Repeated anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis coexisting with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases: A case report.

The coexistence of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)-associated diseases has been reported. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with repeated typical anti-NMDAR encephalitis coexisting with unusual symptoms not consistent with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Apart from the anti-NMDAR encephalitis, her first episode was characterized by balance disability with bilateral medial frontal cortical lesions, suggesting the involvement of the cortico-reticular projections and the basal ganglia-brainstem projections. The second episode presented with Broca's aphasia caused by involvement of the Broca's area and lower part of the precentral gyrus. The detection of MOG-Ab in both episodes suggested the coexistence of MOG-Ab-associated diseases. Thus, an evaluation of MOG-Ab should be considered when anti-NMDAR encephalitis presenting with atypical symptoms is encountered.

Clinical significance of assaying anti-MOG antibody in cerebrospinal fluid in MOG-antibody-associated diseases: A case report.

The serum diagnosis of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) associated diseases can be confirmed by the presence of the MOG-Ab, yet its levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are of unknown significance. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a history of 12 recurrent central nervous system lesions in the optic nerve, cerebrum, and spinal cord. The woman's condition improved by each steroid therapy. She tested seronegative for MOG-Ab, yet CSF-positive, leading to a diagnosis of MOG-Ab-associated encephalomyelitis. Our experience suggests measuring MOG-Ab in CSF and serum to prevent the underdiagnosis of MOG-Ab-associated diseases.