Did physical aggression in women increase during the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? A perspective of facial trauma.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to assess whether there was an increase in physical aggression in women treated in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, through the mandatory quarantine. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional study were collected and analyzed, from March 1 to December 31, 2020. Additionally, data from the same period the previous year were collected for comparison. RESULTS: Of the etiologies reviewed for 2020, physical aggression had the highest percentage increase (+ 4.9%) and was the only etiology that showed a significant difference (p = 0.045). The mean age of the included patients was 34.05 years in 2019 and 33.97 in 2020, and most of the women had facial fractures, with nasal fractures being the most frequent, followed by jaw fractures. There was a significant increase (p = 0.34) in the conservative treatment of fractures from 2019 (48.6%) to 2020 (71.7%) and a minor (p = 0.088) increase in aggression toward intimate partners (2019, 40.9%; 2020, 63.9%). CONCLUSION: Physical aggression against women increased during the period of mandatory social isolation that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals, including emergency services professionals, must be trained to identify victims and refer them to specialized care.

New Device for Submental Endotracheal Intubation: A Prospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: Silveira et al (2020) described a new device that aims to facilitate submental intubation. This study aimed to verify the clinical complications from using this new device for submental endotracheal compared to the conventional technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent submental intubation with the orotracheal tube transposition device were compared to those who underwent the conventional technique in a prospective cohort study. The primary predictor variable was intubation technique: conventional versus device-assisted. The primary outcome was total complications (all complications trans and postoperative, were recorded). Secondary variables were 1) age, 2) sex, 3) etiology, 4) race/ethnicity, 5) fracture types, and 6) intubation procedure time. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < .05. RESULTS: Forty-two cases are described, including 24 cases with the device and 18 cases using the conventional technique. The mean age was 30.5 ± 11.228 years. The majority of patients were of male sex (88%), non-white (64%), and victims of motorcycle accidents (33%). The mean time to perform submental intubation was 9.9 minutes (±2.1293). Nine complications were recorded, including 2 intraoperative (2 tube dislocations) and 7 postoperative (5 unesthetic scars, one localized hematoma, and one skin infection). The technique used did not affect the time to submental intubation (P = .610). There was no association between technique and occurrence of intraoperative (P = .679; RR = 0.75; confidence interval [CI], 0.05-11.2), postoperative (P = .656; RR = 1.000; CI, 0.255-3.922), or total complications (P = .602; RR = 0.938; CI, 0.293-3.003). CONCLUSION: The new device proposed seems to be a good option with similar complication rates as compared to conventional submental intubation.

Profile of patients with TMJ dislocation in a level-1 emergency hospital: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a cross-sectional study of TMJ dislocation in a Brazilian level-one trauma center. METHODS: The data were collected and analyzed from electronic medical records in a period from 2013 to 2020. RESULTS: Bilateral TMJ dislocation occurred in the majority of cases, being reduced by the Nélaton maneuver associated with Barton's bandage. The average time between the dislocation and specialist appointment was 30.69 hours. Elderly patients were associated with an increased number of recurrent dislocations (p = 0.03). Furthermore, a longer dislocation time was associated with the reduction under intravenous (IV) sedation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The literature is still scarce concerning demographic data, treatment modalities, and follow-up. More studies are necessary to better understand TMJ dislocation management.

Aspiration of dental items: Case report with literature review and proposed management algorithm.

The aim of this present study is to describe a case of a screwdriver implant aspiration removed with flexible bronchoscopy. This study reviewed the current literature and the authors also proposed an airway management algorithm in case of suspected foreign body aspiration during dental procedures. A review of English-language literature of aspiration of objects after clinical dental practice from 1984 to 2021 was performed. The bronchoscopy was the main method for dental items removal. A total of 57 cases from the literature were enrolled in this study. Aspiration of dental crown and prostheses (43.85%) followed by implant material (19.29%) and tooth (15.78%) were the main aspirated items. Prevention is the better way to avoid this type of complication. Early diagnosis facilitates the removal of foreign body and bronchoscopy is considered the treatment of choice for removal of foreign body aspiration. Also, regular professional training in basic life support is required.

