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1.
Clin. biomed. res ; 39(1): 15-23, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026046

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A avaliação do craving é importante para o tratamento de pacientes com Transtornos por uso de substâncias psicoativas. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a validação do Alcohol Craving Questionnaire-Short Form Revised- Versão Brasileira (ACQ-SFR ­ Versão Brasileira). Métodos: Foi um estudo observacional transversal, com uma amostra não aleatória de 121 participantes alcoolistas, do sexo masculino, internados para desintoxicação em unidade especializada. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevista clínica com dados sociodemográficos e de padrão de uso de substâncias, MMSE, ACQ-SFR ­ Versão Brasileira, EAV do craving, BDI, BAI, estímulo visual indutor de craving. Resultados: Na análise fatorial, foram encontrados dois fatores: o fator 1 representa o craving pelo reforço positivo e negativo do álcool, e o fator 2, o propósito de consumir o álcool associado ao prazer. O alfa de Cronbach total foi de 0,91 (12 itens), o do Fator 1 foi 0,92 (8 itens) e o do Fator 2 foi 0,70 (3 itens). O total de pontos da escala foi correlacionado com a Escala Analógico-Visual (r=0,658; p<0,01). Conclusão: Conclui-se que o ACQ-SFR ­ Versão Brasileira demonstrou ter propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias. (AU)


Introduction: The assessment of craving is important in the treatment of patients with psychoactive substance use disorders. The purpose of this study was to validate the Brazilian version of the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire ­ Short Form Revised (ACQ­SFR ­ Brazilian Version). Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, with a non-random sample of 121 male alcoholic participants admitted for detoxification in a specialized unit. The instruments used to collect data were clinical interview with sociodemographic data and substance use pattern, MMSE, ACQ-SFR ­ Brazilian version, VAS of craving, BDI, BAI, and visual inducer of craving. Results: In a factorial analysis, two factors were found: factor 1 represents craving due to positive and negative reinforcement of alcohol use, and factor 2, the purpose of consuming alcohol associated with pleasure. Overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.91 (12 items), while factor 1 was 0.92 (8 items) and factor 2 was 0.70 (3 items). Total scale score correlated with VAS score (r = 0.658; p < 0.01). Conclusions: AACQ-SFR ­ Brazilian version presented satisfactory psychometric properties. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol-Related Disorders/psychology , Craving/drug effects , Psychometrics/methods , Alcohol-Related Disorders/diagnosis
2.
Saude e pesqui. (Impr.) ; 11(1): 49-56, Jan-Abr. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-884445

ABSTRACT

Este estudo objetivou analisar a imagem corporal, a composição corporal e fatores associados em dependentes de crack internados. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com delineamento transversal composto por 100 sujeitos hospitalizados para desintoxicação. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados como instrumentos: ficha de dados sociodemográficos; escala de Silhuetas e avaliação antropométrica. Observou- se Índice de Massa Corporal médio de 24,01 kg/m² (±3,65), distorção da imagem de -1,48 (±1,80), e insatisfação corporal de 2,13 (±2,85). A análise estatística mostrou diferença significativa entre a imagem da silhueta real e a imagem da silhueta atual dos sujeitos (χ2=153,25; p<0,001). Concluiu-se que existe diferença entre a imagem da silhueta que os indivíduos possuem de si mesmo, quando comparada com aquela que se equipara ao seu IMC, mais que isto ficou evidente a existência de insatisfação dos sujeitos quanto às suas silhuetas, assim como o desejo que seu tamanho corporal fosse aumentado.


Current qualitative study with transversal design analyzes body image, body composition and factors associated with 100 crackdependent people, hospitalized for de-intoxication. Data collection comprised: a card with social and demographic data; silhouette scales and anthropometric evaluation. Mean Body Mass Index was 24.01 kg/ m² (±3.65); image distortion -1.48 (±1.80) and body dissatisfaction 2.13 (±2.85). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the image of true silhouette and the image of the subjects' current silhouette (χ2=153.25; p<0.001). Results show that differences exist between the silhouette image people have of themselves when compared to that equivalent to their BMI. The subjects were dissatisfied by their silhouette and desired that their body size would be increased.

3.
Subst Use Misuse ; 52(1): 127-133, 2017 01 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27617349

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Theory of mind concerns the sociocognitive ability to infer others' thoughts. It has been theorized to be impaired in substance use and abuse, as its alterations might explain negative social and interpersonal outcomes noted in the course of disorders. In addition, the brain structures involved in Theory of Mind (ToM) have been found to be disrupted in drug use conditions. OBJECTIVE: We undertook a systematic review of ToM functioning in drug use conditions. METHODS: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase) were searched to find studies that have addressed ToM and conditions related to actual or previous drug use. RESULTS: The search found 147 papers, of which 14 fulfilled our review eligibility criteria. Different methods were used, but overall, results indicated that drugs are related to ToM deficits, particularly related to alcohol and amphetamines use. These impairments correlate with other clinical and cognitive functions. CONCLUSION: Despite the lack of studies and the methodological limitations of the existing ones Theory of Mind seems to play a role in drug use conditions, which requires further investigation.


