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4.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol ; 41(9): 1703-1706, 2020 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32586960

ABSTRACT

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have symptoms of anosmia or partial loss of the sense of smell, often accompanied by changes in taste. We report 5 cases (3 with anosmia) of adult patients with COVID-19 in whom injury to the olfactory bulbs was interpreted as microbleeding or abnormal enhancement on MR imaging. The patients had persistent headache (n = 4) or motor deficits (n = 1). This olfactory bulb injury may be the mechanism by which the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 causes olfactory dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Olfactory Bulb/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Olfaction Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Olfactory Bulb/injuries , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging , SARS-CoV-2 , Smell , Taste
5.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol ; 38(7): 1427-1434, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28522665

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although microcephaly is the most prominent feature of congenital Zika syndrome, a spectrum with less severe cases is starting to be recognized. Our aim was to review neuroimaging of infants to detect cases without microcephaly and compare them with those with microcephaly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated all neuroimaging (MR imaging/CT) of infants 1 year of age or younger. Patients with congenital Zika syndrome were divided into those with microcephaly at birth, postnatal microcephaly, and without microcephaly. Neuroimaging was compared among groups. RESULTS: Among 77 infants, 24.6% had congenital Zika syndrome (11.7% microcephaly at birth, 9.1% postnatal microcephaly, 3.9% without microcephaly). The postnatal microcephaly and without microcephaly groups showed statistically similar imaging findings. The microcephaly at birth compared with the group without microcephaly showed statistically significant differences for the following: reduced brain volume, calcifications outside the cortico-subcortical junctions, corpus callosum abnormalities, moderate-to-severe ventriculomegaly, an enlarged extra-axial space, an enlarged cisterna magna (all absent in those without microcephaly), and polymicrogyria (the only malformation present without microcephaly). There was a trend toward pachygyria (absent in groups without microcephaly). The group with microcephaly at birth compared with the group with postnatal microcephaly showed significant differences for simplified gyral pattern, calcifications outside the cortico-subcortical junctions, corpus callosum abnormalities, moderate-to-severe ventriculomegaly, and an enlarged extra-axial space. CONCLUSIONS: In microcephaly at birth, except for polymicrogyria, all patients showed abnormalities described in the literature. In postnatal microcephaly, the only abnormalities not seen were a simplified gyral pattern and calcifications outside the cortico-subcortical junction. Infants with normocephaly presented with asymmetric frontal polymicrogyria, calcifications in the cortico-subcortical junction, mild ventriculomegaly, and delayed myelination.


Subject(s)
Malformations of Cortical Development/diagnostic imaging , Microcephaly/diagnostic imaging , Neuroimaging/methods , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnostic imaging , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/diagnostic imaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Zika Virus Infection/congenital
6.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol ; 38(5): 1045-1053, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28364011

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arthrogryposis is among the malformations of congenital Zika syndrome. Similar to the brain, there might exist a spectrum of spinal cord abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe in detail the MR imaging features found in the spinal cords, nerve roots, and brains of children with congenital Zika syndrome with and without arthrogryposis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve infants with congenital Zika syndrome (4 with arthrogryposis and 8 without) who had undergone brain and spinal cord MR imaging were retrospectively selected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed and compared between groups. RESULTS: At visual inspection, both groups showed reduced thoracic spinal cord thickness: 75% (6/8) of the group without arthrogryposis and 100% (4/4) of the arthrogryposis group. However, the latter had the entire spinal cord reduced and more severely reduced conus medullaris anterior roots (respectively, P = .002 and .007). Quantitative differences were found for conus medullaris base and cervical and lumbar intumescences diameters (respectively, P = .008, .048, .008), with more prominent reduction in arthrogryposis. Periventricular calcifications were more frequent in infants with arthrogryposis (P = .018). CONCLUSIONS: Most infants had some degree of spinal cord thickness reduction, predominant in the thoracic segment (without arthrogryposis) or in the entire spinal cord (with arthrogryposis). The conus medullaris anterior roots were reduced in both groups (thinner in arthrogryposis). A prominent anterior median fissure of the spinal cord was absent in infants without arthrogryposis. Brain stem hypoplasia was present in all infants with arthrogryposis, periventricular calcifications, in the majority, and polymicrogyria was absent.


Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Spinal Cord/pathology , Spinal Nerve Roots/pathology , Zika Virus Infection/pathology , Arthrogryposis/etiology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Nerve Roots/diagnostic imaging , Syndrome , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/diagnostic imaging
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