ABSTRACT
AIM: To analyze the demography, presenting clinical features, spread of the disease of retinoblastoma in patients who were treated in two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. METHODS: In this retrospective study, information of gender, age, race, presenting clinical features, findings of CT scan orbits and brain, lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration results were collected from the medical records of retinoblastoma patients diagnosed in Hospital of Universiti Sains Malaysia and General Hospital of Kuala Lumpur over a period of ten years. The data were collected in the same type of proforma from both hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were treated in both hospitals together, of whom boys and girls were almost equally affected. The mean age of children at presentation was 24.2 (range 3-84) months, 53 (82.8%) children were under 36 months old. The disease was unilateral in 39 (60.9%) patients. The most common presenting signs were leukocoria in 46 (71.8%), followed by proptosis in 21 (32.8%) patients. Routine screening of the siblings of affected children revealed retinoblastoma in 2 patients. There was intracranial extension in 8 (12.5%) and metastasis in bone marrow in 6 (9.3%) patients. CONCLUSION: Leukocoria is the most common presentation of retinoblastoma in Malaysia. However, the disease was intraocular in 40 (62.5%) and extraocular (orbital involvement, intracranial and distant metastasis) in 24 (37.5%) patients.
ABSTRACT
Following the oral administration of acetone extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seeds for 15 days is male rats, total protein concentration was found to be significantly decreased in testes and vas deferens and increased in seminal vesicles and prostate gland. There was a decrease in activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase in all these regions, except that alkaline phosphatase was unchanged in vasa. In female rats, oral administration of the extract for 10 days led to vaginal cornification and oestrus cycle. While moderate doses caused increase in weight of mammary glands, higher doses increased the weight of oviduct, endometrium, myometrium, cervix and vagina also. The results confirm the oestrogenic activity of the seed extract.
Subject(s)
Ferula , Genitalia/drug effects , Plants, Medicinal , Plants, Toxic , Animals , Estrus/drug effects , Female , Genitalia/anatomy & histology , Genitalia/metabolism , Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology , Genitalia, Female/drug effects , Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology , Genitalia, Male/drug effects , Genitalia, Male/metabolism , Male , Organ Size/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Proteins/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The effect of acetone extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., seeds at different dose levels (50/ug, 150/ug and 250/ug/100gm body wt.) on mammary glands and oviducts of castrated rats was investigated. The extract was found to increase nucleic acids and protein concentration as well as the organ weights in both the tissues. The medium and high doses were very effective. The results confirm the estrogenic nature of the seed extract.