Subject(s)
Drug Users/psychology , Empathy/physiology , Social Perception , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Theory of Mind/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Humans
4.
Rev Saude Publica ; 50: 26, 2016.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27253902

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the psychiatric hospitalization rates due to use of psychoactive substances and average time of hospitalization suffered any changes after the first decade of effective implementation of the psychiatric reform in Brazil. METHODS: This article examines the evolution of hospitalizations due to disorders arising from the use of alcohol or other substances in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological, time-series study, which uses data from admissions obtained by the Informatics Service of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Hospitalization rates by 100,000 inhabitants and average time of occupancy of beds were estimated. Coefficients of variation of these rates were estimated by Poisson Regression. RESULTS: The total and male hospitalization rates did not vary (p = 0.056 and p = 0.244, respectively). We observed an increase of 3.0% for the female sex (p = 0.049). We did not observe any significant variation for occupancy time of beds. CONCLUSIONS: The deployment of services triggered by the Brazilian psychiatric reform was not accompanied by a reduction of hospitalization rates or mean occupancy time of hospitalized patients during this first decade of implementation of the reform.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization/trends , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology , Adolescent , Brazil , Female , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Primary Health Care , Sex Factors
5.
Aletheia ; (49): 23-34, jan.-abr. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-916172

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are some studies about of dreams suggesting an indicative of craving from dreams and demonstrating as a tool for evaluating risk situations for relapses. OBJETIVE: To verify, in patients addicted to crack/cocaine, the association between the presence of the crack content in dreams and craving increase. METHODS: It is a clinical study, analytical, transversal type. We evaluated 51 patients who were admitted to Unit Detoxification. RESULTS: We verified that 21 patients reported dreams with the crack, when 19.6% reported not awakening the craving after dreaming about crack, against 21.4% who woke up with this urge. Regarding the perception on the night before the dream of the crack, 17.5% thought they had presented craving for crack. No association was found between dream the crack and the craving (p=0.34). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Dreaming of the crack is not associated with an increase in craving in patients admitted for detoxification.(AU)


CONTEXTO: Existem alguns trabalhos abordando sonhos sugerindo que eles possam ser indicativos de craving e demonstrando como ferramenta de avaliação de situações de risco para recaída. OBJETIVO: Verificar, em pacientes dependentes de crack/cocaína, a associação entre presença do conteúdo crack nos sonhos e aumento no craving. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo clínico, analítico, do tipo transversal. Foram entrevistados 51 pacientes que estavam internados na Unidade de Desintoxicação. RESULTADOS: Foi verificado que 21 pacientes relataram sonhos com crack, onde 19,6% relataram não ter acordado com craving após ter sonhado com crack, contra 21,4% que acordaram com esta vontade. Em relação a percepção sobre a noite anterior ao sonhar com o crack, 17,5% julgaram ter apresentado craving pelo crack. Não foi encontrada associação entre sonhar com crack e o craving (p=0,34). DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÃO: Sonhar com o crack não está associado a um aumento no craving em pacientes internados para desintoxicação.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Rehabilitation , Crack Cocaine , Substance-Related Disorders , Dreams , Craving , Drug Users
6.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 50: 26, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962232

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the psychiatric hospitalization rates due to use of psychoactive substances and average time of hospitalization suffered any changes after the first decade of effective implementation of the psychiatric reform in Brazil. METHODS This article examines the evolution of hospitalizations due to disorders arising from the use of alcohol or other substances in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological, time-series study, which uses data from admissions obtained by the Informatics Service of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Hospitalization rates by 100,000 inhabitants and average time of occupancy of beds were estimated. Coefficients of variation of these rates were estimated by Poisson Regression. RESULTS The total and male hospitalization rates did not vary (p = 0.056 and p = 0.244, respectively). We observed an increase of 3.0% for the female sex (p = 0.049). We did not observe any significant variation for occupancy time of beds. CONCLUSIONS The deployment of services triggered by the Brazilian psychiatric reform was not accompanied by a reduction of hospitalization rates or mean occupancy time of hospitalized patients during this first decade of implementation of the reform.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar se as taxas de internações psiquiátricas por uso de substâncias psicoativas e o tempo médio de hospitalização se modificaram após a primeira década de efetiva implementação da reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil. MÉTODOS Este artigo analisa a evolução das hospitalizações devido a transtornos decorrentes do uso de álcool ou outras substâncias no estado de Santa Catarina, de 2000 a 2012. Trata-se de estudo ecológico, de série temporal, com dados de internações obtidas do Serviço de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram estimadas taxas de hospitalização por 100 mil habitantes e tempo médio de ocupação dos leitos. Foram estimados coeficientes de variação dessas taxas por Regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS As taxas de internação total e para o sexo masculino não variaram (p = 0,244 e p = 0,056, respectivamente). Houve incremento de 3,0% para o sexo feminino (p = 0,049). Não se observou variação significativa para tempo de ocupação dos leitos. CONCLUSÕES A implantação de serviços desencadeada pela reforma psiquiátrica brasileira não foi acompanhada de redução das taxas de hospitalização ou tempo médio de permanência de quem foi hospitalizado ao longo dessa primeira década de implantação da reforma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology , Hospitalization/trends , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Primary Health Care , Brazil , Sex Factors , Length of Stay
7.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother ; 37(3): 126-32, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26630403