Factors Associated With Violence Against Women and Facial Trauma of a Representative Sample of the Brazilian Population: Results of a Retrospective Study.

STUDY DESIGN: Violence against women is a challenge in public health. It involves women of all ages, socioeconomic statuses, cultures, and religions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey of facial trauma among women who experienced physical aggression by an intimate partner. METHODS: Electronic medical records from a public tertiary referral hospital for trauma in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo were analyzed between 2013 and 2018. RESULTS: Patients were most commonly between 20 and 29 years of age (33.9%), and 50% of the patients were of mixed race. When separated by days of the week, facial trauma was most commonly inflicted on Sundays (24.2%) and on Saturdays (22.6%). Of the 62 women included in the study, 47 had facial fractures, and 7 had more than 1 concomitant fracture. Forty of the total fractures (72.7%) were on the middle and upper thirds of the face, while 15 fractures (27.3%) were on the lower third of the face. The most commonly observed signs and symptoms of these injuries were edema (56.5%), periorbital ecchymosis (35.5%), deviated nasal dorsum (22.6%), and hematoma (16.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Facial trauma may be considered an important marker of attempted femicide. Health care professionals must be aware of and attentive to this correlation, since many cases of attempted femicide go unnoticed or are attributed to another etiology.

Treatment Following Erythema Multiforme in the Oral Mucosa After qHPV Vaccine with Low-Level Laser Therapy: Case Report

ABSTRACT: Erythema multiforme (EM) is a mucocutaneous condition of uncertain etiology, although the hypersensitivity reaction to a wide variety of agents may be related to the onset of the lesions. In about half of the affected patients it is possible to identify a previous infection. This article aims to report a case of EM in the oralmucosa after qHPV vaccine (Gardasil®), to highlight the diagnostic process and the proposed treatment. Female patient, 16 years old, after 10 days of receiving the first dose of the qHPV vaccine. On physical examination, she presented multiple ulcers and hemorrhagic crusts to the touch, based on the clinical picture and the history of the disease, a diagnostic hypothesis was EM. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was chosen as an alternative treatment, since the exercises applied were not successful. The patient was followed up, reported decreased pain and burn and, after one year of treatment, there was no recurrence of the lesions. Laser treatment showed an effective treatment alternative, in addition to the low cost and ease of application.

RESUMEN: El eritema multiforme (EM) es una afección mucocutánea de etiología incierta, aunque la reacción de hipersensibilidad a una amplia variedad de agentes puede estar relacionada con la aparición de las lesiones. En aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes afectados es posible identificar una infección previa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo informar un caso de EM en la mucosa oral después de la vacuna qHPV (Gardasil®), para resaltar el proceso de diagnóstico y el tratamiento propuesto. Paciente de 16 años, después de 10 días de recibir la primera dosis de la vacuna qHPV. En el examen físico, presentó múltiples úlceras y costras hemorrágicas al tacto, según el cuadro clínico y la historia de la enfermedad, una hipótesis diagnóstica fue EM. La terapia con láser de baja potencia (TLBP) se eligió como un tratamiento alternativo, ya que los ejercicios aplicados no tuvieron éxito. La paciente fue seguida, informó disminución del dolor y las quemaduras y, después de un año de tratamiento, no hubo recurrencia de las lesiones. El tratamiento con láser mostró una alternativa de tratamiento efectivo, además del bajo costo y la facilidad de aplicación.

