Efficient realization of quantum primitives for Shor's algorithm using PennyLane library.

Efficient realization of quantum algorithms is among main challenges on the way towards practical quantum computing. Various libraries and frameworks for quantum software engineering have been developed. Here we present a software package containing implementations of various quantum gates and well-known quantum algorithms using PennyLane library. Additoinally, we used a simplified technique for decomposition of algorithms into a set of gates which are native for trapped-ion quantum processor and realized this technique using PennyLane library. The decomposition is used to analyze resources required for an execution of Shor's algorithm on the level of native operations of trapped-ion quantum computer. Our original contribution is the derivation of coefficients needed for implementation of the decomposition. Templates within the package include all required elements from the quantum part of Shor's algorithm, specifically, efficient modular exponentiation and quantum Fourier transform that can be realized for an arbitrary number of qubits specified by a user. All the qubit operations are decomposed into elementary gates realized in PennyLane library. Templates from the developed package can be used as qubit-operations when defining a QNode.

[Anesthesia during diagnostic endoscopic interventions in the outpatient setting].

The review of the literature is devoted to the urgent problem of today--anesthetic maintenance of diagnostic endoscopic studies. The authors of the review have attempted to systematize the results of numerous publications to provide a deeper insight into the existing problems and perspectives in this field of anesthesiology, which can facilitate an anesthesiologist in his/her decision on anesthesia to be performed in diagnostic endoscopy.

[Effect of chronic neutron irradiation on fibroblast cell culture in Chinese hamster]. / Deistvie khronicheskogo neitronnogo oblucheniia na kulturu kletok fibroblastov kitaiskogo khomiachka.

The effect of monoenergy (30 Gev) neutron radiation on Chinese hamster fibroblasts has been studied by micronuclear test. It has been shown that in the range of doses up to 60 cGy RBE is equal to unity.

[The action of gamma radiation and secondary proton radiation with 70-GeV energy on different mammalian cells]. / Deistvie gamma- i vtorichnogo izluchenii ot protonov s énergiei 70 GéV na razlichnye kletki mlekopitaiushchikh.

The sensitivity to gamma- and secondary proton (70 GeV) radiation was studied in fibroblast cell culture of Chinese hamster and NIH 3T3 mice and, with respect to survival rate, in lymphoma strains L5178 V-S and L5178 V-R. It was shown that RBE was high for radiosensitive cultures and that the major role in the final biological effect was played by the mode of the postirradiation processes rather than by the peculiarities of the primary injury.

[The characteristics of the realization of cytogenetic damage in mammalian and plant cells exposed to low doses of radiation]. / Osobennosti realizatsii tsitogeneticheskogo povrezhdeniia pri vozdeistvii malymi dozami oblucheniia na kletki mlekopitaiushchikh i rastenii.

A complicated character of the cytogenetic injury dependence upon radiation dose was revealed after low-level gamma irradiation of Vicia faba seedlings and Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The dependence was linear with low-level secondary exposure to 70 GeV protons. The authors discuss a threshold nature of induction of the cytogenetic damage repair responsible for a high outcome of damages under the effect of low-level gamma radiation.

Adaptive response in irradiated human lymphocytes: radiobiological and genetical aspects.

The adaptive response (AR) in human lymphocytes in different experimental protocols was investigated. The AR was found to be present in cells pre-exposed to 3 cGy of X-rays in G0, G1 and S phase as well as with tritiated water (4 muCi/ml) when the 'challenge' dose was given in G2. There was no AR after prior exposure of the cells in S phase to secondary irradiation from 70 GeV protons. The AR was not observed after preliminary X-irradiation of the lymphocytes in G0 and G1 and 'challenge' irradiation in G1. Cells from 6 patients with Down's syndrome were tested. At least 5 of them did not show the AR. The AR is considered to be a phenomenon of the antimutagenic aftereffect.

[The possibility for modification of the cytogenetic action of secondary radiation with 70-GeV protons on Chinese hamster fibroblasts]. / Issledovanie vozmozhnosti modifikatsii tsitogeneticheskogo deistviia vtorichnogo izlucheniia ot protonov s énergiei 70 GéV na fibroblasty kitaiskogo khomiachka.

As estimated by the cytogenetic injury induced in Chinese hamster cells by secondary 70-GeV proton radiation, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, an inhibitor of chromatin proteinases, has a radioprotective effect. The poly(ADP)-ribosylation-independent participation of the inhibitor in radiation cytogenetic mutagenesis has been shown.

[The role of irreparable DNA damage in initiating chromosomal mutagenesis in Chinese hamster cells irradiated with gamma and secondary proton radiation with an energy of 70 GeV]. / O roli nerepariruemogo povrezhdeniia DNK v initsiatsii khromosomnogo mutageneza v kletkakh kitaiskogo khomiachka, obluchennykh gamma- i vtorichnym izlucheniem ot protonov s énergiei 70 GéV.

The study on the kinetics of DNA injury repair in Chinese hamster cells exposed to gamma and secondary proton radiation (70 GeV) has demonstrated the absence of distinctions in the kinetics of repair of rapidly repaired damages, a decreased rate of repair of slowly repaired lesions, and an increased residual irreparable damage induced by secondary radiation that reliably correlates with the RBE value estimated by the cytogenetic effect.

[Chemotherapeutic effectiveness of mecillinam and dioxidine in an experiment using polyresistant Escherichia coli]. / Khimioterapevticheskaia éffektivnost' metsillinama i dioksidina v éksperimente pri ispol'zovanii polirezistentnoi kishechnoi palochki.

