Patient safety culture in a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: to assess patient safety culture in a university hospital. METHOD: cross-sectional study with data collection through the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture applied in electronic device. A total of 381 employees were interviewed, corresponding to 46% of the sum of eligible professionals. Data were analyzed descriptively. the Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the frequency and reliability. RESULTS: most were women (73%) from the nursing area (50%) and with direct contact with patients (82%). The composites related to "teamwork within units" (58%, α=0.68), "organizational learning - continuous improvement" (58%, α=0.63), "supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety" (56%, α=0.73) had higher positive responses. Nine composites had low positive responses, with emphasis on "nonpunitive response to error" (18%, α=0.40). Only the item "in this unit, people treat each other with respect" had positive response above 70%. The patient safety assessment in the work unit was positive for 36% of employees, however only 22% reported events in past year. CONCLUSION: the findings revealed weaknesses in the safety culture at the hospital, with emphasis on culpability.

Patient safety culture in a university hospital / Cultura de segurança do paciente em um hospital universitário / Cultura de seguridad del paciente en un hospital universitario

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess patient safety culture in a university hospital. Method: cross-sectional study with data collection through the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture applied in electronic device. A total of 381 employees were interviewed, corresponding to 46% of the sum of eligible professionals. Data were analyzed descriptively. the Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the frequency and reliability. Results: most were women (73%) from the nursing area (50%) and with direct contact with patients (82%). The composites related to "teamwork within units" (58%, α=0.68), "organizational learning - continuous improvement" (58%, α=0.63), "supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety" (56%, α=0.73) had higher positive responses. Nine composites had low positive responses, with emphasis on "nonpunitive response to error" (18%, α=0.40). Only the item "in this unit, people treat each other with respect" had positive response above 70%. The patient safety assessment in the work unit was positive for 36% of employees, however only 22% reported events in past year. Conclusion: the findings revealed weaknesses in the safety culture at the hospital, with emphasis on culpability.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente em hospital universitário. Método: estudo transversal com coleta de dados por meio do Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture aplicado em dispositivo eletrônico. Entrevistaram-se 381 funcionários, correspondendo a 46% do total de profissionais elegíveis. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, com cálculo de frequências e da confiabilidade pelo alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: a maior parte eram mulheres (73%), da área de enfermagem (50%) e com contato direto com pacientes (82%). As dimensões "trabalho em equipe no âmbito das unidades" (58%, α=0,68), "aprendizado organizacional" (58%, α=0,63), "expectativas e ações dos supervisores e gerentes para promoção da segurança do paciente" (56%, α=0,73) apresentaram maior positividade. Nove dimensões tiveram positividade baixa, com destaque para "respostas não punitivas aos erros" (18%, α=0,40). Somente o item "nesta unidade, as pessoas se tratam com respeito" obteve positividade acima de 70%. A avaliação da segurança do paciente na unidade de trabalho foi positiva para 36% dos funcionários, porém somente 22% informaram ter notificado eventos no último ano. Conclusão: os achados revelam fragilidades na cultura de segurança no hospital, com destaque à culpabilização.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la cultura de seguridad del paciente en un hospital universitario. Método: estudio transversal con recogimiento de datos por medio del Hospital Surveyon Patient Safety Culture aplicado en dispositivo electrónico. Se entrevistaron 381 funcionarios, correspondiendo a 46% del total de profesionales elegibles. Los datos fueron analizados descriptivamente; fueron calculadas las frecuencias y la confiabilidad con el alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: la mayor parte eran mujeres (73%) del área de enfermería (50%), con contacto directo con pacientes (82%). Las dimensiones "trabajando en equipo dentro de las unidades" (58%, α=0,68), "aprendizaje organizativo - mejorías continuas" (58%, α=0,63), "expectativas y acciones del supervisor para promover la seguridad de los pacientes" (56%, α=0,73), presentaron mayor positividad. Nueve dimensiones tuvieron positividad baja, con destaque para respuesta no punitivas a los errores (18%, α=0,40). Solamente el ítem "en esta unidad, el personal se trata con respeto" obtuvo positividad arriba de 70%. La evaluación de la seguridad del paciente en la unidad de trabajo fue positiva para 36% de los funcionarios; sin embargo, solamente 22% reportaran incidentes en el último año. Conclusión: los hallazgos revelan fragilidades en la cultura de seguridad en el hospital, entre los cuales se destaca la culpabilización.

