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1.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 922018 Nov 20.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30458458

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, widely spread all over the world, and an endemic disease in some Spanish regions. Within the Autonomous Region of Madrid, some south populations were affected by an outbreak from 2009. This outbreak had special features and implications related to epidemiology, reservoir and environment intervention. An increased rate in rural areas bordering the outbreak area was detected by epidemiological surveillance. This area has the same environment characteristics. The objective of this study was to research and analyze the evolution of leishmaniasis cases declared in a rural area and their comparison with the cases of the outbreak area. METHODS: The cases declared to Epidemiology Surveillance Network have been used. Kulldorff´s tools were used for the cluster analysis. A hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) was made. Leporidae and vector information of the area was related to the location of cases. RESULTS: The number of observed cases exceeded the number of expected cases in this area (epidemic index 7.8 in 2013), after the outbreak. This showed a relation between both incidence rates. It seemed to be spatial correlation when the number of cases was analyzed by census sections and grids (Moran´s I 0,208; z= 9,336). Using the hot-spot analysis, a higher incidence of the study area could be observed, and within Health Basic Area of Griñón after the outbreak years. A spatial relation between cases and a greater presence of vectors and leporidae was found. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of leishmaniasis cases, in the period and study area suggests a link between the community outbreak and the increase of cases in the study area last years, overall in the rural area. It would be useful to strengthen surveillance and it should apply effective measures used in the bordering area if they were necessary. These measures can help to control the spread of the outbreak.


OBJETIVO: La leishmaniasis en una enfermedad zoonótica muy extendida a nivel mundial y es endémica en algunas regiones de España. Desde 2009 un brote de leishmaniasis ha afectado a algunos municipios del sur de Madrid con características e implicaciones especiales en cuanto a epidemiología, reservorio e intervención medioambiental. Se ha observado un aumento de casos en las zonas rurales adyacentes con características ambientales similares. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar y analizar la evolución de los casos de leishmaniasis declarados en una zona rural colindante y compararlos con el brote comunitario. METODOS: Se utilizó la información de los casos declarados a la Red de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Comunidad de Madrid en la zona de estudio desde 2001-2017 y se compararon las tasas de incidencia con las del área del brote. Se realizó un análisis espacial de los casos y de los conglomerados para cuatro unidades espaciales. Se realizó análisis de conglomerados según la técnica de Kulldorff y análisis de puntos calientes según Gi* de Getis-Ord. Se relacionó la información disponible de lepóridos y vectores con la ubicación de los casos. RESULTADOS: Los casos observados en el área de estudio superaron a los esperados tras al inicio del brote (índice epidémico 7,8 en 2013) mostrándose una relación gráfica entre las tasas de incidencia. Existió una autocorrelación espacial cuando se analizaron el número de casos por secciones censales y por cuadrículas (índice de Moran de 0,208; z= 9,336). En el análisis de puntos calientes se pudo apreciar una mayor incidencia en el área de estudio en el periodo posterior al brote, en particular en la Zona Básica de Salud de Griñón. Se constató una relación espacial entre casos y zonas de mayor presencia de lepóridos y vectores. CONCLUSIONES: La distribución de casos de leishmaniasis en el periodo y área de estudio sugiere que puede existir una asociación entre el brote comunitario y el aumento de casos de los últimos años en el área de estudio, específicamente en la zona rural, por lo que sería necesario reforzar la vigilancia y aplicar medidas de control ambiental en caso necesario, lo cual puede contribuir a limitar la extensión del brote.


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Adult , Animals , Cities , Cluster Analysis , Disease Vectors , Epidemics , Humans , Incidence , Middle Aged , Rural Population , Spain/epidemiology , Spatial Analysis
2.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 92: 0-0, 2018. tab, mapas, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-177610

