Ejercicio físico, calidad de vida y salud de diabéticos tipo 2 / Physical exercise, quality of life and health of type 2 diabetes / Exercício físico, qualidade de vida e diabetes tipo 2

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los efectos de diferentes tipos de ejercicios físicos, desarrollados durante 24 semanas, relacionados con la calidad de vida y salud de individuos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Fueron seleccionados 24 individuos inactivos de ambos sexos, con un promedio de edad de 60.41 años. Los individuos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en tres grupos: ejercicio aeróbico, ejercicio resistido y ejercicio de flexibilidad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una ficha de registros sobre anamnesis clínica, una ficha de registro de control diario, El Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q 1 y 2), cuestionario de calidad de vida relacionada a la salud SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey) y las lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad por medio de análisis bioquímico. Solamente en el ejercicio aeróbico fueron observadas alteraciones significativas en la concentración de lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad. En relación a la calidad de vida, el ejercicio aeróbico contribuyó de manera significativa en los dominios de capacidad funcional, vitalidad y salud mental. El ejercicio resistido reveló significancia en los dominios de vitalidad y salud mental. Los resultados demostraron que la prescripción de ejercicio físico consiste en una herramienta fundamental en el control de la diabetes, mientras que el ejercicio aeróbico proporcionó un efecto positivo en la calidad de vida y salud de diabéticos tipo 2, siendo fundamental apoyo psicológico para estos pacientes a lo largo de su vida

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different types of physical exercises developed or 24 weeks-related quality of life and health of individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2. Were selected 24 individuals inactive men and women, with an average of age of 60.41 years. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and flexibility exercise. The instruments used were a form of records on clinical history, a registration of daily monitoring, the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q 1 and 2), health-related quality of life related to health SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - item Short-Form Health Survey) lipoproteins and high and low density by means of biochemical analysis. Only aerobic exercise were observed significant alterations in lipoprotein concentration and higher density. Regarding quality of life, aerobic exercise contributed significantly in the domains of functional capacity, vitality and mental health. The resistance exercise revealed significance in the domains of vitality and mental health. The results showed that the prescription of physical exercise is an essential tool in the management of diabetes, while aerobic exercise provided a positive effect on quality of life and health of type 2 diabetes, and essential psychological support for these patients throughout his life

O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de exercício físico desenvolvidos visando 24 semanas de qualidade de vida e saúde para indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Foram seleccionados 24 indivíduos inactivos homens e mulheres, com média de idade de 60,41 anos. Os sujeitos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: exercício aeróbio, exercício de resistência e exercício de flexibilidade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma ficha de registo de história clínica, uma de registo de monitorização diário, o Questionário de Prontidão para a Actividade Física (PAR-Q 1 e 2), um Questionário de Qualidade de Vida relacionada com a saúde SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey) e as de alta e baixa densidade por meio de análise bioquímica. Somente no exercício aeróbio foram observadas alterações significativas na concentração e densidade de lipoproteína. Em relação à qualidade de vida, o exercício aeróbio contribuiu significativamente nos domínios da capacidade funcional, vitalidade e saúde mental. O exercício de resistência revelou significância nos domínios da vitalidade e saúde mental. Os resultados mostraram que a prescrição do exercício físico é uma ferramenta essencial no controlo da diabetes, enquanto o exercício aeróbio proporcionou um efeito positivo na qualidade de vida e saúde, bem como um apoio psicológico essencial para estes pacientes ao longo da sua vida

Effects of Nordic walking on Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials / Efeitos da caminhada nórdica na doença de Parkinson: uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados / Los beneficios de la caminata nórdica en la enfermedad de Parkinson: estudio clínico sistemático aleatorio

ABSTRACT Several exercise modalities improve the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Among the variety of physical exercises, Nordic walking has been used. The aim of this study was to summarize scientific literature on effects of Nordic walking on patients with PD by a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. The following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, Cochrane, PEDro, SCOPUS and Web of Science and articles identified by manual search, without restriction of date and language. The reviewers evaluated the articles and selected studies according to the eligibility criteria. The following data were extracted from the selected studies: publication identification, participants’ characteristics (sex, age, disease stage, duration of disease), experimental intervention characteristics, control group characteristics, duration, follow-up time, outcome measures and main results. Nordic walking programs with moderate and high intensities, with a minimum of 12 sessions of 60 minutes in a period from 6 to 24 weeks promoted positive effects on the severity, gait, balance, quality of life, functional capacity and motor function in patients with PD.