Chemotherapeutic efficacy of mecillinam and dioxidine was studied on a model of Escherichia coli septicemia of albino mice caused by polyresistant variants of E. coli 675. It was shown that the presence of RI plasmid in the bacterial cells markedly lowered the mecillinam chemotherapeutic efficacy whereas the presence of R64 plasmid did not change the drug efficacy as compared to the plasmid-free controls. It was noted that the presence of RI and R222 plasmids in the pathogen cells increased the dioxidine efficacy while pKM-101 plasmid had a contrary effect. Correlation between the level of dioxidine resistance of E. coli 675 in vitro and the drug chemotherapeutic efficacy in animals was observed.

[Effect of secondary radiation from 70-GeV protons and gamma quanta on chromosomes of Chinese hamster cells as dependent on the cell cycle stage]. / Deistvie vtorichnogo izlucheniia ot protonov 70 GéV i gamma-kvantov na khromosomy kletok kitaiskogo khomiachka v zavisimosti ot stadii kletok tsikla.

In cultured Chinese hamster cells, no decrease in the number of chromosome aberrations was noted after exposure thereof to 70 GeV protons at the late S-phase as opposed to early one. It is suggested that high biological effectiveness of this type of radiation is associated with its inhibiting effect of cytogenetic damages repair.

[Cytogenetic effect of gamma quanta and secondary radiation generated by 70 GeV protons on Chinese hamster fibroblasts]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe deistvie gamma-kvantov i vtorichnogo izlucheniia, generiruemogo protonami s énergiei 70 GéV, na fibroblasty kitaiskogo khomiachka.

The study of the cytogenetic effects (for instance, the chromosome aberration frequency in G2 cells and micronucleus formation) after exposure of Chinese hamster cells to gamma-rays and secondary radiation generated by 70 GeV protons showed that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of secondary radiation was approximately 3. The contribution of isochromatid deletions and exchanges into the total spectrum of rearrangements induced by the secondary radiation was different from that observed on gamma-irradiation. The absence of the modifying effect of caffeine on the cells exposed to the secondary radiation indicated that RBE of the secondary radiation from 70 GeV protons was mainly associated with its inhibitory action on the cytogenetic damages repair.

[DNA damage and repair in Chinese hamster fibroblasts exposed to gamma and secondary radiation generated by 70 GeV protons]. / Povrezhdenie i reparatsiia DNK v fibroblastakh kitaiskogo khomiachka pri vozdeistvii gamma- i vtorichnym izlucheniem, generiruemym protonami s énergiei 70 GéV.

The cytochemical study of DNA damage and repair in a Chinese hamster fibroblast culture exposed to gamma-rays and secondary radiation from 70 GeV protons showed no significant differences between the two types of radiation.

Analysis of cytogenetic effects of the secondary radiation resulting from 70 GeV protons of Chinese hamster cells.

The cell culture of a Chinese hamster was irradiated on a Serpuchov proton synchrotron at a dose of 0.5-4 Gy and a dose rate of 1 Gy/min and by gamma-irradiation at dose 1-5 Gy and dose rate 1.2-1.4 Gy/min. The effect of radiation on the cell culture was judged from chromosomal aberrations in G2-stage of cell cycle and micronuclear test. The relative biological efficience of the secondary radiation was approximately 3. Modifying effect of caffeine on the cells irradiated by secondary radiation of synchrotron was not observed. In the presence of caffeine the effect of gamma-irradiation practically is increased up to the level observed upon secondary irradiation. This suggests that secondary radiation inhibits the repair of the cytogenetic damage.

Effect of secondary radiation produced by 70 GeV protons on DNA of mammalian cells.

It is shown that the RBE of the 70 GeV proton secondary radiation for the induction of single-strand break is 1.6-7.6 in Chinese hamster fibroblasts and 1.04-3.8 in limphoid cells and for the lethality of Chinese hamster cells 1.14-1.7. The RBE value increases with decreasing dose of the secondary radiation. On post-irradiation incubation of mammalian cells at 37 degrees C, single-strand breaks induced by the secondary radiation are repaired with the sane time course as those induced by gamma-rays. In our earlier works we have made an attempt to estimate the biological efficiency of radiation generated by the 70 GeV protons on bacteria, phage T4 and Vicia faba beans. The obtained values of the relative biological efficiency (RBE) of this radiation varied between 1.4 and 5.5, depending on the object, criterion of estimation, times of registration and other experimental conditions. The aim of the present work is to estimate the biological efficiency of synchrotron radiation by its effect on mammalian cells.

[Action of secondary radiation from 70-Gev protons on the cellular DNA of mammals]. / Issledovanie deistviia vtorichnogo izlucheniia ot protonov 70 Gév na DNK kletok mlekopitaiushchikh.

A study was made of the effect of secondary radiation of 70 GeV protons on DNA of Chinese hamster cells. With a reference to fibroblast DNA, lymphoid cell DNA, and the lethal effect of radiation on the survival of Chinese hamster cells the RBE was 1.6-7.6, 1.1-3.8 and 1.14-1.7, respectively. DNA breaks were repaired to an equal level after exposure to secondary radiation from the accelerator and gamma-radiation from 60Co in equally effective doses.

[Clinical and experimental study of dioxidine. Its antibacterial action]. / Kliniko-éksperimental'noe izuchenie dioksidina. Antibakterial'noe deistvie.

The effect of dioxidine on the growth of freshly isolated clinical strains of microorganisms with various levels of resistance to antibiotics was studied. It was shown that strains of Ps.aeruginosa not resistant to carbenicillin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid were most sensitive to the drug. Similar correlation was found in Proteus strains with various levels of resistance to chloramphenicol. Sensitivity of these organisms to dioxidine did not depend on their resistance to gentamicin, ampicillin and neomycin. The antibacterial effect of the drug is based on inhibition of the synthesis of nucleic acids, the level of DNA synthesis inhibition being the highest. Dioxidine had practically no effect on protein synthesis.