Mothers' resilience and potential for disrupted parenting in COVID-19: The protective effect of cognitive reappraisal.

Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic may pose acute threats to caregivers' capacity to cope and result in problematic parenting. However, studies have suggested that some caregivers were able to maintain high resilience when facing hardship. The goal of the present study was to examine how COVID-19-related stress affects resilience and parenting of mothers with young children and whether mothers' individual differences in emotion regulation skills lead to different resilience and parenting outcomes. We followed a sample of 298 mothers in the United States with children between 0 and 3 years old over 9 months beginning in April 2020 when most states were on lockdown. Results indicated that both COVID-19-related stress in April 2020 and greater increases/smaller decreases of COVID-19-related stress across 9 months were associated with mothers' lower resilience in January 2021. Low resilience, in turn, was associated with mothers' higher parenting stress, perceptions of parenting incompetence, and risk for child abuse. Furthermore, for mothers with low and moderate levels of cognitive reappraisal, a greater increase/smaller decrease in COVID-19-related stress was associated with their lower resilience after 9 months. In contrast, for mothers with high cognitive reappraisal, the change in COVID-19-related stress was not related to their resilience. This study demonstrates the importance of cognitive reappraisal for mothers of young children to resist and thrive against chronic and uncontrollable external stressors, which are crucial to preventing mothers' child abuse potential and maintaining positive parenting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Developmental antecedents of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in middle childhood: The role of father-child interactions and children's emotional underregulation.

The present study examined the influence of fathers' parenting quality during infancy on children's emotion regulation during toddlerhood and, subsequently, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in middle childhood. Fathers and their 8-month-old infants (N = 124) were followed over time to obtain home observations of parenting quality at 8 and 24 months, laboratory observations of children's emotion regulation at 24 months, and teacher reports of children's ADHD symptoms at 7 years. A path analysis revealed that fathers' emotional disengagement in infancy and minimizing responses to children's distress in toddlerhood forecast children's development of ADHD symptoms in middle childhood. Further, a significant indirect effect was found such that fathers' parenting at 8 and 24 months predicted subsequent development of ADHD symptoms at age 7 through toddlers' difficulty regulating emotion. Implications of this study for early intervention and directions for future research are discussed.

Parent-mediated intervention training for caregivers of children with developmental differences in Zambia.

BACKGROUND: Lower- and middle-income countries (LAMICs) are under-resourced and have limited intervention services for children with developmental differences and their families. A logical method to address service gaps within resource-scarce contexts is to train caregivers as interventionists, specifically using empirically-supported parent-mediated Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (P-M NDBIs; Kasari et al., 2010; Ingersoll & Wainer, 2013). AIMS: The study implemented the first P-M NDBI in Zambia and aimed to train caregivers and improve children's social-communication skills. METHODS/PROCEDURES: The current study utilized a mixed-methods, pre-post design and implemented Project ImPACT (Ingersoll & Dvortcsak, 2010, 2019). Participants included 19 Zambian caregivers of children (n = 20) with developmental differences including autism spectrum condition, Down syndrome, and cerebral palsy. OUTCOMES/RESULTS: Findings indicated that children's language skills and pretend play skills significantly improved from pre- to post-assessment, and caregivers most frequently used intervention strategies for modeling communication and prompting communication. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The success and feasibility of implementing Project ImPACT in Zambia, and recommendations for culturally adapting and implementing P-M NDBIs in LAMICs, were discussed.

Participación de la mujer a nivel societario e institucional en la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología / Participation of women at the societal and institutional level in the Argentine Association of Orthopedics and Traumatology

Objetivo: Analizar la representación de la mujer a nivel societario dentro de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología (AAOT). Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo analizando datos obtenidos del período entre el 1 de enero de 2015 y el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Se evaluó la proporción de mujeres que son miembros de la AAOT y su participación a nivel institucional, jerárquico y académico. Resultados: La mujer representa el 10,6% de todos los miembros de la AAOT. Doce mujeres participan activamente en los diferentes Comités de la Asociación, lo que representa un 16% del total de los integrantes. Durante el período de estudio, el 2,8% de los cargos de la Comisión Directiva fueron ocupados por mujeres. Una mujer fue Presidenta en la historia de la AAOT. En 2019, el 6,9% de los docentes que dictaron el Curso Oficial Nacional Bianual de Certificación de Ortopedia y Traumatología fueron mujeres. Conclusión: La mujer representa el 10,6% de los miembros de la AAOT. Conocer su situación dentro de la AAOT permite sentar las bases para implementar medidas orientadas a mejorar la equidad en la Ortopedia y Traumatología. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Objective: To analyze the representation of women at the societal level within the Argentine Association of Ortopedics and Traumatology (AAOT). Materials and Methods: An observational and descriptive study was conducted analyzing data obtained from the period between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. The proportion of women members of the AAOT, as well as their participation at the institutional, hierarchical, and academic levels, was assessed. Results: Women represent 10.6% of all AAOT members. Twelve women actively participate in the different Committees of the Association, which represents 16% of the total number of members. During the study period, 2.8% of the positions on the Board of Directors were held by women. In the history of the AAOT, only one woman has served as President. In 2019, women made up 6.9% of teachers who taught the Biannual Official National Orthopedics and Traumatology Certification Course. Conclusion: Women represent 10.6% of AAOT members. Knowing their situation within the AAOT allows laying the foundations to implement measures aimed at improving equity in Orthopedics and Traumatology. Level of Evidence: IV

Fathers' Sensitivity in Infancy and Externalizing Problems in Middle Childhood: The Role of Coparenting.

