Effects of transportation stress on quality and sensory profiles of Nile tilapia fillets

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated pre-slaughter stress and its influence on the stress indicators, quality characteristics and sensory characteristics of Nile tilapia fillets. To this end, two experiments were conducted: (1) two transportation times (60 and 240 min), with a density of 200 kg m3, were compared to control treatment fish (in which the fish were removed from the net cage and immediately euthanized); and (2) two transportation densities (100 and 400 kg m3), transported for 180 min, compared with control treatment fish. In experiment 1, the transportation time of 60 min resulted in higher levels of serum cortisol and plasma glucose compared to the transportation time of 240 min and the control. Fish fillets transported for 240 min had higher water-holding capacity, less water loss by pressure and higher levels of juiciness compared to fish transported for 60 min. Color, pH and water loss during cooking were not affected by transportation time. In experiment 2, transportation densities of 100 and 400 kg m3 did not significantly affect the stress indicators nor the instrumental quality parameters of the fillets, but fish transported at 400 kg m3 showed better visual acceptance by panellists.

Effects of transportation stress on quality and sensory profiles of Nile tilapia fillets

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated pre-slaughter stress and its influence on the stress indicators, quality characteristics and sensory characteristics of Nile tilapia fillets. To this end, two experiments were conducted: (1) two transportation times (60 and 240 min), with a density of 200 kg m3, were compared to control treatment fish (in which the fish were removed from the net cage and immediately euthanized); and (2) two transportation densities (100 and 400 kg m3), transported for 180 min, compared with control treatment fish. In experiment 1, the transportation time of 60 min resulted in higher levels of serum cortisol and plasma glucose compared to the transportation time of 240 min and the control. Fish fillets transported for 240 min had higher water-holding capacity, less water loss by pressure and higher levels of juiciness compared to fish transported for 60 min. Color, pH and water loss during cooking were not affected by transportation time. In experiment 2, transportation densities of 100 and 400 kg m3 did not significantly affect the stress indicators nor the instrumental quality parameters of the fillets, but fish transported at 400 kg m3 showed better visual acceptance by panellists.

Encurtamento pelo frio de fibras musculares oxidativas de bovinos pela técnica de NADH-TR

Bovine carcasses quickly cooled may develop a muscle contraction known as cold shortening. This process, harmful to meat texture, occurs mainly in the oxidative muscle fibers. This work was aimed at studing an analytical tool to distinguish these fibers and to evaluate, more precisely, the muscle contraction through the measurement of sarcomeres length. Longissimus dorsi muscles of 12 heifers were used as samples. Samples from one of the half carcasses were fast cooled and the samples from the others half carcasses were slowly cooled. An analytical technique based on Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide - Tetrazolium Redutase (NADH-TR) methodology was performed to measure, by microscopy, the red fibers sarcomeres lenghts. Temperature and pH drops in the samples, shear force and rib eye area were also evaluated. Results pointed out that the temperature is the main responsible for the sarcomere length in the fast cooling and that, when slow cooling is performed, the influence of this parameter is less important. These results indicate that the NADH-TR technique is able to estimate cold shortening occurrence in bovine skeletal muscles.

Carcaças bovinas resfriadas rapidamente podem apresentar uma contração muscular conhecida como encurtamento pelo frio. Esse fenômeno, prejudicial à textura da carne, ocorre principalmente nas fibras musculares oxidativas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi disponibilizar uma ferramenta analítica para distinguir essas fibras e determinar com maior precisão a contração do tecido muscular pela mensuração do comprimento dos sarcômeros. Amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi de 12 novilhas nelore foram coletadas. As amostras obtidas de uma das meias-carcaças foram submetidas a uma refrigeração rápida, e as amostras provenientes da outra meia-carcaça à refrigeração lenta. Foi testado um método analítico, baseado na técnica de coloração por Nicotinamida Adenina Dinucleotídeo - Tetrazolium Redutase (NADH-TR), para mensurar, por microscopia, o comprimento dos sarcômeros das fibras vermelhas. Foram determinadas as velocidades de queda de pH e temperatura, a área do olho de lombo (AOL) e a força de cisalhamento. Os resultados demonstraram que a temperatura é o principal fator responsável pelo comprimento do sarcômero quando a velocidade de resfriamento é rápida, sendo essa influência menor quando a queda de temperatura é mais lenta. Desta forma, demonstrou-se que a técnica de coloração com NADH-TR é capaz de detectar a ocorrência do encurtamento pelo frio nos músculos esqueléticos de bovinos.