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Crack cocaine use is associated with polydrug abuse, and inpatients dependent on crack exhibit profiles of serious consumption patterns. Use of alcohol and tobacco and other drugs is a risk factor for experimentation of additional drugs, including crack cocaine. OBJECTIVES: The present study describes the characteristics and crack consumption patterns among inpatients in treatment during 2011 and 2012 at the Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro (Porto Alegre, Brazil). An additional objective was to identify the sequence of alcohol and tobacco consumption prior to crack use. METHODS: The participants were 53 male inpatients addicted to crack with a mean age of 27.5±7.3 years. A sociodemographic questionnaire; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and the Mini Mental State Examination were all administered to participants. Inclusion criteria were crack cocaine dependency (based on the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) and being abstinent for 7 days. Patients with cognitive difficulties who were unable to understand and/or respond to the questionnaires were excluded from the sample. RESULTS: The participants were young male adults with low educational level and low incomes and were polydrug users. The majority had made more than one attempt to quit. Use of legal drugs in early adolescence, prior to crack use, was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The profiles of the inpatients addicted to crack treated at this hospital indicate a serious usage pattern among those who seek specialized support. Crack use is frequent and is associated with use of other drugs and with difficulty sustaining abstinence. The pattern of progression from alcohol and tobacco use to crack cocaine dependency demands the attention of those responsible for prevention policies.


Subject(s)
Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Crack Cocaine , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy , Crack Cocaine/administration & dosage , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Sociological Factors
8.
Psicol. argum ; 33(83): 496-510, out.-dez. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-69793

ABSTRACT

Diversos autores julgam que o tratamento integrado/sinérgico dos pacientes com comorbidades psiquiátricas apresenta melhores resultados que a abordagem paralela ou sequencial. O presente trabalho visa apresentar um caso clinico de tratamento cognitivo-comportamental sinérgico de dependência química (de álcool e maconha), transtorno de humor bipolar e bulimia nervosa. Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. No total, foram realizadas 10 sessões de TCC, com freqüência semanal e duração de 50 minutos e seis atendimentos psiquiátricos concomitantes, com freqüência quinzenal. Ao final dos atendimentos a paciente aderiu ao tratamento farmacológico, diminuiu os comportamentos bulímicos, seu humor ficou eutímico e a fissura para o uso de álcool diminuiu. O tratamento descrito combinou a Entrevista Motivacional, Prevenção à Recaída, aconselhamento nutricional, farmacoterapia e Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental para dependência química, bulimia e transtorno de humor bipolar. Conclui-se que o tratamento sinérgico foi útil para a prevenção da recaída do álcool e redução do consumo de maconha, além de lidar com os sintomas e prejuízos decorrentes dos transtornos de humor e alimentar (AU).


Several authors think that the integrated/synergistic treatment in patients with psychiatric comorbidities presents better results than a sequential or parallel approach. This paper aims to present a case study of synergistic cognitive behavioral treatment of chemical dependency (alcohol and marijuana), bipolar disorder and bulimia nervosa. This is a qualitative research (case study). In total, 10 sessions of CBT were conducted with weekly frequency and 50 minutes of duration and six concurrent psychiatric sessions with fortnightly frequency. At the end of this treatment the patient adhered to pharmacological prescriptions, decreased bulimic behaviors, her mood was euthymic and her craving for alcohol also decreased. The described treatment combined Motivational Interviewing, Relapse Prevention, nutrition counseling, pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for addiction, bulimia and bipolar disorder. It was concluded that the synergistic treatment was useful to prevent alcohol relapse, to decrease cannabis use, and to deal with both the symptoms and the damages caused by bipolar and eating disorders (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Bulimia Nervosa , Behavior, Addictive , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Substance-Related Disorders , Psychotherapy
9.
Rev. bras. ter. cogn ; 11(2): 113-118, dez. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-70411

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da utilização da terapia comportamental dialética (TCD) em dependentes químicos com transtorno da personalidade borderline (TPB). Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed e Scielo entre os anos de 1996 e 2016, e os descritores utilizados foram: dialectical behavior therapy, drug addiction e borderline personality disorder. Esta pesquisa demonstrou resultados positivos sobre a efetividade da TCD em pacientes dependentes químicos com TPB: a maioria dos estudos encontrou melhores taxas de abstinência, menos uso de substâncias psicoativas e melhora na regulação emocional naqueles indivíduos que fizeram essa modalidade de tratamento. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos e pequenas as amostras estudadas. Conclui-se que a TCD pode ser uma boa alternativa no tratamento de pacientes com TPB em comorbidade com a dependência química, a fim de diminuir as altas taxas de recaídas do uso de substâncias psicoativas e de atuar na regulação das emoções(AU)