The present study examined the role of father sensitivity and couple coparenting quality in the first 2 years of life in relation to the development of externalizing behavior problems in middle childhood, focusing on the unique role of fathers. In this study, 125 mothers, fathers, and their first-born children were followed from 8 months to age 7 years. Paternal sensitivity was rated when infants were 8 and 24 months old. Fathers were videotaped at home playing, feeding, and changing their 8-month-old infants' clothes. They also were videotaped in a lab playing with their 24-month-olds and solving a variety of challenging tasks. At 24 months, competitive coparenting was assessed via videotaped triadic family interactions at home in which families participated in a variety of tasks (i.e., clothes change, eating a snack together and solving tasks). Teachers rated externalizing behavior problems when the children were age 7. Continuity in paternal sensitivity was documented from 8 to 24 months, and paternal sensitivity at 8 months predicted externalizing behavior in middle childhood through father sensitivity at 24 months. Moreover, paternal sensitivity at 8 months predicted competitive coparenting which, in turn, forecast externalizing behavior problems in middle childhood, even after controlling for maternal sensitivity at 8 and 24 months. These findings highlight the unique role of paternal caregiving quality during the first year of life on couple coparenting and children's subsequent development of externalizing problems and have implications for creating effective interventions to prevent children from developing externalizing disorders.

Efecto de la pandemia en las actividades laborales de nuestros asociados desde el inicio (marzo 2020) hasta la etapa posvacunación (julio 2021) / Effects of the pandemic on orthopedics and traumatology staff from its beginning (March 2020) to the post-vaccination stage (July 2021)

Introducción: El 11 de marzo de 2020, la OMS declaró la pandemia global por COVID-19 que afectó la práctica ortopédica en el mundo. Para analizar la influencia de la COVID-19 sobre la situación laboral de los socios de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología, hemos realizado tres encuestas desde el inicio (marzo 2020) hasta la etapa posvacunación (julio 2021).Los objetivos fueron determinar diferencias en la reducción relativa del trabajo (consultorios, cirugías) durante las tres fases de la pandemia: prepico, pico y etapa de vacunación, y diferenciar entre la población estudiada, cuidados de protección, actividad, testeos, infección, aislamientos, vacunación. Materiales y métodos: Encuesta prospectiva, en tres etapas, a los socios en general, autorizada por la Comisión Directiva, desde el inicio del aislamiento social obligatorio (Ro de 2,8), en el pico y posvacunación. Resultados: Se observó un bajo grado de adherencia que fue disminuyendo progresivamente entre las fases. El 6,99% había sido testeado en la primera encuesta; el 25,29%, en la segunda, y el 88,2%, luego de 6 meses. La reducción de las actividades habituales y la incorporación de la telemedicina, como una nueva forma de intercambio médico-paciente, fue la novedad en la segunda parte de la encuesta. Conclusiones: Los sistemas de protección han dado un porcentaje aceptable de confiabilidad con un alto índice de vacunación dentro de los especialistas. A pesar del riesgo y los miedos al contagio, la telemedicina no ha logrado ser una alternativa aceptaba tanto por los profesionales como por los pacientes. Palabras clave:COVID-19; encuesta; protección personal; telemedicina. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared a global pandemic due to COVID-19 that affected orthopedic practice world-wide. To analyze the influence of COVID-19 on the employment situation of the members of the Argentine Association of Orthopedics and Traumatology (AAOT), we have conducted 3 surveys from the beginning of March 2020 to the post-vaccination stage in July 2021. The objectives were to determine differences between the relative reduction of work (outpatient clinics, surgeries) during the three phases of the pandemic: pre-peak, peak, and vaccination stage and to differentiate between the studied population, protective care, activity, tests, infection, isolation, and vaccination. materials and methods: Prospective survey, in three stages, to members in general, authorized by the Board of Directors, from the beginning of compulsory social isolation (R0 2.8), through the peak and post-vaccination stages. Results: We observed a low degree of participation that progressively decreased between phases. In the first survey, 6.99% had been tested; in the second, 25.29%; and after 6 months, 88.2%. The reduction of habitual activities and the incorporation of telemedicine as a new way of doctor-patient exchange was the novelty in the second part of the survey. Conclusion: Protection systems have given an acceptable percentage of reliability with a high vaccination rate among specialists. Despite the risk and fears of contagion, telemedicine has not managed to be an alternative accepted by both professionals and patients. Level of evidence: IV

Trp53 ablation fails to prevent microcephaly in mouse pallium with impaired minor intron splicing.

