ABSTRACT
Firocoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug specifically formulated for veterinary medicine and selectively acts on inhibiting the cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme (COX-2). This study evaluated the possible adverse effects of administering oral therapeutic firocoxib on gastric mucosa, hematological parameters, coagulation cascade, and hepatic and renal biochemistry in healthy horses. Nine clinically healthy Arabian horses, approximately 9 years old, received 0.1 mg/kg of oral firocoxib for 14 days. The gastroscopic examination was conducted 1 day before starting treatment (D0) and two days after the last blood collection (D23). Venous blood samples were obtained for laboratory tests on day 1, immediately prior to the initiation of treatment (D1), after 7 and 14 days of treatment (D7 and D14), and 7 days after the conclusion of treatment (D21. No changes were found in the gastroscopic and hematological tests. Coagulation and serum biochemistry levels remain between these species' average values. However, the increased activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) indicate reduced blood coagulation capacity, which contradicts the expected effect of treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors, as these drugs theoretically promote coagulation. Administering firocoxib to horses is safe as it does not cause significant adverse reactions. Therefore, it is a suitable option for managing inflammatory conditions in these animals with attention to an unexpected adverse anti-coagulopathy effect, and further study is warranted.
ABSTRACT
The acute administration of an indirect activator of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in human athletes causes a reduction in blood lactate level during and after exercise. A single IV dose (2.5m.kg-1) of dichloroacetate (DCA) was administered before a submaximal incremental exercise test (IET) with five velocity steps, from 5.0 m.s-1 for 1 min to 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5m.s-1 every 30s in four untrained mares. The blood collections were done in the period after exercise, at times 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Blood lactate and glucose (mM) were determined electro-enzymatically utilizing a YSI 2300 automated analyzer. There was a 15.3% decrease in mean total blood lactate determined from the values obtained at all assessment times in both trials after the exercise. There was a decrease in blood lactate 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after exercise for the mares that received prior DCA treatment, with respective mean values of 6.31±0.90 vs 5.81±0.50, 6.45±1.19 vs 5.58±1.06, 6.07±1.56 vs 5.26±1.12, 4.88±1.61 vs 3.95±1.00, 3.66±1.41 vs 2.86±0.75 and 2.75±0.51 vs 2.04±0.30. There was no difference in glucose concentrations. By means of linear regression analysis, V140, V160, V180 and V200 were determined (velocity at which the rate heart is 140, 160, 180, and 200 beats/minute, respectively). The velocities related to heart rate did not differ, indicating that there was no ergogenic effect, but prior administration of a relatively low dose of DCA in mares reduced lactatemia after an IET.
A administração aguda de um ativador indireto da enzima piruvato desidrogenase (PD) em atletas da espécie humana provoca redução na concentração de lactato sanguíneo durante e após exercício. Uma dose única, intravenosa de 2.5m.kg-1 de dicloroacetato (DCA) foi administrada antes de um exercício teste incremental submáximo (ETI) com cinco etapas de velocidade sendo 5,0 ms-1 por 1 minuto e 6,0, 6,5, 7,0, e 7,5 ms-1 a cada 30 segundos em quatro éguas destreinadas. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas no período após o exercício, nos momentos de 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 20 min. Lactato e glicose (mM) foram determinados electro-enzimaticamente utilizando um analisador automático (YSI 2300). Houve redução de 15,3% no lactato sanguíneo total médio que foi determinado a partir dos valores obtidos em todos os momentos de avaliação em ambos os testes, após o exercício. Houve diminuição na lactatemia 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos após exercício para as éguas que receberam infusão de DCA, com os respectivos valores médios de 6,31±0,90 versus 5,81±0,50, 6,45±1,19 versus 5,58±1,06, 6,07±1,56 versus 5,26±1,12, 4,88±1,61 versus 3,95±1,00, 3,66±1,41 versus 2,86±0,75 e 2,75±0,51 versus 2,04±0,30. Não houve diferença nas concentrações de glicose. Por meio de análise de regressão linear, V140, V160, V180 e V200 foram determinados (velocidades em que as taxas cardíacas alcançam 140, 160, 180 e 200 bpm, respectivamente). As velocidades relacionadas com a frequência cardíaca não diferiram, indicando que não houve efeito ergogênico, mas a administração prévia de uma dose relativamente baixa de DCA em éguas reduziu a lactatemia após um ETI.