This study aimed to perform a systematic review regarding the use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in drug addicts with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scielo, between 1996 and 2016, and used the following keywords: Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Drug Addiction, and Borderline Personality Disorder. This research has shown positive results on the effectiveness of DBT in drug dependent patients with BPD: Most studies found improved abstinence rates, less psychoactive substance use, and improvement in emotional regulation in those individuals who went through this treatment method. However, there are still few studies, with a small number of samples. It is concluded that DBT can be a good alternative in the treatment of patients with BPD in comorbidity with drug addiction towards the improvement of the high relapse rates of psychoactive substance use and for acting in the regulation of emotions(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans
10.
Psicol. argum ; 33(83): 496-510, out.-dez. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-835157

ABSTRACT

Diversos autores julgam que o tratamento integrado/sinérgico dos pacientes com comorbidades psiquiátricas apresenta melhores resultados que a abordagem paralela ou sequencial. O presente trabalho visa apresentar um caso clinico de tratamento cognitivo-comportamental sinérgico de dependência química (de álcool e maconha), transtorno de humor bipolar e bulimia nervosa. Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. No total, foram realizadas 10 sessões de TCC, com freqüência semanal e duração de 50 minutos e seis atendimentos psiquiátricos concomitantes, com freqüência quinzenal. Ao final dos atendimentos a paciente aderiu ao tratamento farmacológico, diminuiu os comportamentos bulímicos, seu humor ficou eutímico e a fissura para o uso de álcool diminuiu. O tratamento descrito combinou a Entrevista Motivacional, Prevenção à Recaída, aconselhamento nutricional, farmacoterapia e Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental para dependência química, bulimia e transtorno de humor bipolar. Conclui-se que o tratamento sinérgico foi útil para a prevenção da recaída do álcool e redução do consumo de maconha, além de lidar com os sintomas e prejuízos decorrentes dos transtornos de humor e alimentar.


Several authors think that the integrated/synergistic treatment in patients with psychiatric comorbidities presents better results than a sequential or parallel approach. This paper aims to present a case study of synergistic cognitive behavioral treatment of chemical dependency (alcohol and marijuana), bipolar disorder and bulimia nervosa. This is a qualitative research (case study). In total, 10 sessions of CBT were conducted with weekly frequency and 50 minutes of duration and six concurrent psychiatric sessions with fortnightly frequency. At the end of this treatment the patient adhered to pharmacological prescriptions, decreased bulimic behaviors, her mood was euthymic and her craving for alcohol also decreased. The described treatment combined Motivational Interviewing, Relapse Prevention, nutrition counseling, pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for addiction, bulimia and bipolar disorder. It was concluded that the synergistic treatment was useful to prevent alcohol relapse, to decrease cannabis use, and to deal with both the symptoms and the damages caused by bipolar and eating disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Bulimia Nervosa , Behavior, Addictive , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Substance-Related Disorders , Psychotherapy
11.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 42(5): 117-121, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-766267

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The literature findings report that use of multiple substances can produce adverse clinical and behavioral effects, which may affect craving and the results of drug treatment. Also, the understanding of craving construct and its interaction in the use of smoked substances is underexplored. Objectives To induce and compare craving for tobacco, marijuana and crack-cocaine on hospitalized dependents whose drug of choice is crack-cocaine. Methods Quasi-experimental study with a convenience sample consisting of 210 males divided into 3 equal groups (Group-1: craving induced by crack; Group-2: craving induced by tobacco; and Group-3: craving induced by marijuana). All participants met ICD-10 dependence criteria for cocaine/crack, marijuana and tobacco, were aged between 18 and 65 and had used these substances for at least one year. Photos were used to induce craving and self-report instruments to evaluate possible alterations. Results This study showed that craving for tobacco was more intense than for marijuana and crack, when the groups were compared by VAS. Using specific scales, both craving for tobacco and craving for marijuana were more intense than craving for crack. Discussion These results would imply interventions at the initial stages of abstinence with cognitive-behavioural techniques and pharmacotherapy in order to reduce craving.

