ABSTRACT
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. The whole nervous system, including visual analyzer, is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Various ocular sings can be found in both preclinical and clinical stages of HD. Specific retinal damage, namely, abnormal proteins formation, photoreceptor degeneration and retinal remodeling, has been studied in animal models. Functional changes in occipital lobe activity and its atrophy as well as degeneration of visual pathways can already be present in the early stages of the disease. Oculomotor symptoms of HD include disturbed visual fixation, slower tracking eye movements and saccades, and suppressed vestibulo-ocular reflex. Visual perceptual disorders, such as visuospatial difficulties, problems of stimulus identification and motion perception, along with decreased contrast sensitivity, have also been described. The possibility of using certain ophthalmic parameters as biomarkers of HD is being discussed.
Subject(s)
Contrast Sensitivity/physiology , Eye Movements/physiology , Huntington Disease , Vision, Low , Visual Pathways/physiopathology , Fixation, Ocular , Humans , Huntington Disease/complications , Huntington Disease/metabolism , Huntington Disease/physiopathology , Vision, Low/diagnosis , Vision, Low/etiology , Vision, Low/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Algorithm of assessment of allowable levels of the total specific activity of radionuclides in liquid medicaments and medical raw materials was worked up. The key radionuclides were Strontium-90, Caesium-134 and -137.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Cesium Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Drug Contamination , Drug Industry/standards , Pharmaceutical Preparations/radiation effects , Plant Extracts/radiation effects , Plants, Medicinal , Strontium Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Mathematics , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , RussiaABSTRACT
Most effective extraction of Cesium-137 radionuclide (near 100%) is produced by water during 48 h. The addition of salt (20 g/l) is not effective in this process.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/chemistry , Cesium Radioisotopes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Certain general problems on foundation of the hormonal regulation mechanisms during the prenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis are discussed basing on the authors' own results and on the literature data. They concern development of the hypophysis and peripheral target-glands in immaturely-bone Mammalia and fowls. The data on foundation of the endocrine glands functional activity are compared in rats and hens. The notion on a relative autonomous hormonal function of the peripheral endocrine glands at early stages of ontogenesis is motivated.
