General phase diagram of multimodal ordered and disordered lasers in closed and open cavities.

We present a unified approach to the theory of multimodal laser cavities including a variable amount of structural disorder. A general mean-field theory is studied for waves in media with variable nonlinearity and randomness. Phase diagrams are reported in terms of optical power, degree of disorder, and degree of nonlinearity, tuning between closed and open cavity scenarios. In the thermodynamic limit of infinitely many modes, the theory predicts four distinct regimes: a continuous wave behavior for low power, a standard mode-locking laser regime for high power and weak disorder, a random laser for high pumped power and large disorder, and a novel intermediate regime of phase locking occurring in the presence of disorder but below the lasing threshold.

Small-cluster renormalization group in Ising and Blume-Emery-Griffiths models with ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and quenched disordered magnetic interactions.

The Ising and Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) models' critical behavior is analyzed in two dimensions and three dimensions by means of a renormalization group scheme on small clusters made of a few lattice cells. Different kinds of cells are proposed for both ordered and disordered model cases. In particular, cells preserving a possible antiferromagnetic ordering under renormalization allow for the determination of the Néel critical point and its scaling indices. These also provide more reliable estimates of the Curie fixed point than those obtained using cells preserving only the ferromagnetic ordering. In all studied dimensions, the present procedure does not yield a strong-disorder critical point corresponding to the transition to the spin-glass phase. This limitation is thoroughly analyzed and motivated.

[Oral premedication with clonidine as an alternative in dental practice. The effects on the pain threshold, blood pressure and salivary flow]. / La premedicazione orale con clonidina come alternativa nella pratica odontoiatrica. Effetti sulla soglia del dolore, pressione sanguigna e flusso salivare.

BACKGROUND: Clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been recently shown to be effective in conscious sedation because of its analgesic and sedative properties, having also proven to be active in reducing neuroendocrine responses to stressful stimuli perioperatively. The current study was designed to investigate the efficacy of 150 micrograms oral clonidine as a premedicant in dentistry. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial, 40 patients, aged 16-64 yr, undergoing conservative, or prosthetic, or dental surgery procedures, received placebo (n = 20) or 150 micrograms of oral clonidine (n = 20) 90 min before the estimated time of induction of local anesthesia. A blinded observer recorded: salivary flow, systolic and diastolic blood pressure each 30 min lasting 2-3 hours, as well as the degree of pain and sedation intra and postoperatively. RESULTS: Clonidine produced significant salivary flow reduction (p < 0.001) and sedation (p < 0.001) as well as significant difference in postoperative pain scores (p < 0.05) compared to placebo. Xerostomia persisted postoperatively in clonidine premedicated patients as compared to those given the placebo (p < 0.01). Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly only after 120 (p < 0.01) and 150 min (p < 0.001) following clonidine pretreatment, but none of the patients were treated for hypotension. 55% of the clonidine treated patients positively evaluated the experience. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a dose of 150 micrograms of clonidine, given orally 90 min preoperatively, is an effective premedication in dentistry, without causing excessive haemodynamic depression and sedation, and moreover confirm that the oral route of administration is very well accepted.

[Papilloma of the palate. Clinical and histopathology]. / Papilloma del palato. Clinica ed istopatologia.

An asymptomatic, exophytic and unusually large mass of hard and soft palate is presented. Its papillary surface architecture is characteristic of an oral squamous papilloma. The cause is unknown. Recurrent or malignant change, or both, are possible.

[Severe tooth agenesis. Presentation of a case]. / Agenesia dentaria grave. Presentazione di un caso.

In the present work the Authors describe a case of a patient affected by Duchenne disease as well as by dental multiple agenesis. It is a particular case of such rare syndromes in the same subject.

[Subcutaneous emphysema during intraligamental anesthesia]. / Enfisema sottocutaneo durante anestesia intralegamentosa.

Periodontal ligament anaesthesia (PDLA) is a good choice to most common local anaesthesia methods. In the present work the Authors report a case of subcutaneous emphysema as adverse effect of this injection technique.

[Epidemiological and clinical study of dental agenesis]. / Contributo allo studio epidemiologico e clinico delle agenesie dentarie.

This work realized thanks to exchange by IFMSA happened at Medical School Praga's invitation, describes two researchs. The first presents the casuistry of scholastic czechoslovak population; the second 87 cases with multiple teeth agenesis observed at Pedodontic's Clinical of Praga's Hospital Motol. The Authors, after describing the review of literature about epidemiology, etiopathogenetic, symptomatology and diagnosis aspects, present a personal contribution in accordance with existing literature.

[Luxation of anterior deciduous teeth. Clinical considerations]. / Lussazioni dei denti anteriori decidui. Considerazioni cliniche.

Deciduous anterior teeth dislocations are a very high incidence pathology in children. In this work the Authors describe some cases, their complications and therapy.

[Impacted canines. epidemiological evaluation]. / Canini inclusi. Valutazioni epidemiologiche.

The results are reported of an epidemiologic research carried out on 205 patients which presented bad occlusions. We found that 9.27% of the patients presented inclusions of canine teeth, that female subjects were more affected by the inclusion than male subjects, and that inclusions were more frequent at the level of the upper jaw.

[Odontoiatric pathology and bacterial endocarditis: risk factors and prevention]. / Patologia odontoiatrica ed endocardite batterica. Fattori di rischio e prevenzione.

The risk of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry is examined and responsibilities for prevention clarified. A review of the principal chemotherapeutic protocols currently followed by International Cardiologist Associations is presented.

[Costs of caries therapy and prevention in a school]. / Costi per terapia e prevenzione della carie in una scuola.

The prevalence of dental caries in the school children population in Rieti is very high, according to low levels of fluoride content in drinkable water, similar to those detected in other areas of Italy and Europe. The aim of our research is to propose a combined prevention protocol, utilizing fluoride tablets and dental therapy through structures already existing in the public health national organization. The application of this combined (profilaxis-therapy) protocol is expected to decrease the prevalence of dental caries to 50% in a five years period, at a very accettable cost. This protocol should find early application, possibly starting from maternal schools.

[Orthodontic-surgical treatment of impacted canines. Clinical and therapeutic aspects of disimpaction]. / Il trattamento ortodontico-chirurgico dei canini inclusi. Considerazioni cliniche e terapeutiche della disinclusione.

An attempt was made to classify the various positions assumed by included canines in order to identify the most appropriate treatment. The surgical phase is indubitably decisive for correct repositioning. The possible corrective techniques are described together with several useful ideas for use in the exposure phase in order to facilitate the procedure and minimal subsequent orthodontic work, while ensuring maximum stability of both tooth and periodontal tissue at the end of the repositioning.

[Prevention and treatment of hypermotive syndromes in patients needing dental care. 1. Classification, epidemiology, prevention]. / Prevenzione e trattamento delle sindromi iperemotive nei pazienti bisognosi di cure dentarie. Nota Prima: classificazione, epidemiologia, prevenzione.

In the present work the Authors analyze the frequence and the intensity of emotive reactions in patients undergoing odontoiatric treatment. They also suggest various simple systems for the dentist to prevent excessive emotive reaction of patient which include the quality of staff and equipment employed in the environment of work.

[Prevention and treatment of hypermotive syndromes in patients needing dental care. 2. Treatment]. / Prevenzione e trattamento delle sindromi iperemotive nei pazienti bisognosi di cure dentarie. Nota Seconda: trattamento.

In the present review the Authors describe the most common therapeutical protocols used in the treatment of the most complex cases of hyperreactivity and various therapeutical instrumental and pharmacological tools now available for the dentist to solve problems linked to hyperemotive patients undergoing odontoiatric therapy.