Does the Lockdown Influence the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service in a Level 1 Trauma Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

ABSTRACT: The pandemic status of the Novel Coronavirus 2019 has affected many countries around the world, due to the high virulence of the SARS-CoV-2, the recommended protocol to prevent infection is social isolation. The purpose of this study was to compare the number of patients admitted and their epidemiological data on a Level 1 Trauma Hospital after the declaration of the pandemic status and the first week of mandatory lockdown, with the same period of time in the last year. This was a retrospective study of medical records from the patients admitted in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the João XXIII Hospital, between the March 24 and March 31 of 2020 and the same period of the last year. There was a 52.27% decrease in the total number of patients and 76.34% decrease in the total consultations of the service of oral and maxillofacial surgery during the lockdown. All the groups presented a decrease in significance with motor vehicle accidents events, the group 11 to 20 years old presented an increase on the correlation with violence (P = 0.019) and falls (P = 0.002). When comparing both sex with the etiologies, the male one presented an increase in the correlation with violence and falls. The female sex presented correlations only with the minor causes. No valid significance was observed when comparing females with violence events. The lockdown is an effective way to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19, the hospital usage and occupation.

Epidemiological analysis of 736 patients who suffered facial trauma in Brazil / Análisis epidemiológico de 736 pacientes que sufrieron trauma facial en Brasil

The etiology of facial fractures is directly related to the studied country, varying according to the socioeconomic, cultural condition of the population, besides the period of investigation. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of the prevalence, treatment modalities and complications rates of maxillofacial fractures in a hospital in the state of Espírito Santo, over a period of 5 years. A total of 428 patients presented a facial fracture, with a prevalence of males (436), with a mean age of 40 years. Regarding the number of fractures, 291 individuals suffered fractures only in the fixed skeleton, 97 only in the mandible, and 48 suffered fractures in both fixed and mandibular skeletons. The predominant anatomical site in fixed skeletal fractures was zygomatic complex (56.6 %), orbit (31.9 %) and nose (29.2 %); while in the mandible the condyle (33.8 %), body (17.9 %) and angle (13.1 %). The frequent etiology was falls, physical aggression, sports accidents. Regarding the type of treatment, in fixed skeleton 192 fractures were treated conservatively and 303 by surgery. Already in the mandible, the numbers were 43 and 143, respectively. In addition, 24 patients progressed with some type of complication in one or more operated sites. It is worth mentioning that epidemiological assessments provide important support in the creation of legislation in the attempt to reduce important for the establishment of clinical and research priorities, since risk factors and patterns of presentation can be identified. Accordingly in an attempt to reduce these rates.

La etiología de las fracturas faciales está directamente relacionada con el país estudiado, variando según la condición socioeconómica y cultural de la población, además del período de investigación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las características epidemiológicas de la prevalencia, las modalidades de tratamiento y las tasas de complicaciones de las fracturas maxilofaciales en un hospital en el estado de Espírito Santo, durante un período de 5 años. Un total de 428 pacientes presentaron fractura facial, con una prevalencia de varones (436), con una edad media de 40 años. Con respecto al número de fracturas, 291 individuos sufrieron fracturas solo en el esqueleto fijo, 97 solo en la mandíbula y 48 sufrieron fracturas tanto en el esqueleto fijo como en el mandibular. El sitio anatómico predominante en las fracturas esqueléticas fijas fue el complejo cigomático (56,6 %), la órbita (31,9 %) y la nariz (29,2 %); mientras que en la mandíbula el cóndilo (33,8 %), el cuerpo (17,9 %) y el ángulo (13,1 %). La etiología frecuente fue caídas, agresión física, accidentes deportivos. En cuanto al tipo de tratamiento, en el esqueleto fijo se trataron 192 fracturas de forma conservadora y 303 mediante cirugía. Ya en la mandíbula, los números eran 43 y 143, respectivamente. Además, 24 pacientes progresaron con algún tipo de complicación en uno o más sitios operados. Cabe mencionar que las evaluaciones epidemiológicas brindan un apoyo importante en la creación de legislación en estos casos, para establecer prioridades clínicas y de investigación, debido a que se pueden identificar factores de riesgo y patrones de presentación. En consecuencia, en un intento de reducir estas tasas.

