ABSTRACT
Toxicity refers to the potential of a substance such as a pesticide to cause damage to the structure or functions of an exposed organism. Pesticides can lead to harmful biological effects in exposed animals and their offspring over the medium and long term. They can affect the immunological, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive systems. DNA damage has also been linked to exposure to pesticides, and this damage can cause abortions, degenerative diseases, and cancer. The aim of this work was to establish whether women who are indirectly exposed to pesticides exhibit a compromised health status, including genotoxic effect. Women exposed indirectly to pesticides in Chimchanga and Colaisaca in the south of Ecuador underwent hematological and biochemical tests and micronucleus assay in buccal cells. The subjects were also genotyped for GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and PON1 polymorphisms, which can modify an individual's capacity to metabolize pesticides and relation with damage of DNA. The study revealed hepatic toxicity in Colaisaca women (AST and ALT) and an increase in the rate of micronucleus (MN) in Colaisaca individuals. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in PON1 and GSTP1 showed effects of modulating the frequency of karyolytic cells, karyorrhectic cells, and condensed chromatin cells.
Subject(s)
DNA Damage/drug effects , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aryldialkylphosphatase/genetics , Ecuador , Female , Glutathione S-Transferase pi/genetics , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Humans , Micronucleus Tests , Middle Aged , Mouth Mucosa , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
Fueron estudiadas, para la búsqueda de rotavirus, 341 muestras fecales obtenidas de sendos niños menores de cinco años con diarrea aguda, atendidos en dos centros de salud de la ciudad de Loja - Ecuador. De ellas, 56 (16%) fueron positivas para rotavirus, siendo genotipificadas 33 muestras para la determinación de genotipos G y P. Los genotipos más frecuentes fueron G4 (42%), P[6] (36%) y la combinación mixta G4+9P[6] (21%). Este es el primer estudio de carácter molecular en rotavirus realizado en el sur de Ecuador y los datos obtenidos ratifican la variabilidad de cepas de rotavirus circulantes en este país.
A total of 341 fecal samples obtained from children under five years of age with acute diarrhea disease, attending two nursing homes in Loja city, Ecuador were studied for rotavirus diagnosis. Out of them, 56 (16%) were rotavirus positive and 33 samples were genotyped for the determination of genotypes G and P. The most frequent genotypes were G4 (42%), P [6] (36%) and +9 mixed combination G4 P [6] (21%). This is the first molecular study on rotavirus carried out in Southern Ecuador and the obtained data confirms the variability of the rotavirus circulating strains in Ecuador.
Foram estudadas, para a pesquisa de rotavírus, 341 amostras fecais obtidas de igual número de crianças menores de cinco anos, com diarreia aguda, atendidos em dois centros de saúde da cidade de Loja - Equador. Delas, 56 (16%) foram positivas para rotavírus, sendo genotipadas 33 amostras para a determinação de genótipos G e P. Os genótipos mais frequentes foram G4 (42%), P[6] (36%) e a combinação mista G4+9P[6] (21%). Este é o primeiro estudo de caráter molecular em rotavírus realizado no sul do Equador. Os dados obtidos ratificam a variabilidade de cepas de rotavírus circulantes neste país.
