Cell adhesion molecules' altered profile in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. The paradigm of beta4-integrin, desmoglein-2, ICAM-1 and CD44s.

BACKGROUND: Alterations in intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix connections contribute to tumour development. This study investigates the expression of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in salivary gland tumors (SGTs). METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded tissue specimens of different types of 34 benign and 31 malignant SGTs and normal salivary glands were studied using Envision/HRP immunohistochemical technique for Desmoglein-2 (Dsg-2), beta4-integrin, CD44s and ICAM-1. Intensity of staining was evaluated in a semi-quantitative manner. Results were analyzed using Kendall's τ and Spearman's ρ as correlation criteria. RESULTS: Dsg-2 in intercellular space, beta4-integrin in cell-basal membrane, and CD44s in both types of contacts were strongly expressed in normal acinar and ductal cells, whereas ICAM-1 was expressed only at the endothelium and sparse stromal cells and monocytes. Strong correlation was found between Dsg-2 expression in adenomas and controls and between adenocarcinomas and controls. In adenomas, a distinct cytoplasmic presence of Dsg-2 was observed in addition to the usual membranous expression, with decreased expression in comparison with normal tissue. In malignant SGTs, Dsg-2 expression was absent. In most SGTs, beta4-integrin was expressed also with a distinct pattern, involving the cytoplasm and the unpolarised membrane, while CD44 was found only on the membrane. Strong correlation between beta4-integrin expression in adenomas and controls was noted, while CD44 expression was found to be correlated significantly between adenocarcinomas and controls (p < 0.001). Regarding ICAM-1, its expression was found increased in adenomas, with non-specific distribution in malignant SGTs and strong correlation between the histological subtypes and controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The different expression profile of CAMs in SGTs could possibly suggest a role on their pathogenesis, representing a model of how neoplastic cells can take advantage of normal tissue architecture and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.

Salivary mRNA markers having the potential to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma segregated from oral leukoplakia with dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: In the current study the presence of extracellular IL-1B, IL-8, OAZ and SAT mRNAs in the saliva was evaluated as a tool in the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: 34 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma stage T1N0M0/T2N0M0, 20 patients with oral leukoplakia and dysplasia (15 patients with mild dysplasia and 5 with severe dysplasia/in situ carcinoma) and 31 matched healthy-control subjects were included in the study. The presence of IL-1B, IL-8, OAZ and SAT mRNA was evaluated in extracellular RNA isolated from saliva samples using sequence-specific primers and real-time RT-PCR. ROC curve analysis was used to estimate the ability of the biomarkers to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. RESULTS: The data reveal that the combination of these four biomarkers provides a good predictive probability of up to 80% (AUC=0.799, p=0.002) for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma but not patients suffering from oral leukoplakia with dysplasia. Moreover, the combination of only the two biomarkers (SAT and IL-8) also raises a high predictive ability of 75.5% (AUC=0.755, p=0.007) approximately equal to the four biomarkers suggesting the use of the two biomarkers only in the prediction model for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients limiting the economic and health cost in half. CONCLUSION: SAT and IL-8 mRNAs are present in the saliva in high quality and quantity, with a good discriminatory ability for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients only but not for patients with oral leukoplakia and dysplasia an oral potentially malignant disorder.

Surgical, orthodontic and prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with follicular ameloblastoma: a case report.

This case report describes the combined surgical, orthodontic and prosthodontic rehabilitation of an adult female patient with a previous history of follicular ameloblastoma, which was treated through partial mandibulectomy and an immediate replacement of missing bone with an autologous calvarial bone graft. Orthodontic treatment was undertaken in order to restore occlusal disturbances and obtain sufficient space for two dental implants and an optimum prosthodontic rehabilitation.

Oral lesions leading to the diagnosis of Crohn disease: report on 5 patients.