Queratocisto odontogênico em região anterior da maxila: relato de caso / Odontogenic keratocystic in the anterior region of the maxilla: case report

Introdução: O queratocisto odontogênico é uma lesão cística intra-óssea que se origina do resto celular da lâmina dentária. Possui crescimento lento, assintomático e é comumente encontrado em radiografias de rotina. É mais prevalente no sexo masculino entre a 2ª e 3ª décadas de vida e acomete preferencialmente a mandíbula. Objetivo: relatar um caso de queratocisto em região anterior da maxila e realizar uma revisão dos tratamentos que estão disponíveis para essa lesão. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo feminino, 46 anos de idade, durante exame radiográfico de rotina, exibiu área radiolúcida unilocular com borda esclerótica definida que se estendia do dente 11 ao 24. No exame clínico não foi possível notar nenhuma expansão da cortical óssea. Foi realizada biópsia e instalado, no mesmo momento cirúrgico, dispositivo para descompressão da lesão. Após análise histopatológica e confirmação diagnóstica, a paciente foi submetida a enucleação cirúrgica. Conclusão: o paciente permanece em acompanhamento há 3 anos sem sinais clínicos ou radiográficos de recidiva da lesão.

Introduction: The odontogenic keratocyst is an intraosseous cystic lesion that originates the cellular remnant of the dental blade. It has slow growth, asymptomatic and is commonly found in routine radiographs. It is more prevalent in males between the 2nd and 3rd decades of life and affects the mandible preferentially. Objective: to report a case of keratocystic in the anterior region ofthe maxilla and to review the available treatments for this lesion. Case report: A 46-year-old female patient, during the routine radiographicexamination, exhibited a unilocular radiolucent area with a sclerotic border according to the extension of tooth 11 to 24. Conclusion: the patient remained in follow-up for 3 years without clinical or radiographic signs of recurrence of the lesion.

Tratamento conservador de hemangioma em lábio ­ relato de caso / Hemangioma on lip conservative treatment ­ case report

Hemangioma é uma neoplasia benigna de origem vascular comum, embora assintomática, pode causar compressão de estruturas vizinhas, ulcerações ou sangramentos. Na boca, os locais mais afetados por essa alteração patológica são a língua, os lábios e a mucosa jugal. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de hemangioma em lábio, ressaltar os aspectos clínicos e o tratamento de escolha. Paciente AJF, 59 anos, sexo masculino, apresentou-se à Clínica de Estomatologia da FAESA com um nódulo em lábio superior do lado esquerdo de superfície lisa e consistência amolecida. O exame de diascopia positivo evidenciou uma leve palidez na coloração arroxeada da lesão e a hipótese diagnóstica foi de hemangioma. Dentre as possíveis alternativas de tratamento, optou-se pelo uso de agente esclerosante devido ao seu baixo custo, sua eficiência e seu resultado clínico esteticamente favorável. O paciente segue em proservação sem necessidade de uma nova intervenção e satisfeito com o resultado estético (AU).

Hemangioma is a benign neoplasm of common vascular origin that, although asymptomatic, may cause compression of neighboring structures, ulcerations or bleeding. In the mouth, the sites most affected by this pathological alteration are the tongue, the lips, and the jugal mucosa. The objective of this paper is to report a clinical case of hemangioma, to highlight the clinical aspects and treatment of choice. Patient AJF, 59- year-old, male, came to the Stomatology Clinic of FAESA with a nodule on the left side of the upper lip of smooth surface and softened consistency. The positive diascopy showed a slight pallor in the lesion purple coloration and the diagnostic hypothesis was hemangioma. Among the possible treatment alternatives, the use of sclerosing agent was chosen due to its low cost, efficiency and aesthetically favorable clinical result. The patient is still in proservation without the need of a new intervention and satisfied with the aesthetic result (AU).

Determination of the free radical scavenging activity of dihydropyran-2,4-diones.

The antioxidant activities of four synthetic dihydropyran-2,4-diones have been established through the determination of their abilities to inhibit free radicals using DPPH(*) as the stable radical. Whilst all of the compounds exhibited high inhibition percentages, the most active member of the group was 6-phenyl-dihydropyran-2,4-dione. The antioxidant activity of the dihydropyran-2,4-diones is reported here for the first time and extends our knowledge of the range of valuable biological activities associated with this group of compounds.