Mayaro Virus as the cause of Acute Febrile Illness in the Colombian Amazon Basin.

Introduction: Mayaro Fever (MF) is a tropical disease caused by the Mayaro virus (MAYV), with outbreaks documented in Latin America. Methods: A hospital-based fever surveillance in Leticia, Colombian Amazon, collected sera from 1,460 patients aged 5-89 between December 2020 and April 2023. Results: Dengue and malaria were the main diagnoses (19.4 and 5.8%, respectively), leaving 71.4% of cases unidentified after testing. Metagenomic sequencing and real-time RT-qPCR testing identified MAYV in two patients (25-year-old male and an 80-year-old female) exhibiting typical symptoms, of MF including rash, joint pain, and fever. Phylogenetics analysis of these two viruses revealed a close relationship to Peruvian strains within the MAYV D genotype. Discussion: The study of AFI in Leticia, Colombia, identified dengue as prevalent, with malaria, COVID-19, Influenza, and Zika viruses also detected. Despite extensive testing, most cases remained unexplained until metagenomic sequencing revealed MAYV, previously unseen in Colombia but known in neighboring countries. Conclusion: This study presents the first near full-length genomes of MAYV in Colombia, highlighting the need for further seroprevalence studies and enhanced surveillance to understand and control the spread of the virus in the region.

Descripción de la microbiota bacteriana residente en el biosólido generado en la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales San Fernando. Itagüí, Colombia / Description of bacterial microbiota in biosolids generated in the San Fernando wastewater treatment plant. Itagüí, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar la microbiota bacteriana presente en los biosólidos generados en una de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales más grande de Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Se utilizó la plataforma de secuenciamiento 454 de la compañía Roche para secuenciar las regiones variables V1-V3 y V6-V9 del marcador molecular 16S rRNA y caracterizar la microbiota. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron estrategias filogenéticas para la identificación de especies bacterianas de importancia. Resultados Nuestros análisis muestran que los Phyla más abundantes son Chloro-flexi, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria y Firmicutes. Los géneros clasificados más abundantes fueron Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas y Proteiniphilum. Sin embargo, el grupo dominante según la región variable V1-V3 es una Anaerolineaceae que no se ajusta a las especies descritas para esta familia. Conclusiones En las muestras de biosólido analizadas predominan bacterias ambientales que participan en los procesos de estabilización de la materia orgánica durante los tratamientos biológicos de tipo secundario y la digestión anaerobia. Se detectaron secuencias de especies dentro de la familia Anaerolineaceae, los análisis filogenéticos muestran que probablemente se trata de especies no descritas. En el momento del estudio, se encontró que en el sistema de digestión anaerobia se genera biosolido con una baja carga de bacterias potencialmente patógenas.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To describe bacterial microbiota in the biosolids generated in one of the largest wastewater treatment plants of Colombia. Materials and Methods Using NGS technology, 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon libraries were amplified and sequenced. The Roche 454 FLX Titanium platform was used, while the V1-V3 and V6-V9 hypervariable regions were amplified and analyzed independently. Amplicon processing and bacterial classification were performed using the AmpliconNoise pipeline and the RDP Classifier tool. Results The analysis showed that the most dominant Phyla in the biosolids were Chlo-roflexi, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The most dominant genera were Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas and Proteiniphilum; however, the dominant group according in the V1-V3 variable region was Anaerolineaceae, which does not conform to the species described for this family. Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli/Shigella were not detected in the studied biosolid sample. Conclusions In the biosolids samples analyzed, environmental bacteria involved in organic matter stabilization processes during secondary biological treatments and anaerobic digestion were predominant. One of the dominant species in this sludge is a novel species of the Anaerolineaceae group. At the time of the study, it was found that the anaerobic digester system was able to maintain pathogenic bacteria at very low concentrations.(AU)

[Description of bacterial microbiota in biosolids generated in the San Fernando wastewater treatment plant. Itagüí, Colombia]. / Descripción de la microbiota bacteriana residente en el biosólido generado en la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales San Fernando. Itagüí, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe bacterial microbiota in the biosolids generated in one of the largest wastewater treatment plants of Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using NGS technology, 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon libraries were amplified and sequenced. The Roche 454 FLX Titanium platform was used, while the V1-V3 and V6-V9 hypervariable regions were amplified and analyzed independently. Amplicon processing and bacterial classification were performed using the AmpliconNoise pipeline and the RDP Classifier tool. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the most dominant Phyla in the biosolids were Chlo-roflexi, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The most dominant genera were Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas and Proteiniphilum; however, the dominant group according in the V1-V3 variable region was Anaerolineaceae, which does not conform to the species described for this family. Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli/Shigella were not detected in the studied biosolid sample. CONCLUSIONS: In the biosolids samples analyzed, environmental bacteria involved in organic matter stabilization processes during secondary biological treatments and anaerobic digestion were predominant. One of the dominant species in this sludge is a novel species of the Anaerolineaceae group. At the time of the study, it was found that the anaerobic digester system was able to maintain pathogenic bacteria at very low concentrations.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la microbiota bacteriana presente en los biosólidos generados en una de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales más grande de Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la plataforma de secuenciamiento 454 de la compañía Roche para secuenciar las regiones variables V1-V3 y V6-V9 del marcador molecular 16S rRNA y caracterizar la microbiota. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron estrategias filogenéticas para la identificación de especies bacterianas de importancia. RESULTADOS: Nuestros análisis muestran que los Phyla más abundantes son Chloro-flexi, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria y Firmicutes. Los géneros clasificados más abundantes fueron Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas y Proteiniphilum. Sin embargo, el grupo dominante según la región variable V1-V3 es una Anaerolineaceae que no se ajusta a las especies descritas para esta familia. CONCLUSIONES: En las muestras de biosólido analizadas predominan bacterias ambientales que participan en los procesos de estabilización de la materia orgánica durante los tratamientos biológicos de tipo secundario y la digestión anaerobia. Se detectaron secuencias de especies dentro de la familia Anaerolineaceae, los análisis filogenéticos muestran que probablemente se trata de especies no descritas. En el momento del estudio, se encontró que en el sistema de digestión anaerobia se genera biosolido con una baja carga de bacterias potencialmente patógenas.