Crohn disease is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown etiology. Oral lesions are significant, as they may occasionally precede intestinal and systemic manifestations. In this retrospective study, clinical and histopathologic data were reviewed from the files of 5 patients with Crohn disease diagnosed at the Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology School of Dentistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, and Division of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. In the 5 patients, clinical signs included erosions, deep ulcers, cobblestoning of the buccal mucosa, mucosal tags, and lip swelling. Histopathologic examination revealed a granulomatous inflammation with noncaseating granulomas and deep fissuring of the oral mucosa. In all 5 patients, oral lesions were the early signs of the disease. The diagnosis of Crohn disease was confirmed by a colonoscopy and a biopsy of colonic lesions. Oral lesions may be significant and/or initial signs of Crohn disease. Recognition of the lesions may provide an early diagnosis.

Cytotoxicity of dental adhesives in vitro.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of six dental adhesives (Admira Bond, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, ED Primer II, Fuji Bond LC, Gluma Comfort Bond, and NanoBond) applied to cell cultures. METHODS: The experiments were performed on two cell lines, rat pulp cells (RPC-C2A) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC5). Samples of the adhesives were light-cured and placed in culture medium for 24 hours. The extraction media was applied on the RPC-C2A and the MRC5 cells. Complete medium was used as a control. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with a modified sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay after 24 hours of exposure. RESULTS: The cell survival of RPC-C2A cells exposed to Fuji Bond LC, NanoBond, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, ED Primer II, Admira Bond and Gluma Comfort Bond was 73%, 67%, 50%, 20%, 18% and 5% respectively, relative to the cell survival with the control medium. In the MRC5 cell line, the relative survival was 98%, 80%, 72%, 41%, 19% and 7% after exposure to NanoBond, Fuji Bond LC, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, ED Primer II, Admira Bond and Gluma Comfort Bond, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Different types of dental adhesives showed different cytotoxic effects on cells in vitro. The self-etch adhesives were superior in terms of cytotoxicity. The different cytotoxic effects of dental adhesives should be considered when selecting an appropriate adhesive for operative restorations.

Effect of dual-cured adhesive resin cements on cell proliferation of pulp and human fibroblasts.

PURPOSE: To comparatively evaluate the effects of three dual activated adhesive resin cements on cell proliferation of rat pulp cells (RPC-C2A) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC5). METHODS: The cements tested were RelyX ARC, RelyX Unicem and Panavia F. The cements were prepared according to manufacturers' instructions and placed in contact with the cells. Cell survival was estimated by the sulphorhodamine-B staining assay after 24 and 72 hours and cellular changes in morphology were examined under microscope. RESULTS: All resin cements decreased cell proliferation. The decrease observed was material- and time-dependent. Panavia F was found more potent in decreasing cell proliferation. Differences were found in the effect on cell proliferation among the materials tested, that might be associated to their clinical behavior.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of an antibacterial dentin adhesive system on established cell lines.

Clearfil Protect Bond is a new dental bonding agent recently introduced into clinical practice. It contains an antibacterial monomer that contributes to its antibacterial profile. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cytotoxic effect of Clearfil Protect Bond against three established fibroblastic cell lines, in comparison with four commonly used adhesive materials (Adper Scotchbond 1, Excite, Tyrian SPE, and One Step plus). The experiments were performed using RPC-C2A, BHK21/C13, and MRC5 cell lines. Test specimens, either cured or uncured, were placed in a culture medium and the extraction media were used as experimental material. The effect of the bonding materials was assessed by a modified sulforhodamine-B assay after 24 and 48 h of exposure. All tested agents exhibited an antiproliferative effect on cells, the effect on RPC-C2A being the most marked. Extraction media from the uncured materials were without exception highly cytotoxic. In the experiments performed using extraction medium from cured material, Clearfil Protect Bond appeared to be the least toxic material, followed by Tyrian SPE and One Step plus. Adper Scotchbond 1 and Excite exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effect. The cell survival percentage ranged between 66 and 97% for Clearfil Protect bond, 15 and 82% for Tyrian SPE, 28 and 58% for One Step plus, 2 and 28% for Excite, and 1 and 6% for Adper Scotchbond 1. Taking into consideration the limitations of an in vitro study, our results indicate that the new antibacterial dental adhesive system is suitable for clinical application.