ABSTRACT
The humoral immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern elicited by vaccination was evaluated in COVID-19 recovered individuals (Rec) separated 1-3 months (Rec2m) or 4-12 months (Rec9m) postinfection and compared to the response in naïve participants. Antibody-mediated immune responses were assessed in 66 participants by three commercial immunoassays and a SARS-CoV-2 lentiviral-based pseudovirus neutralization assay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike were lower in naïve participants after two doses than in Rec after a single dose (p < 0.05). After two doses in Rec, levels of total Ig to receptor-binding domain were significantly increased in Rec9m compared to Rec2m (p < 0.001). The neutralizing potency observed in Rec9m was consistently higher than in Rec2m against variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Delta, and BA.1 sublineage of Omicron with 2.2-2.8-fold increases. Increasing the interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the vaccination with messenger RNA-based vaccines to more than 3 months generates a more efficient heterologous humoral immune response against VOCs by allowing enough time to mount a strong recall memory B cell response.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , mRNA Vaccines , Biological Assay , Vaccination , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Antibodies, Viral , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/geneticsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Trabajadores con estado nutricional perjudicial presentan mayor tasa de absentismo, aumento del gasto de empresa y disminución de la productividad. Sería óptimo intervenir en el lugar de trabajo ya que empleamos un tercio del tiempo en él. Objetivos: Valorar la repercusión y la efectividad de programas de promoción de la salud en el estado nutricional de la población activa en los últimos cinco años. Fuentes de datos: Se recogieron estudios de Medline, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane y SCOPUS ajustándose a la PICO. Criterios de inclusión y exclusión: Se incluyen trabajadores mayores de 18 años indistintamente del puesto de trabajo. Se excluyen trabajadores con Índice de Masa Corporal mayor de 30, enfermos y/o con intervenciones farmacológicas. Evaluación y métodos de síntesis: Se realizó una síntesis de los artículos recogido en una tabla y un resumen narrativo. Resultados: Veintisiete (n=72632) fueron los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Nueve de los estudios que analizaban programas de nutrición mostraron diferencias. La modificación del ejercicio físico conseguía resultados positivos en siete de los estudios. La sinergia de nutrición y actividad física obtenía resultados significativos en dos de ellos respecto al grupo control. Las mujeres presentan mayor adherencia. Conclusiones: Se propone llevar a cabo diseños protocolizados de mayor duración, intervenciones con objetivos definidos y validados, además de una adecuada evaluación de los datos para aumentar la calidad. Limitaciones: Los datos de reclutamiento y la descripción de las intervenciones fueron de baja calidad. La ausencia de datos cuantitativos impide la realización de metaanálisis
Background: Workers with a harmful nutritional status present a higher rate of absenteeism, which implies an increase in the business expenses and a decline in productivity. An intervention at the workplace would be optimal since about a third of our time is spent there. Objectives: Assessing the repercussion and the efficacy of health promotion programs on the nutritional status of the working population in the last five years. Data sources: Studies from Medline, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane and SCOPUS were collected, consistent with PICO system (problem, intervention, comparison and outcome). Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Workers from 18 years old are included, regardless of their workplace or job. Workers with a body-mass index higher than 30, sick people or people with a pharmacological intervention are excluded. Evaluation and synthesis methods: A synthesis of the articles was conducted and collected in a table, as well as a narrative summary. Results: Twenty-seven (n=72632) were the number of studies which met the inclusion criteria. Nine of the studies analysing nutrition programs showed differences. The modification of the physical exercise routine resulted in positive results in seven of the studies. The synergy of nutrition and physical activity improvements obtained significant results in two of them in relation to the control group. Women exhibited a bigger adherence. Conclusions: It is proposed to conduct protocolized studies of longer duration, interventions with defined and validated objectives, besides an appropriate evaluation of the data to improve the quality. Limitations: The recruitment data and the description of the interventions were of low-quality. The absence of quantitative data prevents the reporting of meta-analysis
