ABSTRACT
A novel actinobacterial strain ST13(T) isolated from soil near wastewater treatment facilities of an electroplating plant was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Cells of this organism were non-sporulating, and were irregular coccoid to comma shaped. The peptidoglycan of strain ST13(T) contained glutamic acid, serine, alanine, glycine and lysine, and represented the peptidoglycan type A4α. The whole-cell sugars contained ribose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H(4)). The major fatty acid was iso-C(16:0). The polar lipid contained phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ST13(T) fell within the radius of the family Dermacoccaceae, and its closest neighbor was Luteipulveratus mongoliensis MN07-A0370(T) (95.1%). However, strain ST13(T) did not make a coherent clade with members of the recognized organisms. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of this actinobacterium, a novel genus and species, Flexivirga alba gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of F. alba is ST13(T) (= NBRC 107580(T) = DSM 24460(T)).
Subject(s)
Actinobacteria/classification , RNA, Bacterial , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Soil Microbiology , Actinobacteria/genetics , Actinobacteria/isolation & purification , DNA, Bacterial , Electroplating , Waste Disposal, FluidABSTRACT
We examined the biological activities present in Streptomyces strains preserved at the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Biological Resource Center, and found a metabolite of Streptomyces roseolilacinus NBRC 12815 that showed a potent anti-tyrosinase activity. The compounds with anti-tyrosinase activity were purified by several chromatographic procedures. Final HPLC analysis revealed at least two anti-tyrosinase compounds with different retention times (12815A and B). The identification of two anti-tyrosinase compounds was performed with instrumental analysis and database search. The results obtained suggest that the active compounds are SF 2583A and B. Compound 12815A (IC(50) values; about 9 microM) showed more potent tyrosinase inhibition than compound 12815B (IC(50) values; about 1086 microM). The only structural difference between 12815A and B is the presence of an additional chloric atom. In addition, the activity of 12815A was markedly decreased under acidic conditions, resulting in irreversible inactivation. However, the inactivated 12815A still exhibited residual activity when exposed to detergent, Tween 80. These results suggest that the chlorine and the hydration water are very important in the exertion of anti-tyrosinase activity by 12815A.
Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Streptomyces/metabolism , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chemical Phenomena , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Stability , Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Melanins/biosynthesis , Mice , Molecular ConformationABSTRACT
Penicillium strains (n=394) preserved at NBRC (the NITE Biological Resource Center) were compared as to groupings (11 species-clusters) based on phylogeny and the production of bioactive compounds. The strains in two clusters, of which P. chrysogenum and P. citrinum are representative, showed higher rates of positive strains with multi-biological activities.
Subject(s)
Penicillium/classification , Penicillium/metabolism , Phylogeny , Aspergillus/genetics , Aspergillus/metabolism , Biological Assay , Japan , Penicillium/geneticsABSTRACT
About 800 strains of actinomycetes were isolated from marine environments around Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The isolates were compared with taxa and biological activities of their secondary metabolites. It is suggested that a variety of actinomycetes are isolated from different marine environments.
Subject(s)
Actinobacteria/isolation & purification , Geologic Sediments/microbiology , Water Microbiology , Actinobacteria/classification , Ecosystem , Japan , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Three hundred sixty-six Aspergillus strains preserved at the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) were compared as to phylogenetic relationships (11 species-clusters) based on the DNA sequences of the D1/D2 domains of LSU rRNA and ITS regions, including the 5.8S rRNA and biological activities of their secondary metabolites. The results showed relatively well correlation between the phylogenetic distribution and the production of bioactive compounds, especially, antimicrobial activities.
Subject(s)
Aspergillus/genetics , Aspergillus/metabolism , Phylogeny , Aspergillus/classification , DNA, Fungal/geneticsABSTRACT
The taxonomic distribution of Streptomyces species capable of producing bioactive compounds was investigated. Nine hundred and six strains were tested for the following four biological activities: antimicrobial, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and hemolytic. Approximately 30% of strains tested showed antimicrobial activities, except for anti-Escherichia coli activity, which was present in only a few strains, while the rates of positivity for the anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities were much lower. The distribution of Streptomyces strains capable of producing bioactive compounds was analyzed by the taxonomy based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Moreover, the strains of Streptomyces hygroscopicus tested were divided into two clades in the phylogenetic tree, and all of the strains belonging to one clade showed antibacterial and antifungal activities. For detection of polyenes, the UV-visible spectra of metabolic extracts in the strains showing antifungal activities were measured. It was suggested that Streptomyces strains produce universal active compounds under different growth conditions. Further information on the relationship between the microbial taxonomy and the bioactive compounds produced would be useful for the utilization of industrial microorganisms.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Antifungal Agents/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , Hemolytic Agents/metabolism , Peptides/metabolism , Streptomyces/classification , Streptomyces/metabolism , Animals , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Erythrocytes/microbiology , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Rabbits , Streptomyces/genetics , Streptomyces/isolation & purification , United States , United States Government Agencies/organization & administrationABSTRACT
A new indole-diterpene, JBIR-03 (1), was isolated from the fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii var. cejpii NBRC 103559 and its structure was determined based on the spectroscopic data. 1 exhibited anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) activity and antifungal activity against apple Valsa canker-causing fungus, Valsa ceratosperma, while it exhibited no toxicity towards human cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Ascomycota/chemistry , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Indoles/pharmacology , Methicillin Resistance , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Fungi/drug effects , Indoles/isolation & purification , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Conformation , Mycelium/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
A new member of the piericidin family, JBIR-02, was isolated from mycelium of Streptomyces sp. ML55 together with two known piericidin derivatives, piericidin A(1) and IT-143-B. The structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. JBIR-02 inhibited nuclear export of beta-arrestin in HeLa cells at the concentration of 20 microM.
Subject(s)
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Pyridines/chemistry , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyridones/pharmacology , Streptomyces , HeLa Cells/drug effects , Humans , Spectrum AnalysisABSTRACT
A new polypropionate alloaureothin (1) possessing a nitro group, together with a known polypropionate aureothin (2), was isolated from mycelium of Streptomyces sp. MM23. The structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. 1 exhibited growth inhibitory effect against human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells with an IC50 value of 30 microM.