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: La leishmaniasis en una enfermedad zoonótica muy extendida a nivel mundial y es endémica en algunas regiones de España. Desde 2009 un brote de leishmaniasis ha afectado a algunos municipios del sur de Madrid con características e implicaciones especiales en cuanto a epidemiología, reservorio e intervención medioambiental. Se ha observado un aumento de casos en las zonas rurales adyacentes con características ambientales similares. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar y analizar la evolución de los casos de leishmaniasis declarados en una zona rural colindante y compararlos con el brote comunitario. Métodos: Se utilizó la información de los casos declarados a la Red de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Comunidad de Madrid en la zona de estudio desde 2001-2017 y se compararon las tasas de incidencia con las del área del brote. Se realizó un análisis espacial de los casos y de los conglomerados para cuatro unidades espaciales. Se realizó análisis de conglomerados según la técnica de Kulldorff y análisis de puntos calientes según Gi* de Getis-Ord. Se relacionó la información disponible de lepóridos y vectores con la ubicación de los casos. Resultados: Los casos observados en el área de estudio superaron a los esperados tras al inicio del brote (índice epidémico 7,8 en 2013) mostrándose una relación gráfica entre las tasas de incidencia. Existió una auto-correlación espacial cuando se analizaron el número de casos por secciones censales y por cuadrículas (índice de Moran de 0,208; z= 9,336). En el análisis de puntos calientes se pudo apreciar una mayor incidencia en el área de estudio en el periodo posterior al brote, en particular en la Zona Básica de Salud de Griñón. Se constató una relación espacial entre casos y zonas de mayor presencia de lepóridos y vectores. Conclusión: La distribución de casos de leishmaniasis en el periodo y área de estudio sugiere que puede existir una asociación entre el brote comunitario y el aumento de casos de los últimos años en el área de estudio, específicamente en la zona rural, por lo que sería necesario reforzar la vigilancia y aplicar medidas de control ambiental en caso necesario, lo cual puede contribuir a limitar la extensión del brote


Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, widely spread all over the world, and an endemic disease in some Spanish regions. Within the Autonomous Region of Madrid, some south populations were affected by an outbreak from 2009. This outbreak had special features and implications related to epidemiology, reservoir and environment intervention. An increased rate in rural areas bordering the outbreak area was detected by epidemiological surveillance. This area has the same environment characteristics. The objective of this study was to research and analyze the evolution of leishmaniasis cases declared in a rural area and their comparison with the cases of the outbreak area. Methods: The cases declared to Epidemiology Surveillance Network have been used. Kulldorff's tools were used for the cluster analysis. A hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) was made. Leporidae and vector information of the area was related to the location of cases. Results: The number of observed cases exceeded the number of expected cases in this area (epidemic index 7.8 in 2013), after the outbreak. This showed a relation between both incidence rates. It seemed to be spatial correlation when the number of cases was analyzed by census sections and grids (Moran's I 0,208; z= 9,336). Using the hot-spot analysis, a higher incidence of the study area could be observed, and within Health Basic Area of Griñón after the outbreak years. A spatial relation between cases and a greater presence of vectors and leporidae was found. Conclusion: The distribution of leishmaniasis cases, in the period and study area suggests a link between the community outbreak and the increase of cases in the study area last years, overall in the rural area. It would be useful to strengthen surveillance and it should apply effective measures used in the bordering area if they were necessary. These measures can help to control the spread of the outbreak


Subject(s)
Humans , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Spatial Analysis , Epidemiological Monitoring/trends , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data
3.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 31(5): 432-435, sept.-oct. 2017. mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-166624

ABSTRACT

Desde el modelo de los determinantes sociales de la salud y el enfoque de equidad, la Dirección General de Salud Pública de Madrid ha desarrollado la metodología de los mapas de la vulnerabilidad en salud para facilitar a los equipos sociosanitarios la planificación, la priorización y la intervención en salud en un territorio. A partir de la selección de las zonas básicas de salud con peores indicadores de vulnerabilidad en salud, se inicia un proceso de relación con los actores clave del territorio a fin de identificar conjuntamente áreas prioritarias de intervención y desarrollar un plan de acción consensuado. Se presentan el desarrollo de esta experiencia y su conexión con los modelos teóricos del mapeo en activos, los sistemas de georreferenciación integrados en salud y las intervenciones de salud comunitaria (AU)


The Public Health General Directorate of Madrid has developed a health vulnerability mapping methodology to assist regional social health teams in health planning, prioritisation and intervention based on a model of social determinants of health and an equity approach. This process began with the selection of areas with the worst social indicators in health vulnerability. Then, key stakeholders of the region jointly identified priority areas of intervention and developed a consensual plan of action. We present the outcomes of this experience and its connection with theoretical models of asset-based community development, health-integrated georeferencing systems and community health interventions (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Determinants of Health/classification , Health Vulnerability , Community Health Services/trends , Risk Groups , Spatial Analysis , Health Status Disparities , Health Policy
4.
Gac Sanit ; 31(5): 432-435, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27773342

ABSTRACT

The Public Health General Directorate of Madrid has developed a health vulnerability mapping methodology to assist regional social health teams in health planning, prioritisation and intervention based on a model of social determinants of health and an equity approach. This process began with the selection of areas with the worst social indicators in health vulnerability. Then, key stakeholders of the region jointly identified priority areas of intervention and developed a consensual plan of action. We present the outcomes of this experience and its connection with theoretical models of asset-based community development, health-integrated georeferencing systems and community health interventions.