Prevalence of health services utilization in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. / Prevalência de utilização de serviços de saúde no Brasil: revisão sistemática e metanálise.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of use of health services in Brazil. METHODS: systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cross-sectional studies; MEDLINE, EMBASE, other sources, and microdata of surveys were searched; two researchers selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed methodological quality to include in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: from 1,979 retrieved references, 27 studies were included; the prevalence of medical visits in the previous year was 71% (confidence interval of 95% [95%CI] = 69; 73%; I2=99%); the proportion of women in each study (p=0.001; R2=25%) and the recall period (p>0.001; R2= 72%) contributed to the heterogeneity; prevalence of dental consultation was 37% (95%CI = 32; 42%; I2=100%), and of hospitalization, 10% (95%CI = 9; 11%; I2=98%), in the last year. CONCLUSION: more than half of the population had at least one medical visit, about one-third had a dental consultation and a tenth was hospitalized in the previous year.

Prevalência de utilização de serviços de saúde no Brasil: revisão sistemática e metanálise / Prevalencia de uso de servicios de salud en Brasil: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis / Prevalence of health services utilization in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência da utilização de serviços de saúde no Brasil. MÉTODOS: revisão sistemática e meta-análise de estudos transversais de base populacional; foram pesquisadas MEDLINE, EMBASE, outras fontes e microdados de inquéritos; duas pesquisadoras selecionaram os estudos, extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade metodológica para inclusão na meta-análise. RESULTADOS: localizaram-se 1.979 referências, foram incluídos 27 estudos; a prevalência de consulta médica no último ano foi de 71% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]= 69; 73%; I2= 99%); diferenças na proporção de mulheres nas amostras (p=0,001; R2=25%) e no tempo recordatório dos estudos (p>0,001; R2=72%) contribuíram para a alta heterogeneidade; a prevalência de consultas odontológicas foi de 37% (IC95% = 32; 42%; I2=100%), e de hospitalização, 10% (IC95% = 9; 11%; I2=98%), no último ano. CONCLUSÃO: mais da metade da população realizou uma consulta médica, cerca de um terço foi ao dentista e um décimo hospitalizou-se no último ano.

OBJETIVO: analizar la prevalencia de uso de servicios de salud en Brasil. MÉTODOS: revisión sistemática de estudios transversales. Se buscó en MEDLINE, EMBASE, otras fuentes y microdatos de encuestas, indexados hasta enero/2017; dos investigadores seleccionaron, extrajeron datos y evaluaron la calidad metodológica de los estudios; combinamos los estudios en una meta-análisis. RESULTADOS: obtuvimos 1.979 referencias e incluimos 27; la prevalencia de visita médica en el último año fue 71% (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC95% ] = 69 a 73%; I2=99%); la proporción de mujeres (p=0,001; R2=25%) y período de recuerdo (p>0,001; R2=72%) contribuyeron para la heterogeneidad; la prevalencia de consulta a un dentista fue de 37% (IC95% = 32 a 42%; I2=100%), y de hospitalización, 10% (IC95% = 9 a 11%; I2=98%), en el último año. CONCLUSIÓN: más de la mitad de la población hizo una visita médica, cerca de un tercio consultó con el dentista y una décima parte fueron hospitalizadas en el último año.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of use of health services in Brazil. METHODS: systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cross-sectional studies; MEDLINE, EMBASE, other sources, and microdata of surveys were searched; two researchers selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed methodological quality to include in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: from 1,979 retrieved references, 27 studies were included; the prevalence of medical visits in the previous year was 71% (confidence interval of 95% [95%CI] = 69; 73%; I2=99%); the proportion of women in each study (p=0.001; R2=25%) and the recall period (p>0.001; R2= 72%) contributed to the heterogeneity; prevalence of dental consultation was 37% (95%CI = 32; 42%; I2=100%), and of hospitalization, 10% (95%CI = 9; 11%; I2=98%), in the last year. CONCLUSION: more than half of the population had at least one medical visit, about one-third had a dental consultation and a tenth was hospitalized in the previous year.