Encurtamento pelo frio de fibras musculares oxidativas de bovinos pela técnica de NADH-TR

Bovine carcasses quickly cooled may develop a muscle contraction known as cold shortening. This process, harmful to meat texture, occurs mainly in the oxidative muscle fibers. This work was aimed at studing an analytical tool to distinguish these fibers and to evaluate, more precisely, the muscle contraction through the measurement of sarcomeres length. Longissimus dorsi muscles of 12 heifers were used as samples. Samples from one of the half carcasses were fast cooled and the samples from the others half carcasses were slowly cooled. An analytical technique based on Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide - Tetrazolium Redutase (NADH-TR) methodology was performed to measure, by microscopy, the red fibers sarcomeres lenghts. Temperature and pH drops in the samples, shear force and rib eye area were also evaluated. Results pointed out that the temperature is the main responsible for the sarcomere length in the fast cooling and that, when slow cooling is performed, the influence of this parameter is less important. These results indicate that the NADH-TR technique is able to estimate cold shortening occurrence in bovine skeletal muscles.

Carcaças bovinas resfriadas rapidamente podem apresentar uma contração muscular conhecida como encurtamento pelo frio. Esse fenômeno, prejudicial à textura da carne, ocorre principalmente nas fibras musculares oxidativas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi disponibilizar uma ferramenta analítica para distinguir essas fibras e determinar com maior precisão a contração do tecido muscular pela mensuração do comprimento dos sarcômeros. Amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi de 12 novilhas nelore foram coletadas. As amostras obtidas de uma das meias-carcaças foram submetidas a uma refrigeração rápida, e as amostras provenientes da outra meia-carcaça à refrigeração lenta. Foi testado um método analítico, baseado na técnica de coloração por Nicotinamida Adenina Dinucleotídeo - Tetrazolium Redutase (NADH-TR), para mensurar, por microscopia, o comprimento dos sarcômeros das fibras vermelhas. Foram determinadas as velocidades de queda de pH e temperatura, a área do olho de lombo (AOL) e a força de cisalhamento. Os resultados demonstraram que a temperatura é o principal fator responsável pelo comprimento do sarcômero quando a velocidade de resfriamento é rápida, sendo essa influência menor quando a queda de temperatura é mais lenta. Desta forma, demonstrou-se que a técnica de coloração com NADH-TR é capaz de detectar a ocorrência do encurtamento pelo frio nos músculos esqueléticos de bovinos.

nd for food safety / Rastreabilidade da carne bovina: uma exigência para a segurança alimentar

The increasing consumer demand for safe meat products is asking for the productive sector a continuous adaptation for quality products. The traceability program is in accordance to this perspective because it integrates the whole productive chain within a tracking system and certification. However countrywide, the existence of unequal technical capacity within the components involved in each process step is a challenge to be accomplished. Traceability is currently a necessity in order to have new markets. Thus, in this work, the authors discuss the actions taken by federal inspection and productive sector in order to attend the consumers demands with emphasis on the European Community.

A crescente exigência dos mercados consumidores por produtos cárneos de qualidade e com segurança vem exigindo do setor produtivo uma contínua adaptação. A rastreabilidade vem de encontro com esta perspectiva, uma vez que integra toda a cadeia produtiva em um sistema de monitoramento e certificação. Entretanto, a desigualdade da capacitação técnica existente nos componentes envolvidos em cada etapa do processo presentes nacionalmente é um desafio a ser vencido. A rastreabilidade é na atualidade um pré-requisito para o setor na conquista de novos mercados. Discute-se neste artigo, portanto, as ações da inspeção federal e do setor produtivo para atender as demandas dos consumidores com ênfase as da comunidade européia.