Spores of lichen-forming fungi in the mycoaerosol and their relationships with climate factors.

Fungal particulates are a dominant component of the bioaerosol, but aerobiological studies traditionally focused on a limited set of fungi having relevance as allergens or plant pathogens. This study first analyzes the occurrence of lichen meiospores in the mycoaerosol, quantitatively evaluating in the atmosphere of an alpine environment the occurrence of polar diblastic spores, unequivocally attributable to the lichen family Teloschistaceae. The analysis of air-samples collected one week per month for one year with a Hirst-type sampler displayed a low percentage occurrence of polar-diblastic spores (<0.1%) with respect to the whole mycoaerosol, dominated by Cladosporium. Spearman's correlation tests on aerobiological and climatic data highlighted a strong relationship between the detection of Teloschistaceae spores and rainfall events, excluding seasonal patterns or daily rhythms of dispersion. The fact that all the air-sampled spores were attributable to the species of Teloschistaceae occurring in the site, together with laboratory observations of predominant short range dispersal patterns for polar diblastic and other lichen spores, indicated that sexual reproduction is mostly involved in the local expansion of colonization, dispersal from a long distance appearing a less probable phenomenon. These findings indicated that responses of lichen communities to climate factors, usually related to physiological processes, also depend on their influence on meiospore dispersal dynamics. Spatial limitations in dispersal, however, have to be taken into account in evaluating lichen distributional shifts as indicators of environmental changes.

Long-term survival data of triple modality treatment of stage IIB-III-IVA cervical cancer with the combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hyperthermia - an update.

BACKGROUND: Advanced cervical cancer is routinely treated with radiotherapy and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Hyperthermia has been shown to improve the results of both radiotherapy and cisplatin. The feasibility of the combination of all three modalities was demonstrated and reported in a study of 68 previously untreated cervical cancer patients in 2005. Long-term follow-up is presented here. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with advanced cervical cancer were prospectively registered in the USA, Norway and the Netherlands, and treated with a combination of radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy for a biologically effective dose of at least 86.7 Gy), chemotherapy (at least four courses of weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m(2))) and locoregional hyperthermia (four weekly sessions). Long-term follow-up was gathered and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) curves and survival estimates were obtained. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 81 months. Tumours in 28 patients have recurred, 21 of whom have died. Five-year RFS from the day of registration in the study is 57.5% (95%CI: 46.6-71.0) and five-year OS is 66.1% (95%CI: 55.1-79.3). Differences between countries can be explained by patient characteristics. CONCLUSION: The long-term survival results of the combination of full-dose radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hyperthermia fall well within previous reports for this patient group in randomised trials. The small trial size and lack of randomisation do not permit further interpretation.

Effects of hydrophobic treatments of stone on pore water studied by continuous distribution analysis of NMR relaxation times.

The effects of protective hydrophobic products applied to porous media such as stone or mortar vary greatly with the product, the porous medium, and the mode of application. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements on fluids in the pore spaces of both treated and untreated samples can give information on the contact of the fluid with the internal surfaces, which is affected by all the above factors. Continuous distributions of relaxation times T(1) and T(2) of water in the pores of both synthetic and natural porous media were obtained before and after hydrophobic treatment. The synthetic porous media are ceramic filter materials characterized by narrow distributions of pore dimensions and show that the treatment does not produce large changes in the relaxation times of the water. For three travertine samples most of a long relaxation time component, presumably from the largest pores, remains after treatment, while the amplitude of an intermediate component is greatly reduced. For three pudding-stone samples, treatment leads to a substantial loss from the long component and an even greater loss from the intermediate component.