ABSTRACT
Hypoglycemic disorders are rare in persons without diabetes, and clinical evaluation to identify its etiology can be challenging. We present a case of insulin autoimmune syndrome induced by carbimazole in a middle-aged Chinese man with underlying Graves' disease, which was managed conservatively with a combination of dietary modification and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
Subject(s)
Antithyroid Agents , Autoimmune Diseases , Carbimazole , Graves Disease , Humans , Male , Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced , Graves Disease/drug therapy , Graves Disease/immunology , Carbimazole/therapeutic use , Antithyroid Agents/adverse effects , Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Insulin , Insulin Antibodies/blood , Syndrome , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Context: Ketogenic diet has recently made a comeback as a part of lifestyle and dietary modifications in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite studies suggesting its beneficial effects in reversing hormonal imbalance in women with PCOS, evidence has been patchy and derived from small populations under varying conditions. Objective: To pool evidence from clinical trials to study the effects of ketogenic diet on reproductive hormones (LH/FSH ratio, free testosterone, serum progesterone) and observe evidence of weight change. Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science core collection were searched for clinical trials evaluating the effects of ketogenic diet in established PCOS women consistent with the Rotterdam classification. Single- or double-arm studies that included an outcome of interest were included. Two investigators worked independently to screen potential articles and a designated investigator extracted data on study characteristics and evaluated the outcomes. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Following ≥45 days of intervention with ketogenic diet among women with PCOS, significant improvement was observed in reproductive hormone levels, with reduced LH/FSH ratio (d -0.851; 95% CI -1.015, -0.686; P < .001), reduced serum free testosterone (d -0.223; 95% CI -0.328, -0.119; P < .001), and an increased in serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (d 9.086; 95% CI 3.379, 14.792; P = .002). Significant weight loss was unanimously observed in all included studies (d -11.56; 95% CI -14.97, -8.15; P < .001). Conclusion: Short-term ketogenic diet potentially improved hormonal imbalances commonly associated with PCOS.