12.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 37(3): 126-132, jul. set. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764671

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Crack cocaine use is associated with polydrug abuse, and inpatients dependent on crack exhibit profiles of serious consumption patterns. Use of alcohol and tobacco and other drugs is a risk factor for experimentation of additional drugs, including crack cocaine.Objectives:The present study describes the characteristics and crack consumption patterns among inpatients in treatment during 2011 and 2012 at the Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro (Porto Alegre, Brazil). An additional objective was to identify the sequence of alcohol and tobacco consumption prior to crack use.Methods: The participants were 53 male inpatients addicted to crack with a mean age of 27.5±7.3 years. A sociodemographic questionnaire; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and the Mini Mental State Examination were all administered to participants. Inclusion criteria were crack cocaine dependency (based on the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) and being abstinent for 7 days. Patients with cognitive difficulties who were unable to understand and/or respond to the questionnaires were excluded from the sample.Results: The participants were young male adults with low educational level and low incomes and were polydrug users. The majority had made more than one attempt to quit. Use of legal drugs in early adolescence, prior to crack use, was identified.Conclusions: The profiles of the inpatients addicted to crack treated at this hospital indicate a serious usage pattern among those who seek specialized support. Crack use is frequent and is associated with use of other drugs and with difficulty sustaining abstinence. The pattern of progression from alcohol and tobacco use to crack cocaine dependency demands the attention of those responsible for prevention policies.


Introdução: O uso de crack continua associado ao abuso de múltiplas drogas, e o perfil do dependente de crack em tratamento tipo internação parece estar relacionado a um padrão grave de consumo. O consumo de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas é um fator de risco para a experimentação de novas drogas, como o crack.Objetivos: Descrever características e padrão de consumo do crack em pacientes em tratamento tipo internação no Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro (Porto Alegre, Brasil) nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Além disso, identificar a sequência de consumo de álcool e cigarro prévio ao crack.Método: Participaram do estudo 53 homens dependentes de crack, com média de idade de 27.5±7.3 anos. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test e ao Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Os critérios de inclusão foram: dependência de cocaine (crack) baseada na 10ª edição da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) e estar há mais de 7 dias em abstinência. Pacientes que apresentavam prejuízos cognitivos ou dificuldades de compreensão para o entendimento dos questionários foram excluídos da amostra.Resultados: Os participantes eram adultos jovens, com baixa escolaridade e renda, poliusuários de drogas. A maioria dos participantes realizou mais de uma tentativa de parar o consumo. Uso de drogas lícitas no início da adolescência, antes da experimentação do crack, foi identificado.Conclusões: O perfil do dependente de crack tratado nesse hospital aponta para um grave padrão de consumo entre usuários que procuram assistência. O uso continua frequente, associado ao consumo de outras drogas e à dificuldade de manter-se em abstinência. O padrão de progressão do uso de álcool e tabaco para a dependência de crack requer atenção quanto a políticas de prevenção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Crack Cocaine/administration & dosage , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy , Sociological Factors , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data
13.
Psicol. argum ; 33(81): 258-265, maio-ago. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-68894

ABSTRACT

A dificuldade de manejo dos sintomas de craving entre indivíduos dependentes de substância aponta para a importância de investigações acerca dos diversos mecanismos que podem influenciar estes sintomas. Diversos estudos sugerem a existência de diferenças entre os gêneros no que se refere a evolução dos sintomas de craving. Objetivo: Comparar os sintomas de craving entre homens e mulheres com dependência de cocaína tipo crack Método: Participaram do estudo 58 indivíduos, sendo 30 mulheres e 28 homens, dependentes de cocaína tipo crack, internados em uma unidade de desintoxicação. Para investigar sintomas de craving utilizou-se o Cocaine Questionnaire Brief (CCQB). Resultados: O grupo de mulheres apresentou maior pontuação no fator 1 da CCQB em relação ao grupo de homens. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos no fator 2 da CCQB. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem maior intensidade dos sintomas de craving associados ao desejo de experienciar novamente os efeitos da substancia em mulheres.(AU)


The difficulty of managing symptoms of craving among substance-dependent individuals points to the importance of research on the different mechanisms that can influence these symptoms. Studies suggest that gender differences influence the severity of craving symptoms. Objective: To compare craving symptoms between men and women with crack cocaine-dependence. Methods: Methods: 58 subjects, 30 women and 28 men, were recruited after admission to detoxification treatment facility. Craving symptoms were assessed with Cocaine Brief Questionnaire (CCQB). Assessment of substance use pattern took part in this study. Results: The group of women reported higher scores in factor 1 of CCQB. There were no significant differences between groups in factor 2 of CCQB. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated greater severity of symptoms of craving associated with the desire of experiencing again the substance effects in women.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Behavior, Addictive/diagnosis , Crack Cocaine , Cocaine , Cocaine-Related Disorders
14.
Psicol. argum ; 33(81): 258-265, maio-ago.2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-797239

ABSTRACT

A dificuldade de manejo dos sintomas de craving entre indivíduos dependentes de substância aponta para a importância de investigações acerca dos diversos mecanismos que podem influenciar estes sintomas. Diversos estudos sugerem a existência de diferenças entre os gêneros no que se refere a evolução dos sintomas de craving. Objetivo: Comparar os sintomas de craving entre homens e mulheres com dependência de cocaína tipo crack Método: Participaram do estudo 58 indivíduos, sendo 30 mulheres e 28 homens, dependentes de cocaína tipo crack, internados em uma unidade de desintoxicação. Para investigar sintomas de craving utilizou-se o Cocaine Questionnaire Brief (CCQB). Resultados: O grupo de mulheres apresentou maior pontuação no fator 1 da CCQB em relação ao grupo de homens. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos no fator 2 da CCQB. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem maior intensidade dos sintomas de craving associados ao desejo de experienciar novamente os efeitos da substancia em mulheres...


