ABSTRACT
We report the design and synthesis of two new mitomycin dimers, 7-N,7'-N'-(1â³,2â³-dithiepanyl-3â³,7â³-dimethylenyl)bismitomycin C (8) and 7-N,7'-N'-(2â³,6â³-dihydroxy-1â³,7â³-heptanediyl)bismitomycin C (9). Mitomycins 8 and 9 are dimers connected by a seven-membered cyclic disulfide (a 1,2-dithiepane) and a 2,6-dihydroxyheptane linkers, respectively. Mitomycin 8 was designed to undergo efficient nucleophilic activation and following alkylation to give DNA adducts such as DNA interstrand cross-link (DNA ISC) adducts. The key moiety in 8 is a seven-membered cyclic disulfide linker that can generate two thiol groups in a molecule through disulfide cleavage. The two thiols can serve as probes to activate two mitomycin rings by intramolecular cyclization to quinone rings. The mitomycin 8 was synthesized using mitomycin A (1) and the key intermediate, cyclic disulfide 11 that was prepared through a nine-step synthetic sequence from 1,6-heptadiene (12). The diol mitomycin 9 was also synthesized from 1 and diamine salt 15.
Subject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry , Mitomycins/chemistry , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemical synthesis , Dimerization , Mitomycins/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is expressed on Th2 cells, found in inflamed tissues of allergic diseases, and is therefore suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases by controlling Th2 cell migration into inflamed tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of a selective CCR4 antagonist, K327 [6-cyclopropancarbonyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzylamino)-2-(4-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl] piperazin-1-yl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrido (4,3-d)pyrimidine], on the recruitment of CCR4+CD4+ T cells to the airway of mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. K327 was administered to mice in which CCR4+CD4+ T cell accumulation was elicited by multiple inhalations of aerosolized ovalbumin. K327 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the recruitment of CCR4+CD4+ T cells with an ID(50 )value of 44 mg/kg, p.o. twice daily. The antiasthmatic potential of K327 was also demonstrated by the fact that K327 suppressed the elevation of Th2 cytokines and airway eosinophilia. These results indicate that CCR4 antagonists can control in vivo migration of Th2 cells which express CCR4 and, presumably, serve as a new class of therapeutic agent for allergy.
Subject(s)
Lung/drug effects , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Receptors, CCR4/antagonists & inhibitors , Th2 Cells/drug effects , Animals , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/immunology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cytokines/drug effects , Cytokines/immunology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Eosinophilia/drug therapy , Eosinophilia/immunology , Humans , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/immunology , Lung/immunology , Lung/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Ovalbumin , Pyridines/administration & dosage , Pyrimidines/administration & dosage , Th2 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/metabolismABSTRACT
5-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)pyrimidine derivative 1 was identified as a new class of FLT3 inhibitor from our compound library. With the aim of enhancement of antitumor activity of 2 prepared by minor modification of 1, structure optimization of side chains at the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions of the pyrimidine ring of 2 was performed to improve the metabolic stability. Introduction of polar substituents on the 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl group contributed to a significant increase in the metabolic stability. As a result, a series of compounds showed increased efficacy against MOLM-13 xenograft model in mice by oral administration.
Subject(s)
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Oxadiazoles/chemical synthesis , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Drug Design , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Mice , Mice, SCID , Models, Chemical , Neoplasm Transplantation , Oxadiazoles/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/chemistryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antileukemia activity of a novel FLT3 kinase inhibitor, FI-700. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The antileukemia activity of FI-700 was evaluated in human leukemia cell lines, mutant or wild-type (Wt)-FLT3-expressing mouse myeloid precursor cell line, 32D and primary acute myeloid leukemia cells, and in xenograft or syngeneic mouse leukemia models. RESULTS: FI-700 showed a potent IC(50) value against FLT3 kinase at 20 nmol/L in an in vitro kinase assay. FI-700 showed selective growth inhibition against mutant FLT3-expressing leukemia cell lines and primary acute myeloid leukemia cells, whereas it did not affect the FLT3 ligand (FL)-driven growth of Wt-FLT3-expressing cells. These antileukemia activities were induced by the significant dephosphorylations of mutant FLT3 and STAT5, which resulted in G(1) arrest of the cell cycle. Oral administration of FI-700 induced the regression of tumors in a s.c. tumor xenograft model and increased the survival of mice in an i.v. transplanted model. Furthermore, FI-700 treatment eradicated FLT3/ITD-expressing leukemia cells, both in the peripheral blood and in the bone marrow. In this experiment, the depletion of FLT3/ITD-expressing cells by FI-700 was more significant than that of Ara-C, whereas bone marrow suppression by FI-700 was lower than that by Ara-C. CONCLUSIONS: FI-700 is a novel and potent FLT3 inhibitor with promising antileukemia activity.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Leukemia/pathology , Mutation/genetics , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Animals , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Blotting, Western , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cytarabine/pharmacology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Leukemia/genetics , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H , Mice, SCID , STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics , Signal Transduction , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/geneticsABSTRACT
In practical cardiology, a stethoscope based auscultation has been used to reveal the patient's clinical status. Recently, several hand-held echo devices are going on market and they are expected to play a role as "visible" auscultation instead of stethoscope. We have developed a portable and inexpensive echo device which can be used for screening of cardiac function. Two single element transducers were attached 180 degrees apart to a rotor with 14-mm diameter. The mechanical scanner, integrated circuits for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals and an A/D converter were encapsulated in a 150 x 40 mm probe weighing 200 g. The scan was started and the image was displayed on a Windows based personal computer (PC) as soon as the probe was connected to USB 2.0 port of the PC. The central frequency was available between 2.5 and 7.5 MHz, the image depth was 15 cm and the frame rate was 30/s. The estimated price of this ultra-portable ultrasound is about 3000 US dollars with software. For 69 cardiac patients with informed consent, image quality was compared with those obtained with basic range diagnostic echo machines. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) derived from normal M-mode image of standard machines (EFm) were compared with visual EF of the ultra-portable ultrasound device (EFv). The image quality was comparable to the basic range diagnostic echo machines although short axis view of aortic root was not clearly visualized because the probe was too large for intercostal approach. EFv agreed well with EFm. The ultra-portable ultrasound may provide useful information on screening and health care.
