A Targeted Review of Current Progress, Challenges and Future Perspective of g-C3 N4 based Hybrid Photocatalyst Toward Multidimensional Applications.

The increasing demand for searching highly efficient and robust technologies in the context of sustainable energy production totally rely onto the cost-effective energy efficient production technologies. Solar power technology in this regard will perceived to be extensively employed in a variety of ways in the future ahead, in terms of the combustion of petroleum-based pollutants, CO2 reduction, heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the formation of unlimited and sustainable hydrogen gas production. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is regarded as potentially sustainable solution in this context. g-C3 N4 is classified as non-metallic semiconductor to overcome this energy demand and enviromental challenges, because of its superior electronic configuration, which has a median band energy of around 2.7 eV, strong photocatalytic stability, and higher light performance. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3 N4 is perceived to be inadequate, owing to its small surface area along with high rate of charge recombination. However, various synthetic strategies were applied in order to incorporate g-C3 N4 with different guest materials to increase photocatalytic performance. After these fabrication approaches, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced owing to generation of photoinduced electrons and holes, by improving light absorption ability, and boosting surface area, which provides more space for photocatalytic reaction. In this review, various metals, non-metals, metals oxide, sulfides, and ferrites have been integrated with g-C3 N4 to form mono, bimetallic, heterojunction, Z-scheme, and S-scheme-based materials for boosting performance. Also, different varieties of g-C3 N4 were utilized for different aspects of photocatalytic application i. e., water reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and photodegradation of dye pollutants, etc. As a consequence, we have assembled a summary of the latest g-C3 N4 based materials, their uses in solar energy adaption, and proper management of the environment. This research will further well explain the detail of the mechanism of all these photocatalytic processes for the next steps, as well as the age number of new insights in order to overcome the current challenges.

Enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting from an assembly of donor-π-acceptor conjugated polymeric carbon nitride.

Well-organized water splitting semiconducting photocatalyst is an important concept, but stimulating aimed at decisive energy and environmental emergencies. In this context, visible light-based photocatalytic water splitting with low-dimensional semiconducting materials is proposed to produce sustainable energy. Here we optimized the sequential of organic electron-rich heterocyclic monomer namely benzothiadiazole (BTD) quenched within polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) semiconductor via copolymerization, thereby assembling a sanctum of donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) photocatalysts. The selection of BTD is based on the benzene ring, which consequently anticipating a π cross-linker unit for hydrogen and oxygen evolution. A hydrogen evolution rates (HER) of 88.2 µmol/h for pristine PCN and 744.2 µmol/h for PCN-BTD008 (eight times higher than pure PCN) are observed. Additionally, a remarkable apparent quantum yield (AQY) of about 58.6% at 420 nm has been observed for PCN-BTD008. Likewise, the oxygen evolution rate (OER) data reflect the generation of 0.2 µmol/h1 (visible) and 1.6 µmol/h1 (non-visible) for pure PCN. Though, OER of PCN-BTD008 is found to be 2.2 µmol/h1 (visible) and 14.8 µmol/h1 (non-visible), which are economically better than pure PCN. As such, the results show an important step toward modifying the design and explain a vital part of the D-π-A scheme at a balanced theme for fruitful photocatalysts intended for future demand.

Towards a Leadless Wirelessly Controlled Intravenous Cardiac Pacemaker.

OBJECTIVE: Traditional lead-based cardiac pacemakers suffer from lead-related complications including lead fracture, lead dislodgement, and venous obstruction. Modern leadless pacemakers mitigate the complications, but since they are implanted inside the heart with a small battery, their limited battery lifetime necessities device replacement within the patient's lifetime. This paper presents a leadless and batteryless, wirelessly powered intravenous cardiac pacemaker that can potentially mitigate both problems. METHODS: Wireless power is transferred at 13.56 MHz in bursts between the pacemaker modules to achieve sufficient power over the required distance for wireless pacing. The pacemaker stimulation module is designed to fit within the anatomical constraints of a cardiac vein, consume low power, apply greater than 5 V stimulation and comply with FCC SAR regulations. The module is primarily implemented in CMOS technology to achieve extreme system miniaturization. RESULTS: Ex-vivo pacing capability was demonstrated with a system that can apply 5 V stimulation, consume 1 mW power, and operate up to 2.5 cm TX and RX separation. An in-vivo experiment verified the pacemaker functionality by increasing the heartbeat of Yorkshire pig from 64 bpm to 100 bpm. CONCLUSION: This work establishes that intravascular cardiac pacing can be achieved that can mitigate lead and battery-related complications. SIGNIFICANCE: This study has a potential to advance leadless and wirelessly powered pacemaker technology.

Virtual Reality Fitness (VRF) for Behavior Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mediation Analysis Approach.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, cellphone health apps and virtual reality fitness for treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson's were beneficial. Virtual reality has been used to treat PTSD, depression, anxieties, dementia, ADHD, dyslexia, and pain control in various settings. Virtual reality exercise has been studied for its effects on biological, mental, rehabilitation, behavior, and attitude management. PURPOSE: This research aimed to find out the role of virtual reality fitness (VRF) for behavior management during the COVID-19 pandemic concerning the demographic characteristics of the study participants and the use of fitness and health apps. METHODS: The population for the current study was Chinese residents across China who were in home isolation during the early pandemic in China. According to the study objective, a convenience sampling method was used to collect the primary data through an online survey. SPSS-25 statistical software was used to analyze the demographic information and clean and prepare the data to test all proposed hypotheses. The proposed research framework was examined using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach through SmartPLS 3.0 software. RESULTS: The structural equation model analysis shows that all the proposed hypotheses (H1: ß = 0.137, t = 10.454, p = <0.000; H2: ß = 0.256, t = 16.824, p = <0.000; H3: ß = 0.418, t = 27.827, p = <0.000; H4: ß = 0.133, t = 8.913, p = <0.000; H5: ß = 0.076, t = 4.717, p = <0.000; H6: ß = 0.162, t = 10.532, p = <0.000; H7: ß = 0.384, t = 26.645, p = <0.000) are confirmed. CONCLUSION: Fitness and health apps with virtual reality fitness play a substantial role in improving the overall quality of life and positively influencing behavior and attitude.

Wireless Pacing Using an Asynchronous Three-Tiered Inductive Power Transfer System.

Despite numerous advancements in pacemaker technology for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders, lead-related complications associated with these devices continue to compromise patient safety and survival. In this work, we present a system architecture that has the capacity to deliver power to a wireless, batteryless intravascular pacer. This was made possible through a three-tiered, dual-sub-system, four-coil design, which operates on two different frequencies through intermittent remote-controlled inductive power transfer. System efficiency was enhanced using coil design optimization, and validated using numerical simulations and experimental analysis. Our pacemaker design was concepted to achieve inductive power transfer over a 55 mm range to a microscale pacer with a 3 mm diameter. Thus, the proposed system design enabled long-range wireless power transfer to a small implanted pacer with the capacity for intravascular deployment to the anterior cardiac vein. This proposed stent-like fixation mechanism can bypass the multitude of complications associated with pacemaker wires while wireless power can eliminate the need for repeated procedures for battery replacement.