The difficulty of managing symptoms of craving among substance-dependent individuals points to the importance of research on the different mechanisms that can influence these symptoms. Studies suggest that gender differences influence the severity of craving symptoms. Objective: To compare craving symptoms between men and women with crack cocaine-dependence. Methods: Methods: 58 subjects, 30 women and 28 men, were recruited after admission to detoxification treatment facility. Craving symptoms were assessed with Cocaine Brief Questionnaire (CCQB). Assessment of substance use pattern took part in this study. Results: The group of women reported higher scores in factor 1 of CCQB. There were no significant differences between groups in factor 2 of CCQB. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated greater severity of symptoms of craving associated with the desire of experiencing again the substance effects in women...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cocaine , Crack Cocaine , Behavior, Addictive/diagnosis , Cocaine-Related Disorders
15.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 63(2): 121-126, 07/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-718280

ABSTRACT

Objetivo O estudo visa avaliar a técnica cognitiva substituição por imagem positiva (SIP) no manejo do craving em dependentes de crack. Métodos Ensaio clínico do tipo quase-experimental de análise quantitativa. Amostra por conveniência, composta por 34 homens dependentes de cocaína/crack. Tinham o crack como a droga de escolha, haviam utilizado essa substância pela última vez entre 10 e 20 dias antes do início do tratamento. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQB), Escala Analógica Visual (EAV) para avaliar o craving e o quanto a técnica ajudou e uma ficha com dados sociodemográficos (FSD). Foram realizadas intervenções individuais. Inicialmente, foram aplicados o CCQB, a EAV e a FSD. Depois, os pacientes foram expostos a objetos relacionados ao uso do crack e foram reaplicados os instrumentos CCQB e EAV para mensuração da fissura. A seguir, foi realizada a técnica cognitiva substituição por imagem positiva e foram aplicados, pela terceira vez, o CCQB e a EAV. Resultados Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram uma redução dos escores do CCQB e da EAV pela técnica cognitiva SIP em uma amostra cujo perfil corresponde ao padrão geral dos usuários de crack. Conclusão Este estudo, apesar de algumas limitações metodológicas, sugere que a técnica cognitiva substituição por imagem positiva pode ser uma estratégia efetiva no manejo do craving em dependentes de crack. .


Objective The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of cognitive technique replaced by positive image in the management of craving for crack-cocaine-dependent patients. Methods This is a quasi-experimental clinical trial using a quantitative analysis. The convenience sample comprised 34 crack-cocaine-dependent males. These subjects had cocaine as their drug of choice, having used this substance between 10 and 20 days prior to the beginning of the treatment. The instruments used were: the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQB), the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess craving and how the technique helps to decrease it, and a form containing sociodemographic (SDF). Individual interventions were conducted with the administration of the CCQB, the VAS, and the SDF. After that, patients were exposed to objects related to the use of crack to measure craving and the same instruments were administered again. Next, cognitive technique was performed by replacing positive image for 5 minutes and were applied for the third time the instruments CCQB and VAS. Results Our findings demonstrated a decrease in the scores on the CCQB and on the VAS after the cognitive technique for positive image replacement in the sample whose profile matches the general pattern of crack users. Conclusion In spite of some methodological limitations, the present study suggests that the cognitive technique for positive image replacement is effective in the management of craving for crack-cocaine-dependent patients. .

16.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-69784

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O presente trabalho avaliou a variação do craving e da frequência cardíaca durante a exposição à estímulo em dependente de crack. Método: Estudo experimental com amostra aleatória composta por dependentes de crack internados. Os sujeitos foram divididos em grupo experimental (n=30) para quem eram apresentadas fotografias de uso de crack e grupo controle (n=30) para quem eram apresentadas fotografias neutras. Durante a exposição foi controlada: frequência cardíaca, craving e confiança. Resultados: Observou-se que o estímulo exerceu um efeito significativo sobre a variabilidade do craving (p=0,006) e da frequência cardíaca (p=0,008), não ocorrendo este fenômeno frente à confiança (p=0,983). O craving teve Variação na frequência cardíaca e intensidade do craving durante a exposição a estímulo em dependentes de crack. correlação positiva com a frequência cardíaca (r=0,347; p<0,05) no grupo experimental. Conclusões: O craving e a frequência cardíaca foram alterados quando o sujeito exposto à estímulos associados ao uso da substância, o que fundamenta a utilização da frequência cardíaca como instrumento auxiliar na avaliação do craving.(AU)