Subject(s)
Social Determinants of Health , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Spain , Urban Health
5.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 25(3): 187-9, 2007 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17335698

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Toscana virus (TOSV) in the Community of Madrid. METHODS: Samples from two serosurveys obtained during 1993-1994 (2262 individuals) and 1999-2000 (1945 individuals) were studied. Samples were tested by ELISA for TOSV IgG detection. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of TOSV IgG was significantly higher in 1993-1994 (7.2%; 95% CI 6.2-8.4) than in 1999-2000 (5.7%; 95% CI 4.7-6.9) (chi-square, p < 0.05). In both periods, the prevalence increased significantly with age. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that TOSV has been circulating in the Community of Madrid over the last years.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Phlebotomus Fever/epidemiology , Sandfly fever Naples virus/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Morbidity/trends , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
6.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 25(3): 187-189, mar. 2007. mapas, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053162

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo ha sido presentado en parte en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas (Valencia del 10 al 13 de mayo de 2006). Objetivo. Valorar la seroprevalencia frente a virus Toscana (VTOS) en la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos. Se estudiaron muestras de dos encuestas de serovigilancia obtenidas durante 1993-1994 (2.262 individuos) y 1999-2000 (1.945 individuos). Las muestras se procesaron mediante análisis inmunoenzimático (ELISA) para la detección de IgG frente a VTOS. Resultados. La seroprevalencia en 1993-1994 (7,2%; IC 95%: 6,2-8,4) resultó significativamente mayor (x2; p < 0,05) que en 1999-2000 (5,7%; IC 95%: 4,7-6,9). En ambos períodos la prevalencia aumentó significativamente según la edad. Conclusión. Estos resultados confirman la circulación de VTOS en la Comunidad de Madrid durante los últimos años (AU)


Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Toscana virus (TOSV) in the Community of Madrid. Methods. Samples from two serosurveys obtained during 1993-1994 (2262 individuals) and 1999-2000 (1945 individuals) were studied. Samples were tested by ELISA for TOSV IgG detection. Results. The seroprevalence of TOSV IgG was significantly higher in 1993-1994 (7.2%; 95% CI 6.2-8.4) than in 1999-2000 (5.7%; 95% CI 4.7-6.9) (chi-square, p < 0.05). In both periods, the prevalence increased significantly with age. Conclusion. These results confirm that TOSV has been circulating in the Community of Madrid over the last years (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Sandfly fever Naples virus/immunology , Phlebotomus Fever/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Morbidity/trends , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
7.
Epidemiology ; 13(1): 87-93, 2002 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11805591

ABSTRACT

Although the association between particulate matter and mortality or morbidity is generally accepted, controversy remains about the importance of the association. If it is due solely to the deaths of frail individuals, which are brought forward by only a brief period of time, the public health implications of the association are fewer than if there is an increase in the number of deaths. Recently, other research has addressed the mortality displacement issue in single-city analysis. We analyzed this issue with a distributed lag model in a multicity hierarchic modeling approach, within the Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach (APHEA-2) study. We fit a Poisson regression model and a polynomial distributed lag model with up to 40 days of delay in each city. In the second stage we combined the city-specific results. We found that the overall effect of particulate matter less than 10 microM in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) per 10 microg/m3 for the fourth-degree distributed lag model is a 1.61% increase in daily deaths (95% CI = 1.02-2.20), whereas the mean of PM10 on the same day and the previous day is associated with only a 0.70% increase in deaths (95% CI = 0.43-0.97). This result is unchanged using an unconstrained distributed lag model. Our study confirms that the effects observed in daily time-series studies are not due primarily to short-term mortality displacement. The effect size estimate for airborne particles more than doubles when we consider longer-term effects, which has important implications for risk assessment.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Mortality , Europe/epidemiology , Humans , Particle Size , Poisson Distribution , Regression Analysis , Time Factors , Urban Population
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