Factores asociados a violencia doméstica en mujeres mexicanas vistas en primer nivel atención / Intimate partner violence and family dysfunction among Mexican women seen a Primary Care Unit

Objetivos. Evaluar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo de violencia doméstica (VD) en mujeres que asistieron a una unidad de medicina de familia en Tijuana, México. Métodos. Se entrevistaron a 297 mujeres y se aplicaron 2 escalas validadas: violencia e índice de severidad y el APGAR familiar para evaluar VD y funcionalidad familiar. Resultados. La edad promedio (±DE) fue de 40,6 ± 13,8 años y 120 (40,4%) mujeres tuvieron VD: 47 (15,8%) violencia psicológica; 31 (10,4%) violencia sexual y 77 (25,9%) física y en 19 (6,4%) fueron acciones que pusieron en peligro la vida de las mujeres. La causas más comunes de violencia doméstica que refirieron las mujeres fue que su pareja se había puesto celoso o sospechaba de sus amistades (37,4%). Veintidós (7,4%) de las mujeres con violencia doméstica refirieron que sí habían buscado ayuda. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de VD fue alta y se asoció con la escolaridad de la pareja y la funcionalidad familiar (AU)

Objective. To assess the prevalence and risk factors for intimate-partner violence (IPV) in women who attended a Family Medicine Unit in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods. A total of 297 women were interviewed and evaluated using two validated scales: violence and severity index and family APGAR to assess family functioning and IPV respectively. Results. The mean age (± SD) was 40.6 ± 13.8 years, and 120 (40.4%) women had suffered IPV: 47 (15.8%) psychological violence; 31 (10.4%) sexual violence; 77 (25.9%) physical violence, and in 19 (6.4%) there were actions that threatened the lives of women. The most common causes of domestic violence were women who reported that their partner had been jealous, or suspicion from friends (37.4%). Twenty two (7.4%) of the women with domestic violence reported that they had sought help. Conclusions. The prevalence of IPV was high and associated with the education level of the couple and family functioning (AU)

[Intimate partner violence and family dysfunction among Mexican women seen a Primary Care Unit]. / Factores asociados a violencia doméstica en mujeres mexicanas vistas en primer nivel atención.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for intimate-partner violence (IPV) in women who attended a Family Medicine Unit in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: A total of 297 women were interviewed and evaluated using two validated scales: violence and severity index and family APGAR to assess family functioning and IPV respectively. RESULTS: The mean age (± SD) was 40.6±13.8 years, and 120 (40.4%) women had suffered IPV: 47 (15.8%) psychological violence; 31 (10.4%) sexual violence; 77 (25.9%) physical violence, and in 19 (6.4%) there were actions that threatened the lives of women. The most common causes of domestic violence were women who reported that their partner had been jealous, or suspicion from friends (37.4%). Twenty two (7.4%) of the women with domestic violence reported that they had sought help. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IPV was high and associated with the education level of the couple and family functioning.

Riesgo de pie diabético en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una unidad de medicina de familia / Diabetic foot risk in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a family medicine unit

Objetivo: Conocer el riesgo para desarrollar pie diabético en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con DM2 con una evolución ≥ 5 a˜nos que acudieron a la consulta externa en una Unidad de Medicina Familiar en Tijuana (México) durante septiembre a diciembre de 2011. Se aplicó el cuestionario síntomas de neuropatía diabética (SND) y se evaluó la sensibilidad con el monofilamento de Semmes-Weinstein. Se consideró paciente de alto riesgo para pie diabético si tuvo pérdida de la sensibilidad, deformidad en pies o ausencia de pulsos pedios. Resultados: Se estudiaron 205 pacientes, con una edad y evolución de la DM promedio (± DE) de 59 ± 10 y 10,7 ± 6,7 a˜nos, respectivamente. Noventa y un pacientes (44%) tuvieron alto riesgo para desarrollar pie diabético, y este se asoció con escolaridad menor de 6 a˜nos (OR: 2,3; IC 95%: 1,1-4,1), evolución de la DM mayor a 10 a˜nos (OR: 5,1; IC 95%: 2,8-9,4), sexo femenino (OR: 2,0; IC 95%: 1,1-3,6), ingreso mensual familiar < 236 euros (OR: 2,0; IC 95%: 1,1-3,8) y una hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) ≥ 7,0% (OR: 2,8; IC 95%: 1,5-5,0). Conclusiones: Es necesario que a todo paciente con DM que acude a su clínica familiar se le realice anualmente exploración para la detección temprana de neuropatía diabética debido al alto riesgo de desarrollo de pie diabético (AU)

Objective: To determine the risk of diabetic foot in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) seen in a Family Medicine Unit. Methods: The study included type II DM patients with a disease duration ≥ 5 years seen in a Family Medicine Unit, Tijuana, Mexico, during September-December 2011. Neuropathy was assessed with the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom questionnaire, and pressure sensation using a 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. A patient had a high risk of diabetic foot if there was sensitivity loss, foot deformities, and non-palpable pedal pulses. Results: We studied 205 patients with an average (± SD) age and DM duration of 59 ± 10 years and 10.7 ± 6.7 years, respectively. Ninety one patients (44%) had a high risk of developing diabetic foot, and it was associated with; an education of less than 6 years (OR 2.3; 95% CI: 1-1-4.1), DM disease duration ≥ 10 years (OR 5.1; 95% CI: 2.8-9.4), female gender (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.6), monthly familiar income < 236 euros (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8), and a glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 7.0% (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5-5.0). Conclusions: It is necessary that all DM patients seen in a family medicine clinic have a yearly screening for the early detection of diabetic neuropathy, since they have a high risk of diabetic foot (AU)

[Diabetic foot risk in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a family medicine unit]. / Riesgo de pie diabético en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo2 en una unidad de medicina de familia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of diabetic foot in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) seen in a Family Medicine Unit. METHODS: The study included type II DM patients with a disease duration ≥ 5 years seen in a Family Medicine Unit, Tijuana, Mexico, during September-December 2011. Neuropathy was assessed with the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom questionnaire, and pressure sensation using a 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. A patient had a high risk of diabetic foot if there was sensitivity loss, foot deformities, and non-palpable pedal pulses. RESULTS: We studied 205 patients with an average (± SD) age and DM duration of 59 ± 10 years and 10.7 ± 6.7 years, respectively. Ninety one patients (44%) had a high risk of developing diabetic foot, and it was associated with; an education of less than 6 years (OR 2.3; 95%CI: 1-1-4.1), DM disease duration ≥ 10 years (OR 5.1; 95%CI: 2.8-9.4), female gender (OR 2.0; 95%CI: 1.1-3.6), monthly familiar income <236 euros (OR 2.0; 95%CI: 1.1-3.8), and a glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 7.0% (OR 2.8; 95%CI: 1.5-5.0). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary that all DM patients seen in a family medicine clinic have a yearly screening for the early detection of diabetic neuropathy, since they have a high risk of diabetic foot.