Introduction: This study evaluated the variation of craving and heart rate during exposure in hospitalized crack dependents. Method: Experimental study that had random sample of crack addicts admitted. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=30) to whom were presented crack related photographs and the control group (n=30) who saw landscapes (neutral) photos. During the exposure time heart rate, craving and trust were controlled. Results: It was observed that the experimental stimulus has had a significant effect on the variability of craving (p=0,006) and heart rate (p=0,008), this phenomenon did not occur for trust (p=0,983). The correlation between craving and heart rate was significant and of low intensity (r = 0.347; p<0.05) in the experimental group. Conclusion: The craving and heart rate were changed when the subjects was exposed to drug addiction related stimuli. These data underpin the use of the heart rate to evaluate craving.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Heart Rate , Behavior, Addictive , Crack Cocaine , Substance-Related Disorders
17.
Clin. biomed. res ; 34(3): 274-280, 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834466

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o padrão de uso de cannabis em dependentes de crack/cocaína internados para desintoxicação em uma unidade de internação especializada.Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento exploratório e transversal em amostra não aleatória (n=109) de dependentes de crack/cocaína segundo os critérios da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10). O protocolo de coleta foi composto por: informações sociodemográficas e descrição do padrão de uso de substâncias psicoativas, Inventário Beck de Ansiedade (BAI) e Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI).Resultados: Os participantes, com média de idade de 27,82 anos (DP=6,68; 18-49) e com 8,19 (2,56; 4-16) de anos de estudo, estavam internados há cerca de 14,81 dias (DP=11,51; 7-64). Verificou-se que a idade média de início do uso de cannabis (15,17 +-3,29) é bastante inferior à idade de início do uso de crack (22,76 +-6,28). Achados indicam que a cannabis foi a primeira droga ilícita a ser consumida pelos dependentes de crack, sendo que 96,33% desses sujeitos apresentavam dependência de cannabis. Conclusão: Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva (r=0,385) de intensidade baixa entre a idade de início de consumo de crack e de cannabis, concluindo-se que, quanto mais cedo é iniciado o uso de cannabis, mais cedo é iniciado o uso de crack.


Introduction: This study aimed to determine the pattern of cannabis use by subjects addicted to crack/cocaine admitted for detoxification in a specialized unit.Methods: Quantitative research with an exploratory and cross-sectional design using a non-random sample (n= 109) of crack/cocaine addicts according to criteria from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD- 10). The data collection protocol was composed of sociodemographic information and description of the pattern of psychoactive substances use, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Mean age was 27.82 years (SD= 6.68; 18-49), mean educational attainment was 8.19 years (2.56, 4-16), and patients were hospitalized for about 14,81 days (SD= 11.51;7-64). The average age of onset of cannabis use (15.17 + -3.29) was significantly earlier than the age of onset of crack use (22.76 + -6.28). Findings indicate that cannabis is the first illicit drug consumed by crack addicts, with 96.33% of these subjects presenting cannabis addiction. Conclusion: A positive, low-intensity correlation (0.385) between age of onset of crack use and cannabis use was found. This study concludes that the earlier the onset of cannabis use, the earlier the onset of crack/cocaine use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Age of Onset , Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology , Marijuana Abuse/psychology , Crack Cocaine , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/etiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology , Adolescent , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/etiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
18.
Clin. biomed. res ; 34(4): 387-396, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834478

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a validação psicométrica do Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form - Versão Brasil (MCQ-SF – Versão Brasil). Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, uma amostra não aleatória de 120 participantes do sexo masculino foi dividida em dois grupos: Grupo 1, incluindo usuários de cannabis da população geral (n=34) e Grupo 2, incluindo pacientes internados em unidade de dependência química e que preenchiam critérios diagnósticos para dependência de cannabis pela CID-10 (n=86). Os indivíduos do Grupo 1, que foram recrutados pelo método snow-ball, deviam estar utilizando a cannabis há pelo menos um ano, tê-la utilizado pela última vez há no mínimo 24 e no máximo 48 horas, e não ser dependentes de outras substâncias psicoativas salvo a nicotina. Os indivíduos do Grupo 2 deviam apenas preencher critérios diagnósticos para dependência de cannabis, não sendo necessário que não fossem dependentes de outras substâncias psicoativas. Além disso, deviam estar utilizando a cannabis há pelo menos um ano e tê-la utilizado pela última vez há no mínimo 24 horas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevista clínica com dados sociodemográficos, SRQ20, MMSE, MCQ-SF – Versão Brasil, EAV do craving, BDI, BAI, estímulo visual indutor de craving. Resultados: Na análise fatorial, foram encontrados três fatores: Emocionalidade, Intencionalidade e Compulsividade. Os três fatores apresentaram variância total de 66,74%. O alfa de Cronbach do seu total de pontos foi 0,89. O instrumento no total de pontos foi correlacionado com a Escala Analógico-Visual (r=0,644; p<0,01) Conclusões: Conclui-se que o MCQ-SF – Versão Brasil demonstrou ter propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias.


