Validity of self blood pressure measurement in the control of the hypertensive patient: factors involved.

BACKGROUND: Improving clinical practice aimed at controlling hypertension is a pending issue in health systems. One of the methods currently used for this purpose is self blood pressure measurement (SBPM) whose use increases every day. The aims of this study are to establish the optimal cut-off point for the 3-day SMBP protocol and to identify factors that could affect the precision of the 3-day SMBP protocol using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as a reference. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study to validate a diagnostic test performed by a primary care team in Murcia, Spain. A total of 153 hypertensive patients under 80 years of age who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. ABPM was performed for 24 h. The SBPM protocol consisted of recording 2 measurements in the morning and 2 at night for 3 days. RESULTS: The cut-off point for SBP was set at 135 mmHg (sensitivity: 80.39%, specificity: 74.19%), and for DBP, it was set at 83 mmHg (sensitivity: 76.48%, specificity: 84.89%), which yielded the highest combined sensitivity and specificity. After carrying out the validation study with the new figures, we proceeded to establish which socio-demographic factors prevented a correct classification of patients. These errors were more common in male patients for the assessments of both DBP (OR = 2.4) and SBP (OR = 2.5); hypertensive patients with age < 67,5 years (OR = 1,5); having no work activity (OR = 3,6) and with concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 5.0). CONCLUSION: Being male, older than 67.5 years, with CKD or with no work activity increases the probability of being misclassified for hypertension during follow-up as assessed by SBPM over 3 days. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the University of Murcia under registration number 1018/2015.

Eficiencia entre los diferentes patrones de medida de la automonitorización de la presión arterial en el seguimiento del hipertenso en atención primaria / Efficiency between the different measurement patterns of home blood pressure monitoring in the follow-up of hypertensive patients in primary care

Objetivo: Identificar el patrón de medición de la automonitorización de la presión arterial (AMPA) más eficiente para el seguimiento del hipertenso en atención primaria. Diseño: Estudio validación de prueba diagnóstica. Emplazamiento: Equipo de atención primaria en Murcia. Población: Ciento cincuenta y tres hipertensos menores de 80 años que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión; y con AMPA y monitorización ambulatoria de su presión arterial válidos. Mediciones principales: Realización de monitorización ambulatoria de presión arterial durante 24 h (MAPA). El protocolo de AMPA consistió en registrar 2 mediciones en la mañana y 2 en la noche durante 7 días. Con los registros obtenidos se establecieron los diferentes patrones de AMPA (7, 6, 5, 4, 3 días). Para el análisis utilizamos las curvas COR, el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y el diagrama de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Las mejores áreas bajo la curva para la presión sistólica de los diferentes patrones de la AMPA correspondieron al patrón de 4 días: 0,837 (0,77-0,90); y al de 3 días: 0,834 (0,77-0,90). En cuanto a la diastólica, el patrón de 7 días presentó un área bajo la curva de 0,889 (0,84-0,94); y en segundo lugar, coincidiendo con la misma cifra, los patrones de 3 y 4 días: 0,834 (0,83-0,94). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los coeficientes de correlación intraclase para las presiones arteriales sistólicas y diastólicas. El patrón de 3 días mostró en conjunto una menor dispersión en el diagrama de Bland-Altman. Conclusión: Proponemos el patrón de AMPA de 3 días para el seguimiento del paciente hipertenso, ya que no presenta una eficiencia inferior a los demás patrones

Objective: To identify the most efficient measurement pattern of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) for the follow-up of hypertensive patients in primary care. Design: Validation study of a diagnostic test. Setting: Primary care team in Murcia, Spain. Population: One hundred and fifty three hypertensive patients younger than 80 years who met the inclusion criteria, who used HBPM and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Main measurements: Performing HBPM for 24hours. The HBPM protocol consisted of recording 2 measurements in the morning and 2 in the evening for 7 days. With the records obtained, the different HBPM patterns were established (7, 6, 5, 4, 3 days). The ROC curves were used for the analysis, together with the correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman plots. Results: The best areas under the curve for the systolic pressure of the different HBPM patterns corresponded to the 4-day pattern: 0.837 (0.77-0.90); and the 3 day one: 0.834 (0.77-0.90). As for diastolic pressure, the 7-day pattern had an area under the curve of 0.889 (0.84-0.94); followed by the 3 and 4 days patterns, which had the same statistical result both: 0.834 (0.83-0.94). There were no significant differences between correlation coefficients for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The 3-day pattern showed a lower dispersion in the Bland-Altman plots. Conclusion: The 3 days HBPM pattern is proposed for the follow-up of the hypertensive patient, since it does not have an inferior efficiency to the other patterns

