Valoración de la composición corporal y de la percepción de la imagen en un grupo de mujeres universitarias del País Vasco / Body composition assesment and body image perception in a group of university females of the basque country

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de la imagen corporal y comparar los resultados con las medidas reales en un grupo de estudiantes universitarias. Sujetos: La muestra estuvo formada por 28 mujeres estudiantes de la Diplomatura en Nutrición Humana y Dietética de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU),que participaron voluntariamente tras dar su consentimiento informado. La edad media fue de 22,01 ± 2,12 años (20,23-28,25).Material y métodos: Las variables de antropometría estimadas de forma directa y los índices derivados se compararon con valores de referencia. La valoración dela percepción de la imagen corporal se llevó a cabo con un software somato mórfico. La diferencia entre las medidas percibidas y las ideales se utilizaron como medida de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo con el programa SPSS vs 14,0.Resultados y discusión: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la muestra objeto de estudio fue del 10,7%, y la de bajo peso fue del 7,1%. La percepción de la grasa corporal fue buena, mientras que la de la masa muscular difirió en gran medida de la real (3,91 ± 2,75 kg/m2; P <0,001). El nivel de insatisfacción corporal fue más elevado para la masa grasa (6,00 ± 8,61%; P < 0,001) que para el índice de musculación (1,65 ± 2,82 kg/m2; P < 0,01), lo que puede estar justificado por los cánones de belleza actuales y por la sobre-valoración de la delgadez. A la vista de los resultados, consideramos que sería interesante continuar en esta línea de investigación, con el fin de poder hacer análisis comparativos con otros grupos de población

Objective: To assess the body image perception and to compare the results with the true measurements in a group of university students. Subjects: Participants were 28 volunteer females recruited from the degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetic from the University of the Basque Country (Spain). All participants gave their informed consent. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 22.01 (2.12) years (20,23-28,25).Methods: Anthropometric measurement estimated directly and the derived indexes were compared with reference values. The assessment of body image perception was made using a somatomorphic software. The difference between the perceived measurements and the ideals were used as measure of body dissatisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS vs 14.0.Results and discussion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7%, and of under-weight was 70.1%. The body fat perception was well, while the perception of the muscle index was significantly different from the real measure (3.91 ± 2.75 kg/m2; P < 0.001). The level of body dissatisfaction was higher for the body fat (6.00 ± 8.61%; P < 0.001) than for the muscle index (1.65 ± 2.82 kg/m2; P < 0.01). This result can be justified for the present canons of beauty and for the overvaluation of the thinness. Additional research is needed to further know the relation between female body image and true measurements of body composition. Future research will allow to compare the results with other populations

[Body composition assessment and body image perception in a group of University females of the Basque Country]. / Valoración de la composición corporal y de la percepción de la imagen en un grupo de mujeres universitarias del País Vasco.

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To assess the body image perception and to compare the results with the true measurements in a group of university students. SUBJECTS: Participants were 28 volunteer females recruited from the degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetic from the University of the Basque Country (Spain). All participants gave their informed consent. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 22.01 (2.12) years (20,23-28,25). METHODS: Anthropometric measurement estimated directly and the derived indexes were compared with reference values. The assessment of body image perception was made using a somatomorphic software. The difference between the perceived measurements and the ideals were used as measure of body dissatisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS vs 14.0. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.7%, and of under-weight was 70.1%. The body fat perception was well, while the perception of the muscle index was significantly different from the real measure (3.91+/-2.75 kg/m2; P<0.001). The level of body dissatisfaction was higher for the body fat (6.00+/-8.61%; P<0.001) than for the muscle index (1.65+/-2.82 kg/m2; P<0.01). This result can be justified for the present canons of beauty and for the overvaluation of the thinness. Additional research is needed to further know the relation between female body image and true measurements of body composition. Future research will allow to compare the results with other populations.

Comparison of dietary intake among overweight and non-overweight schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in dietary intake between overweight and non-overweight schoolchildren and differences in consumption during the day and in the course of the week. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Using a cross-sectional design, 32 schoolchildren (11-y-old) were selected at random. The parents of children recorded dietary intake for a week using the food weighing method. The children were considered to be overweight when the weight for height was higher than 90th percentile. RESULTS: Some 46.9% of examined schoolchildren were considered overweight. Percentage energy intake reported was significantly lower in the overweight group compared to the non-overweight children (8948.7 vs 9590.1 kJ/day; P<0.01). Carbohydrate intake was significantly greater in the non-overweight schoolchildren (250.9+/-58.8 vs 222.1+/-77.4 g/day; P<0.01). The difference in protein intake between week and weekend days was significant (81.6+/-25.5 in the week days vs 73.9+/-21.4 g/day in the weekend days; P<0.05). DISCUSSION: The data suggest the belief that overweight children eat more than non-overweight children is not correct. These findings suggest that the positive energy balance causing overweight is due possibly to a low energy output.

Relationship between breakfast and obesity among school-aged children. / Relación entre el desayuno y la obesidad en escolares.

Breakfast models among children are an issue of public health concern given the association between breakfast and school performance and its potential relationship with obesity. Food intake, energy, and nutrients in the breakfast of 32 school aged children (11-years olds) and its relationship with body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) were examined. The analysis was made by means of anthropometric measurements and a record of weekly food intake using the accurate weighed amount method. The percentage of studied children with overweight/obesity reached 46.9 (weight for height > 90 percentile). The proportional calorie intake in breakfast was lower than that recommended (16.6%). The association observed between caloric percentage of breakfast regarding daily energy and BMI was not significant. Nevertheless, significant correlations were found between fruit group (Pearson r = 0.6286) and protein foods (Pearson r = -0.7653) with BMI. The amount of total lipids (34.4%) and saturated lipids (19.4% in breakfast exceed the recommendations. Further studies are necessary to confirm these data and serve as basis for the design of nutritional education programs.

Relación entre el desayuno y la obesidad en escolares / Relationship between breakfast and obesity among school-aged children

Los modelos de desayuno entre los niños son un asunto sanitario de interés público dada la asociación que existe entre el desayuno y el rendimiento escolar y su relación potencial con la obesidad. Examinamos el consumo en el desayuno y los micronutrientes en el desayuno de 32 escolares (11 años de edad) y valoramos su relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC, kg/m2). El análisis se efectuó mediante determinaciones antropométricas y un registro del consumo de alimentos semanal utilizando el método de pesada precisa. El 46,9 por ciento de los niños estudiados se consideran con sobrepeso/obesidad (peso para la talla > percentil 90). El consumo proporcional de calorías en el desayuno fue inferior (16,6 por ciento) al recomendado. La asociación hallada entre el porcentaje calórico del desayuno con respecto a la energía diaria y el IMC no fue significativa. Sin embargo, se registraron correlaciones significativas entre el grupo de las frutas (Pearson r = 0,6286) y los alimentos proteicos (Pearson r = -0,7653) con el IMC. La cantidad de grasa total (34,4 por ciento) y de grasa saturada (19,4 por ciento) en el desayuno supera las recomendaciones. Son necesarios más estudios que confirmen estos datos y sirvan de base para el diseño de programas de educación nutricional (AU)

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