ABSTRACT
Objective. To determine the expression of chemokine receptors in lymphocytes from thyroid nodules and peripheral blood in patients with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Patients and Methods. The study included 46 women with thyroid nodules and HT and 60 women with thyroid nodules without HT (controls) who underwent a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR5, and CRTH2 was assessed by flow cytometry in lymphocytes from FNAB samples and from peripheral blood. Results. The percentage of CRTH2+ lymphocytes was higher in nodules with HT in comparison with controls, both in FNAB samples (13.95 versus 6.7%, p = 0.008) and in peripheral blood (6.7 versus 5.13%, p = 0.047), and positively correlated with serum antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (r = 0.243; p = 0.026) and negatively correlated with thyroid volume (r = -0.346; p = 0.008). Lymphocytes from neoplastic nodules showed a higher expression of both CXCR3 and CCR5 than those from hyperplastic ones. Conclusion. Flow cytometry performed in FNAB samples may serve as a good tool in investigation of intrathyroidal expression of immunological parameters. In our study, the CRTH2 expression on thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as on lymphocytes from peripheral blood was increased in HT as compared to controls.
Subject(s)
Hashimoto Disease/diagnosis , Hashimoto Disease/immunology , Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Receptors, CCR5/metabolism , Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism , Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism , Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism , Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis , Thyroid Nodule/immunology , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Case-Control Studies , Cytokines/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Lymphocytes/pathology , Middle Aged , Receptors, CCR5/genetics , Receptors, CXCR3/genetics , Receptors, Immunologic/genetics , Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The diagnostic and prognostic role of thyroid ultrasound (TUS) in pregnant women positive for antibodies to thyroperoxidase (TPOAb) is unclear. The aim of our study was to compare the relation of ultrasound thyroid texture to the thyroid laboratory tests in pregnant women and controls. Using a semi-quantitative assessment we compared TUS in two groups of women with positive TPOAb and/or with thyroid dysfunction (TSH out of 0.06-3.67 mIU/L): 186 women in 1(st) trimester of pregnancy recruited from universal screening and 67 asymptomatic age-comparable non-pregnant non-postpartum women recruited from screening of general population (controls). Women with previous history of thyroid diseases were excluded. Only 64/131 (48.9 %) of TPOAb-positive pregnant women were TUS-positive (TUS with autoimmune pattern) in comparison with 35/49 (71.4 %) TPOAb-positive controls (p <0.011). Pregnant women had more often TSH >10.0 mIU/L if they were TPOAb-positive/TUS-positive as compared to those TPOAb-positive/TUS-negative (8/64 (12.5 %) vs. 0/67 (0 %), p = 0.009). The prevalence of preterm deliveries among TPOAb-positive women was significantly lower if TPOAb-positivity was not accompanied by TUS-positivity (2/67 (3.0 %) vs. 10/64 (15.6 %) in TPOAb-positive/TUS-positive women, p = 0.028). In conclusion, nearly half of the TPOAb-positive pregnant women did not have an autoimmune pattern in TUS. Normal TUS image in TPOAb-positive pregnant women might be a protective factor for preterm delivery.
Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/analysis , Iodide Peroxidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Iron-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Pregnancy Complications/immunology , Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Gland/immunology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/diagnostic imaging , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/immunology , Adult , Autoantigens/metabolism , Czech Republic/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Iodide Peroxidase/metabolism , Iron-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Mass Screening/methods , Organ Size , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy Complications/pathology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/pathology , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/physiopathology , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Premature Birth/etiology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Gland/physiopathology , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Nodule/immunology , Thyroid Nodule/pathology , Thyroid Nodule/physiopathology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/pathology , Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/physiopathology , Thyrotropin/blood , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Complement mannan-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies suggested that the production of MBL is stimulated by thyroid hormones. The aim of our study was to investigate this association in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Serum levels of MBL and parameters of the thyroid function were determined in 62 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 33 with Graves' disease and 47 blood donors. Follow-up measurements were performed after 6 to 24 months. MBL2 genotypes were determined using multiplex PCR and compared to 359 healthy Czech individuals. Serum levels of MBL tightly correlated with thyroid hormones, leading to strongly increased MBL levels in hyperthyroidism and decreased levels in hypothyroidism. With normalization of the thyroid function during follow-up, MBL levels decreased or increased respectively. The observed correlations were not due to MBL polymorphisms since the frequency of MBL2 polymorphisms in AITD patients was not different from the general population. We conclude that AITD are not associated with MBL polymorphisms. However, the MBL production is strongly dependent on thyroid function, regardless of the genotype.
Subject(s)
Graves Disease/blood , Hashimoto Disease/blood , Mannose-Binding Lectin/blood , Mannose-Binding Lectin/genetics , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Czech Republic , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Young AdultABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) in patients with breast and colorectal cancer and controls and to evaluate the impact of AITD on the outcome of patients with breast cancer. Serum levels of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), FT4 (free thyroxine), TPOAb (antibodies to thyroid peroxidase), TgAb (antibodies to thyroglobulin), selenium and prolactin were investigated in 210 randomly chosen women (89 with breast cancer and 72 with colorectal cancer after breast or abdominal surgery and 49 controls without oncological diseases). Eighty-four women with breast cancer were followed for a median of 136.0 months. The prevalence of positive titres of TPOAb (>60 kIU.l(-1)) was higher in the women with breast cancer as compared to positive titres in women with colorectal cancer and the controls (29.8 vs. 12.5 and 12.2%, respectively, P=0.016 and 0.036, respectively). Similarly, the prevalence of clinical, ultrasound and laboratory documented AITD was higher in women with breast cancer as compared to that in women with colorectal cancer and the controls (35.7 vs. 18.1 and 16.3%, respectively, P=0.014 and 0.029, respectively). We did not find any prognostic significance of FT4, TSH, TgAb, TPOAb, prolactin and the presence of AITD on relapse-free and overall survival among women with breast cancer. A negative prognostic significance of body mass index and serum levels of selenium on relapse-free survival was found. In conclusion, the prevalence of euthyroid AITD was higher in women with breast cancer as compared to euthyroid AITD in women with colorectal cancer and controls. The presence of AITD did not have an impact on the outcome of women with breast cancer.
