Rhythm abnormalities of the biliary and pancreatic sphincters: diagnosis by endoscopic manometry.

Abnormal phasic wave activity was noted in the biliary duct sphincter, pancreatic duct sphincter, or both in 43 patients. This abnormality consisted of a tachyrhythmia in 40 patients and absent phasic wave activity in 3 patients. Tachyrhythmia was encountered in patients with elevated basal sphincter pressures. In four patients with tachyrhythmia, administration of intravenous naloxone failed to modify phasic wave activity. Three patients with normal basal sphincter pressures had absent phasic wave activity. This abnormality occurred in two patients with cirrhosis and in one patient with suspected cirrhosis. In one patient with cirrhosis, administration of intravenous morphine did not induce phasic wave activity.

[Ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscles following nerve and tendon injuries in man. II. Nerve injuries]. / Az emberi vázizomzat ultrastrukturális elváltozásai ideg- és ínsérülések után II. Idegsérülések

The alterations occuring in the fine structure of the man's hand muscles after traumatic nerve injuries have been examined by the authors. In the muscle portions taken in the 6th--16th weeks after the injury considerable atrophy of the contractile components, the desorganisation of the myofilaments, and the atropy of the mitochondrium and the sarcoplasmatic reticulum have been observed. The motor end-organs are athropic or their place is indicated but by a single great vacuolum. In the motor nerve fibres the typical picture of Waller's degeneration was seen.

[The effect of surgery, performed under ischemia, on the fine structure of the hand muscles]. / A vértelenítésben végzett mütétek hatása a kézizmok finom szerkezetére

The ultrastructural picture of the intact and injured hand muscles has been examined by the authors during and after operations in tourniquet ischaemia of 12 patients, in connection with tendon and nerve reconstruction. Muscle specimina were taken partly in the beginning of the ischaemization, and partly at the end ot it, every 15--20 minutes, and the muscle specimina have been examined by means of electron microscope. It has been found that in the first 2 hours of ischaemia neither the intact muscles, nor those previously injured suffer demonstrable damage.

[Open fractures of the hand joints]. / A kézízületek nyílt törései

In the authors' opinion the optimal treatment of the open fractures of the hand articulations is the internal fixation offering the best fixation possible--this being the best antidote of the inflammatory complications and assuring the satisfactory late functional results. The splinting (stabliizing) methods known so far--as well as the preventive measures applied by the authors against inflammatory complications are discussed.

[Substitution of an injured finger joint by silicone rubber prosthesis]. / Sérült ujjízület pótlása szilikon-gumi protézissel

Between 1973 and the first semester of 1975, on the injured and destroyed digital articulation 27 patients have been operated on by means silicon rubber prosthesis of Swanson type. The prosthesis plasty and the field of its use are shortly resumed, pointing out the importance of its adaptation on the injured articulation. The operative technique is described, as well as the results obtained and the aspects of the evaluation are discussed. The results obtained with the silicon rubber prosthesis are very promising. In the case of failure arthrodesis may be performed at any time.

[Ultrastructural changes in human skeletal muscles following tendon and nerve injuries. I. Ultrastructural changes following tendon injuries]. / Az emberi vázizomzat ultrastrukturális elv

During reconstructive procedures performed 4-16 weeks after the tendon lesion the specimens obtained from the injured muscle have been examined by the authors. It was found that after the tendon injury inactivity atrophy develops and a condition of equilibrium could be observed at this time. The most important changes in the fine structure were seen in the contractile elements: these were atrophied, homogenized, fragmentated and ragged independently from the functional unities. The number of the mitochondria was considerably decreased, the sarcoplasmic reticulum was increased, and the difference between the originally red and white muscular fibres was indistinct. The glycogen content of the musculature was decreased, or it disappeared completely. No pathologic changes have been observed in the sarcolemma, the cell nuclei and the motor nerve end-organs.

[Fenestrated rib fracture, a disease entity?]. / Onálló kórkép-e az ablakos bordatörés?

The problems of the paradoxical respiration - observed in the case of fenestrated rib fracture - are discussed by the authors. On the basis of the data of the literature and of 348 own cases with covered rib fracture, as well as on the basis of the course and the clinical analysis of the lesion the authors refuse to admit the role of the "pendelluft" and of the mediastinal flutter in the development of circulatory and respiratory disorders occurring in the case of fenestrated rib fractures. In the authors' opinion, there are only quantitative differences between the consequences of the various rib fractures. The thoracal lesion is considered by the authors as functional unity. The treatment is always prescribed according to the degree of the functional disorder and also the classification of the injured patients is to be made on this basis.

[Accidental immobilization of the proximal joint of the index finger]. / A mutatóujj alapízületi mozgásának elakadása

In connexion with one case a rare clinical picture is described by the authors. The stoppage of movement observed in young individuals in the MP articulation of the forefinger occurs under the effect of trauma, - under normal articular conditions, - on strongly flexed finger, under the effect of powerful ulnar duction.