The Psychodidae (Diptera) of Ja National Park (Amazonas, Brazil) with description of two new species of Psychodinae.

The Ja National Park, located in the Amazon, is the largest National Park of Brazil and still its insect fauna is barely known. Herein we describe two new species of Psychodinae, Alepia iy sp. nov. and Parasetomima timmirima sp. nov., and report 19 other species of Psychodidae, subfamilies Phlebotominae, Psychodinae and Trichomyiinae collected from this Conservation Unit. Micrommatos Quate Brown, represented by M. stephaniae Quate Brown, and Platyplastinx culmosus Quate Brown are recorded for the first time for Brazil. Among the collected phlebotomine sand fly species, three species have previously been implicated in transmission of Leishmania: Nyssomyia anduzei (Rozeboom), Psychodopygus ayrozai (Barretto Coutinho) and Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira).

Participation in Communities of Women Scientists in Central America: Implications From the Science Diplomacy Perspective.

The experience of building and participating in women scientists' communities in Central America is a multi-layered topic worthy of study. Understanding the dynamics of these women's groups, associations, and other forms of collective participation, could assist in shedding light on why women are typically under-represented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) research in countries within this region. The objectives of this study are (i) to explore the experiences of participation in communities of women scientists in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Panama, and (ii) to systematize the challenges and opportunities derived from such activities. Additionally, this work elaborates on some best practices from the Science Diplomacy (SD) perspective, which could provide a helpful framework to encourage these types of collective participatory communities. The qualitative research methodology was based on the collection of primary data from semi-structured interviews and responses to an online survey sent out to Central American women scientists. The findings of this study revealed few cases of community building experiences among women scientists within the studied countries. Evidence also showed the emergence of shared patterns in terms of barriers and disincentives to participating in such communities. Meanwhile, data collected from the few existing community groups is used to identify successful incentives and motivations. The analysis of the collected data offered relevant implications for Science Diplomacy. Most respondents referred to the Organization of Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) as one of the main organizations that can impact and further Science Diplomacy. This organization promotes international engagement and networking among women scientists from developing countries across regions and this article shows how this has been used to foster women science community building in Central America. Exploring similar practices in-depth may offer opportunities to overcome traditional barriers and build further gender equality in science in Central America.

Efectividad de un programa educativo en la modificación de conocimientos sobre prevención de cáncer de cuello uterino en docentes del Instituto Superior Tecnológico San Pablo 2009 / Effectiveness of an Educative Program in the modification of knowledge on prevention of cancer of uterine cervical in teachers of the Instituto Superior Tecnológico San Pablo 2009

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la efectividad de un Programa Educativo en la modificación de conocimientos de prevención de cáncer de cérvix en los docentes del I.S.T. San Pablo. Material y Método: El estudio fue de nivel aplicativo, tipo cuantitativo, método cuasi experimental y transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 20 docentes deI I.S.T. San Pablo. El instrumento fue un cuestionario y la técnica la encuesta. Resultados: En cuanto al nivel de conocimientos de los docentes antes de la aplicación del programa educativo 25 por ciento (5) tenían un nivel de conocimiento bajo, 60 por ciento (12) medio y 15 por ciento (3) alto. Después de la aplicación del programa educativo, el porcentaje de pacientes con conocimiento bajo y medio decreció a un 0 por ciento, y el alto fue del 100 por ciento. En cuanto al nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención primaria antes fue de 50 por ciento (10), medio y 25 por ciento (5) alto y bajo, luego de la intervención fue del 100 por ciento alto. Acerca del nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención secundaria antes fue 65 por ciento (13) medio, 20 por ciento (4) alto y 15 por ciento (3) bajo y luego de la intervención educativa 10 por ciento (2) fue medio y 90 por ciento (18) alto. Conclusiones: El Programa Educativo fue efectivo en la modificación de conocimientos sobre la prevención de cáncer de cuello uterino en docentes del I.S.T. San Pablo ya que al aplicar la fórmula de t de Student, se obtuvo un t calculado (0.97) menor que el que el t tabulado (1.93). El nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención primaria del cáncer de cuello uterino en los docentes del I.S.T. San Pablo antes de la aplicación del programa educativo la mayoría fue medio, seguido de bajo y alto y después de la aplicación del programa educativo fue alto referido a que conocen que la causa principal para padecer de cáncer de cuello uterino es la infección por el papiloma virus humano, entre otros. El nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención secundaria antes de la aplicación del programa educativo fue medio, seguido de alto y bajo; y después de la aplicación del programa educativo la mayoría fue alto seguido de un mínimo porcentaje (10 por ciento) medio referido a que la prueba de tamizaje para la prevención y detección del cáncer de cuello uterino es el Papanicolaou, entre otros

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational program in changing knowledge of prevention of cervical cancer in the IST teacher San Pablo. Material and Methods: The study was application level, quantitative, quasi-experimental and transversal method. The population consisted of 20 teachers of the IST San Pablo. The instrument was a questionnaire and survey techniques. Results: Regarding the level of knowledge of teachers before the implementation of the educational program 25 per cent (5) had a low awareness level, 60 per cent (12) medium and 15 per cent (3) high. After application of the educational program, the percentage of patients with low and medium knowledge decreased to 0 per cent, and the high was 100 per cent. Regarding the level of knowledge on primary prevention before was 50 per cent (10), half and 25 per cent (5) high and low, after the intervention was 100 per cent higher. About the level of knowledge on secondary prevention before was 65 per cent (13), average of 20 per cent (4) high and 15 per cent (3) low and after the educational intervention, 10 per cent (2) were average and 90 per cent (18) high. Conclusions: The educational program was effective in changing knowledge about the prevention of cervical cancer in teaching the TS San Pablo and that by applying the formula for Student t, we obtained a calculated t (0.97) lower than the tabulated t (1.93). The level of knowledge on primary prevention of cervical cancer in teachers of IST San Pablo, before the implementation of the educational program most were average, followed by low and high and after the implementation of the educational program was high referred to know that the main reason for getting cervical cancer is infection by the human papilloma virus, among others. The level of knowledge on secondary prevention before the implementation of the educational program was average, followed by high and low, and after the implementation of the educational program most was high followed by a minimum percentage (10 per cent) means that the test referred to screening for the prevention and detection of cervical cancer is the Pap test, among others