Nuss procedure for Pectus excavatum repair: critical appraisal of the evidence / Procedimento de Nuss para correção de Pectus excavatum: avaliação crítica da evidência

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of correction of pectus excavatum by the Nuss technique based on the available scientific evidence. Methods: We conducted an evidence synthesis following systematic processes of search, selection, extraction and critical appraisal. Outcomes were classified by importance and had their quality assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: The process of selection of items led to the inclusion of only one systematic review, which synthesized the results of nine observational studies comparing the Nuss and Ravitch procedures. The evidence found was rated as poor and very poor quality. The Nuss procedure has increased the incidence of hemothorax (RR = 5.15; 95% CI: 1.07; 24.89), pneumothorax (RR = 5.26; 95% CI: 1.55; 17.92) and the need for reintervention (RR = 4.88; 95% CI: 2.41; 9.88) when compared to the Ravitch. There was no statistical difference between the two procedures in outcomes: general complications, blood transfusion, hospital stay and time to ambulation. The Nuss operation was faster than the Ravitch (mean difference [MD] = -69.94 minutes, 95% CI: -139.04, -0.83). Conclusion: In the absence of well-designed prospective studies to clarify the evidence, especially in terms of aesthetics and quality of life, surgical indication should be individualized and the choice of the technique based on patient preference and experience of the team. .

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade e segurança da correção de pectus excavatum, através da técnica de Nuss, com base nas evidências científicas disponíveis. Métodos: realizou-se uma síntese de evidências seguindo processos sistemáticos de busca, seleção, extração e avaliação crítica. Os desfechos foram classificados pela importância e tiveram sua qualidade avaliada pela ferramenta Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Resultados: O processo de seleção dos artigos culminou na inclusão de apenas uma revisão sistemática, a qual sintetizou os resultados de nove estudos observacionais comparando o procedimento de Nuss e ao de Ravitch. A evidência encontrada foi classificada como baixa e muito baixa qualidade. O procedimento de Nuss causou maior incidência de hemotórax (RR=5,15; IC95%: 1,07; 24,89), pneumotórax (RR=5,26; IC95%: 1,55; 17,92) e necessidade de reintervenção operatória (RR=4,88; IC95%: 2,41; 9,88) quando comparado ao de Ravitch. Não houve diferença estatística entre os dois procedimentos nos desfechos: complicações gerais, transfusão de sangue, tempo de hospitalização e tempo para deambulação. A operação de Nuss foi mais rápida que a de Ravitch (diferença média [MD] = -69,94 minutos; IC95%: -139,04, -0,83). Conclusão: Na ausência de estudos prospectivos bem delineados para clarificar a evidência, sobretudo quanto à estética e à qualidade de vida, a indicação operatória deve ser individualizada e a escolha da técnica baseada na preferência do paciente e experiência da equipe. .

Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum repair: critical appraisal of the evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of correction of pectus excavatum by the Nuss technique based on the available scientific evidence. METHODS: We conducted an evidence synthesis following systematic processes of search, selection, extraction and critical appraisal. Outcomes were classified by importance and had their quality assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS: The process of selection of items led to the inclusion of only one systematic review, which synthesized the results of nine observational studies comparing the Nuss and Ravitch procedures. The evidence found was rated as poor and very poor quality. The Nuss procedure has increased the incidence of hemothorax (RR = 5.15; 95% CI: 1.07; 24.89), pneumothorax (RR = 5.26; 95% CI: 1.55; 17.92) and the need for reintervention (RR = 4.88; 95% CI: 2.41; 9.88) when compared to the Ravitch. There was no statistical difference between the two procedures in outcomes: general complications, blood transfusion, hospital stay and time to ambulation. The Nuss operation was faster than the Ravitch (mean difference [MD] = -69.94 minutes, 95% CI: -139.04, -0.83). CONCLUSION: In the absence of well-designed prospective studies to clarify the evidence, especially in terms of aesthetics and quality of life, surgical indication should be individualized and the choice of the technique based on patient preference and experience of the team.

Dialyzer reuse and mortality risk in patients with end-stage renal disease: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Robust evidence about dialyzer reuse effects on mortality is not available. Our aim was to summarize the evidence for the effectiveness of dialyzer reuse compared to single use in patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SciELO, LILACS, USRDS ADR, universities' theses databases and annals of congress from major nephrology societies. Reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction independently. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence. Mortality was the primary outcome. RESULTS: A total of 1,190 studies were retrieved, and 14 were included in the review (n = 956,807 patients). The disinfectants used on dialyzer reprocessing were hypochlorite, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and peracetic acid. The evidence available from the studies was of very low quality. Most studies found no differences between groups. In studies with statistically significant differences, these differences were not observed in all groups and they varied by the type of disinfectant, time of observation and treatment unit. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were identified for the superiority or inferiority of dialyzer reuse versus single use when assessing the mortality of patients with end-stage renal disease. Studies of higher quality, including randomized clinical trials, are required to provide conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of dialyzer reuse.