ABSTRACT
Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015-2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.
Subject(s)
Aquatic Organisms , Ecosystem , Climate Change , Mediterranean SeaABSTRACT
Introducción: Etimológicamente el término Histeria proviene de la palabra griega Hys teron que significa Útero. De esto deducimos, la feminización de la enfermedad y la vincula ción al ideal de mujer históricamente vigente. Objetivos: Dar a conocer la Histeria y el lazo que la une con la sexualidad femenina a lo largo de diferentes épocas históricas. Material y método: Revisión Bibliográfica Sistemática en Bases de datos. Resultados: Diferentes racionamientos tratan de esclarecer la etiología y sintomatología de la enfermedad. Resulta llamativo, por otro lado, el tratamiento clandestino que algunas mujeres histéricas reciben: los masajes pélvicos. Conclusiones: Análisis del legado de las mujeres que sufrieron la estigmatización de ser tachadas de histéricas desde una visión actual. Cómo vemos la Histeria hoy: significado y connotaciones (AU)
Introduction: Hysteria comes from hysteron, a Greek word that means Uterus. From there it follows the feminization of the dis ease and the link with the prototype of perfect woman at that time. Objective: Study the relationship between Hysteria and female sexuality through differ ent historical periods. Materials and Methods: Literature Review in Databases. Results: Different studies try to explain the etiology and symptomatology of Hysteria. It calls our attention that some women were treated in a clandestinely way: pelvic massages. Conclusions: Analysis of the legacy of women who suffered from the stigmatization of being branded as hysterical women at pre sent. How we see hysteria today: meaning and connotations (AU)
Introduçao: Etimológicamente o termo Histeria vem da palavra grega Hysteron que significa Ùtero. Por isto deduzimos, a femini zaçao da doença e a vinculaçao a um ideal de mulher historicamente vigente. Objectivos: Dar a conhecer a Hisetria e o laço que a associa com a sexualida de feminina durante diferentes épocas históricas. Material e método: Revisao bibliográfica sistemática em bases de dados. Resultados: Diferentes rocionomentos tra tam de esclarecer a etiología, sintomatología da doença. Resultado chamativo, por otro lado, o tratamento clandestino que algunas mulheres histéricas recebem: o massagem pelvico. Análise do legado das mulheres que sofrem estigamtiazaçao de serem acusadas de histéricas desde una visao actual. Como vemos a histeria hoje: significado e conotaçoes (AU)