[Efficiency between the different measurement patterns of home blood pressure monitoring in the follow-up of hypertensive patients in primary care]. / Eficiencia entre los diferentes patrones de medida de la automonitorización de la presión arterial en el seguimiento del hipertenso en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most efficient measurement pattern of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) for the follow-up of hypertensive patients in primary care. DESIGN: Validation study of a diagnostic test. SETTING: Primary care team in Murcia, Spain. POPULATION: One hundred and fifty three hypertensive patients younger than 80 years who met the inclusion criteria, who used HBPM and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Performing HBPM for 24hours. The HBPM protocol consisted of recording 2 measurements in the morning and 2 in the evening for 7 days. With the records obtained, the different HBPM patterns were established (7, 6, 5, 4, 3 days). The ROC curves were used for the analysis, together with the correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The best areas under the curve for the systolic pressure of the different HBPM patterns corresponded to the 4-day pattern: 0.837 (0.77-0.90); and the 3 day one: 0.834 (0.77-0.90). As for diastolic pressure, the 7-day pattern had an area under the curve of 0.889 (0.84-0.94); followed by the 3 and 4 days patterns, which had the same statistical result both: 0.834 (0.83-0.94). There were no significant differences between correlation coefficients for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The 3-day pattern showed a lower dispersion in the Bland-Altman plots. CONCLUSION: The 3 days HBPM pattern is proposed for the follow-up of the hypertensive patient, since it does not have an inferior efficiency to the other patterns.

Tratando la disfunción eréctil en atención primaria (estudio TRADE-AP): efectividad de la toma a demanda de tadalafilo versus pauta diaria / Treating erectile dysfunction in primary care (TRADE-AP): effectiveness of taking tadalafil on demand versus daily pattern

Objetivo: Valorar la efectividad del tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil con tadalafilo tomado a demanda respecto a la pauta diaria. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico para analizar la disfunción eréctil en atención primaria con un grupo tratado con 20 mg de tadalafilo a demanda versus otro grupo que toma 5 mg de tadalafilo diario, utilizando el índice internacional de función eréctil, el cuestionario de Fulg-Meyer de satisfacción con la vida validado para la disfunción eréctil y la escala visual analógica, con puntuación de 0 a 100, de preferencia de tratamiento por el paciente y la escala visual analógica de preferencia de su pareja, donde se les pregunta su satisfacción con el tratamiento. Resultados: El ascenso medio de puntuación inicial-final de todos los dominios del índice internacional de función eréctil ha sido significativo tanto en el grupo "a demanda" como en el grupo "pauta diaria". Las diferencias observadas en el incremento medio de todos los ítems del cuestionario de satisfacción con la vida en ambos grupos han sido significativas, aunque con mayor intensidad en el grupo "pauta diaria". Respecto a la escala de evaluación analógica, se observaron diferencias significativas entre la puntuación total media inicial y la puntuación total media final en el grupo "a demanda", menores que en el grupo "pauta diaria". Conclusiones: Tanto la terapia a demanda como la pauta diaria con tadalafilo son eficaces en el tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil, pero la mejora en la función sexual, en la calidad de vida y en la satisfacción por la espontaneidad y naturalidad con el tratamiento se manifiestan en mayor medida con la pauta diaria (al menos, en las primeras etapas del tratamiento) debido, básicamente, a la actuación sobre factores psicosexuales que desligan el tratamiento de la relación sexual (AU)

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the treatment of erectile dysfunction with tadalafil taken on demand versus the pattern daily. Material and method: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted to analyze erectile dysfunction in Primary Care in a group treated with 20 mg tadalafil "on demand" versus another group taking 5 mg of tadalafil "daily" using the international index of erectile function, the LISAT-8 Fulg-Meyer of quality of life validated for erectile dysfunction and the visual analogue scale (EVA with 0 to 100 score) on the treatment preference of the patient and the EVA preference of his partner, in which they are asked about their treatment satisfaction. Results: The mean increase in initial-final score for all domains of the international index of erectile function was significant in both the "on demand" and "daily" group. The differences observed in the mean increase for all the LISAT-8 items in both groups were significant. However, there was greater intensity in the "daily regime." Regarding EVA, significant differences were observed between total mean initial score and total final average score for the "on demand" group, these being lower than in the "daily" group. Conclusions: On demand treatment and the daily regime with tadalafil are effective in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, improvement in sexual function, quality of life and satisfactions due to the treatment spontaneity and naturalness are manifested more with the daily regime (at least in the first stages of the treatment), basically because of the action on the psycho-sexual factors that separate the treatment from the sexual relationship (AU)