ABSTRACT
We reported a case of septicemia by Vibrio cholerae O1, in São Paulo, Brazil. A 70-year-old male patient, living in an urban area, entered the emergency service having sepsis, dying 12 hours later. Blood culture was positive for Vibrio cholerae O1. This is the first case of bacteremia by Vibrio cholerae O1 reported in South America.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Vibrio Infections/microbiology , Vibrio cholerae O1/isolation & purification , Aged , Humans , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vibrio Infections/diagnosis , Vibrio cholerae O1/geneticsABSTRACT
We reported a case of septicemia by Vibrio cholerae O1, in São Paulo, Brazil. A 70-year-old male patient, living in an urban area, entered the emergency service having sepsis, dying 12 hours later. Blood culture was positive for Vibrio cholerae O1. This is the first case of bacteremia by Vibrio cholerae O1 reported in South America.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Bacteremia/microbiology , Vibrio Infections/microbiology , Vibrio cholerae O1/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vibrio Infections/diagnosis , Vibrio cholerae O1/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of oral and transdermal estrogen replacement on lipid and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus type 2. DESIGN AND METHODS: In an open, randomized, cross-over study, 21 diabetic postmenopausal women were treated with transdermal 17beta-estradiol 50 microg or oral conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) 0.625 mg daily, both associated with 300 mg/day of oral micronized progesterone for 12 days monthly during 6 months each. After a 12-h overnight fasting period, blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipoprotein profile were evaluated, at baseline and after 6 months of each schedule of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Insulin sensitivity was determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS: HRT had no negative influence on glucose metabolism. After 6 months of CEE treatment, there was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, but also in triglycerides, of 9.0% and 20.7%, respectively (p = 0.04). The levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were unaffected. Transdermal estradiol did not affect the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: Hormone replacement therapy with either oral or transdermal estrogen plus micronized progesterone has no harmful influence on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women; whether the increase in HDL cholesterol, but also in triglyceride levels, makes oral CEE the better choice remains an open question.