Introduction: We aimed to conduct a psychometric validation of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form – Brazil Version (MCQ-SF – Brazil Version). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a non-random sample of 120 males were allocated into two groups: Group 1, including cannabis users in the general population (n=34) or Group 2, including patients admitted to a chemical dependency unit and who met diagnostic criteria for cannabis dependence in the ICD-10 (n=86). The subjects in Group 1, who were recruited by the snowball method, should be using cannabis for at least 1 year and for the last time between 24 and 48 hours before data collection. Additionally, they should not have any other addiction except nicotine. Subjects in Group 2 should only fulfill diagnostic criteria for cannabis dependence and may also be dependent on other psychoactive substances. The subjects should be using cannabis for at least one year and for the last time at least 24 hours before data collection. The instruments used were: clinical interview with sociodemographic data, SRQ20, MMSE, MCQ-SF Brazil Version - VAS of Craving, BDI, BAI, and visual stimulus inducing craving. Results: Factor analysis revealed three factors: Emotionality, Intentionality and Compulsivity. The three factors showed a total variance of 66.74%. Cronbach’s alpha of the total score was 0.89. The instrument total score was correlated with the VAS (r=0.644, p<0.01). Conclusions: We conclude that the MCQ-SF – Brazil Version has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Affect , Marijuana Abuse/psychology , Behavior, Addictive/psychology , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis
19.
Rev. bras. ter. cogn ; 9(2): 108-117, dez. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-65846

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática a respeito da associação entre eventos estressores e recaídas em usuários de substâncias psicoativas.MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed/Medline e Web of Science. Os descritores utilizados foram: substance abuse, substance dependence, drug abuse, drug addiction, stressful events, stressful life events, stress. Como precipitador foi definido um evento estressor e, como desfecho, a recaída.RESULTADOS: O nível de estresse aumentou 1,66 o risco de recaída, e os eventos estressores agudos aumentaram quase três vezes esse risco. Os eventos estressores mais prevalentes foram dificuldades financeiras crônicas e morte de um pai ou responsável. O domínio do estresse e os maiores recursos de enfrentamento de eventos estressantes da vida resultam em habilidades de manutenção da abstinência.CONCLUSÕES: Indivíduos com histórico de eventos estressantes na infância são mais suscetíveis ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. Os eventos estressores crônicos e agudos aumentam consideravelmente o risco de recaída, sendo que os eventos agudos quase triplicaram o risco e diminuíram o tempo até a recaída, demonstrando a necessidade de intervenção terapêutica no tratamento do dependente químico que está mais vulnerável(AU)


OBJECTIVE: A systematic review on the association between stressful events and relapse in psychoactive substance users.METHOD: A systematic literature review, based on electronic data platforms EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed/Medline and Web of Science. The descriptor terms used were: substance abuse, substance dependence, drug abuse, drug addiction, stressful events, stressful life events, stress. The precipitate was defined as being the stressor event, and, as the outcome, the relapse.RESULTS: The level of stress increased the risk of relapse in 1,66 and acute stressful events increased almost three times the risk. The most prevalent stressors events were the death of a parent or guardian and chronic financial difficulties.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with a history of stressful events in childhood are more susceptible to substance abuse. Chronic stressors and acute stressors increase the risk of relapse, and the acute events nearly tripled the risk and reduced the duration of abstinence. This demonstrates the need for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of the chemically dependent who is most vulnerable(AU)

20.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831632

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a associação entre o nível de atividade física como prática corporal inclusa na rotina de adolescentes e a utilização de substâncias psicoativas. Método: Estudo transversal com 147 adolescentes escolares. Avaliou-se a prática de atividade física, o perfil de consumo e os dados sociodemográficos por meio de questionários. Resultados: Observou-se um percentual de adolescentes ativos de 44,2% (N=65); com tempo gasto sentado durante a semana de 282,71 horas, e no final de semana de 305,97 horas. Evidenciou-se correlação positiva moderada entre o "tempo gasto sentado durante a semana" e a "quantidade média de álcool utilizada" (r=,450; p<0,05). Conclusões: Ficou evidente a existência de um grande percentual de adolescentes categorizados como inativos, tendo-se também observado no presente estudo associação entre ser ativo e ter utilizado substâncias psicoativas ilícitas recentemente (AU)


Background: This study aims to analyze the association between the level of routine physical activity and the use of psychoactive substances by middle and high school students in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area. Method: Cross-sectional study with 147 adolescent students. We used questionnaires to collect data on the levels of physical activity, on patterns of substance use and on the subjects' sociodemographic profiles. Results: We found that 44.2% (n=65) of the subjects lead an active lifestyle. Time spent sitting during the week was 282.71 hours, and on weekends it was 305.97 hours. Data analysis showed a moderate positive correlationbetween "time spent sitting during the week" and "average amount of alcohol consumption". Conclusions: A large percentage of the students were classified as inactive. This study also showed a positive correlation between an active lifestyle and recent substance use (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Exercise/psychology , Motor Activity , Risk Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data
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