Minor spliceosome inhibition due to mutations in RNU4ATAC are linked to primary microcephaly. Ablation of Rnu11, which encodes a minor spliceosome snRNA, inhibits the minor spliceosome in the developing mouse pallium, causing microcephaly. There, cell cycle defects and p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage resulted in loss of radial glial cells (RGCs), underpinning microcephaly. Here, we ablated Trp53 to block cell death in Rnu11 cKO mice. We report that Trp53 ablation failed to prevent microcephaly in these double knockout (dKO) mice. We show that the transcriptome of the dKO pallium was more similar to the control compared with the Rnu11 cKO. We find aberrant minor intron splicing in minor intron-containing genes involved in cell cycle regulation, resulting in more severely impaired mitotic progression and cell cycle lengthening of RGCs in the dKO that was detected earlier than in the Rnu11 cKO. Furthermore, we discover a potential role of p53 in causing DNA damage in the developing pallium, as detection of γH2aX+ was delayed in the dKO. Thus, we postulate that microcephaly in minor spliceosome-related diseases is primarily caused by cell cycle defects.

Loss of U11 small nuclear RNA in the developing mouse limb results in micromelia.

Disruption of the minor spliceosome due to mutations in RNU4ATAC is linked to primordial dwarfism in microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1, Roifman syndrome, and Lowry-Wood syndrome. Similarly, primordial dwarfism in domesticated animals is linked to positive selection in minor spliceosome components. Despite being vital for limb development and size regulation, its role remains unexplored. Here, we disrupt minor spliceosome function in the developing mouse limb by ablating one of its essential components, U11 small nuclear RNA, which resulted in micromelia. Notably, earlier loss of U11 corresponded to increased severity. We find that limb size is reduced owing to elevated minor intron retention in minor intron-containing genes that regulate cell cycle. As a result, limb progenitor cells experience delayed prometaphase-to-metaphase transition and prolonged S-phase. Moreover, we observed death of rapidly dividing, distally located progenitors. Despite cell cycle defects and cell death, the spatial expression of key limb patterning genes was maintained. Overall, we show that the minor spliceosome is required for limb development via size control potentially shared in disease and domestication.

Structural Health Monitoring for Jacket-Type Offshore Wind Turbines: Experimental Proof of Concept.

Structural health monitoring for offshore wind turbines is imperative. Offshore wind energy is progressively attained at greater water depths, beyond 30 m, where jacket foundations are presently the best solution to cope with the harsh environment (extreme sites with poor soil conditions). Structural integrity is of key importance in these underwater structures. In this work, a methodology for the diagnosis of structural damage in jacket-type foundations is stated. The method is based on the criterion that any damage or structural change produces variations in the vibrational response of the structure. Most studies in this area are, primarily, focused on the case of measurable input excitation and vibration response signals. Nevertheless, in this paper it is assumed that the only available excitation, the wind, is not measurable. Therefore, using vibration-response-only accelerometer information, a data-driven approach is developed following the next steps: (i) the wind is simulated as a Gaussian white noise and the accelerometer data are collected; (ii) the data are pre-processed using group-reshape and column-scaling; (iii) principal component analysis is used for both linear dimensionality reduction and feature extraction; finally, (iv) two different machine-learning algorithms, k nearest neighbor (k-NN) and quadratic-kernel support vector machine (SVM), are tested as classifiers. The overall accuracy is estimated by 5-fold cross-validation. The proposed approach is experimentally validated in a laboratory small-scale structure. The results manifest the reliability of the stated fault diagnosis method being the best performance given by the SVM classifier.

Minor spliceosome inactivation causes microcephaly, owing to cell cycle defects and death of self-amplifying radial glial cells.

Mutation in minor spliceosome components is linked to the developmental disorder microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD1). Here, we inactivated the minor spliceosome in the developing mouse cortex (pallium) by ablating Rnu11, which encodes the crucial minor spliceosome small nuclear RNA (snRNA) U11. Rnu11 conditional knockout mice were born with microcephaly, which was caused by the death of self-amplifying radial glial cells (RGCs), while intermediate progenitor cells and neurons were produced. RNA sequencing suggested that this cell death was mediated by upregulation of p53 (Trp53 - Mouse Genome Informatics) and DNA damage, which were both observed specifically in U11-null RGCs. Moreover, U11 loss caused elevated minor intron retention in genes regulating the cell cycle, which was consistent with fewer RGCs in S-phase and cytokinesis, alongside prolonged metaphase in RGCs. In all, we found that self-amplifying RGCs are the cell type most sensitive to loss of minor splicing. Together, these findings provide a potential explanation of how disruption of minor splicing might cause microcephaly in MOPD1.