RESUMO Várias modalidades de exercício melhoram os sintomas da Doença de Parkinson. Dentre a variedade de exercícios físicos, a caminhada nórdica tem sido utilizada. O objetivo do estudo foi sintetizar a produção científica sobre os efeitos da caminhada nórdica na doença de Parkinson por meio de uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Foram selecionadas as seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane, PEDro, SCOPUS e Web of Science, e artigos identificados por meio de busca manual, sem restrição de data e idioma. Os revisores avaliaram os artigos completos e os estudos selecionados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Os dados extraídos foram: identificação da publicação, características dos participantes (sexo, idade, estágio da doença, duração da doença), características da intervenção experimental, características do grupo controle, duração, seguimento, desfechos avaliados e principais resultados. Um programa de caminhada nórdica, realizado com intensidades moderada e alta, com mínimo de 12 sessões de 60 minutos em um período de 6 a 24 semanas promove efeitos positivos na gravidade da doença, marcha, equilíbrio, qualidade de vida, aptidão funcional e função motora em pacientes com doença de Parkinson.

RESUMEN Hay varias modalidades de ejercicios físicos que mejoran los síntomas de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Entre las modalidades, se destaca la caminata nórdica. El propósito de este estudio es sintetizar la producción científica sobre los beneficios de la caminata nórdica en la enfermedad de Parkinson a través de una revisión sistemática de los estudios clínicos aleatorios. Se eligieron las bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE por PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SCOPUS y Web of Science, de las cuales se identificaron textos a través de búsqueda manual, sin restricción de fecha e idioma. Los revisores evaluaron los textos completos y los elegidos según criterios. Se obtuvieron los datos: identificación de la publicación, características de los participantes (sexo, edad, etapa de la enfermedad, duración de la enfermedad), características de la intervención experimental, características del grupo control, duración, seguimiento, resultados evaluados y principales resultados. Un programa de caminata nórdica, realizado con intensidades moderada y alta, con el mínimo de 12 sesiones de 60 minutos en el periodo de 6 a 24 semanas les proporciona resultados positivos en la gravedad de la enfermedad, la marcha, el equilibrio, la calidad de vida, la aptitud funcional y la función motora de pacientes con esta enfermedad.

[Estimators of internal consistency in health research: the use of the alpha coefficient]. / Estimadores de consistencia interna en las investigaciones en salud: el uso del coeficiente alfa.

Academic production has increased in the area of health, increasingly demanding high quality in publications of great impact. One of the ways to consider quality is through methods that increase the consistency of data analysis, such as reliability which, depending on the type of data, can be evaluated by different coefficients, especially the alpha coefficient. Based on this, the present review systematically gathers scientific articles produced in the last five years, which in a methodological manner gave the α coefficient psychometric use as an estimator of internal consistency and reliability in the processes of construction, adaptation and validation of instruments. The identification of the studies was conducted systematically in the databases BioMed Central Journals, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Medline, SciELO, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, BMJ and Springer, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analyses were performed by means of triangulation, content analysis and descriptive analysis. It was found that most studies were conducted in Iran (f=3), Spain (f=2) and Brazil (f=2). These studies aimed to test the psychometric properties of instruments, with eight studies using the α coefficient to assess reliability and nine for assessing internal consistency. All studies were classified as methodological research when their objectives were analyzed. In addition, four studies were also classified as correlational and one as descriptive-correlational. It can be concluded that though the α coefficient is widely used as one of the main parameters for assessing internal consistency of questionnaires in health sciences, its use as an estimator of trust of the methodology used and internal consistency has some critiques that should be considered.

Estimadores de consistencia interna en las investigaciones en salud: el uso del coeficiente alfa / Estimators of internal consistency in health research: the use of the alpha coefficient

La producción académica ha aumentado en el área de la salud, exigiendo cada vez más calidad en las publicaciones de gran impacto. Una de las formas de considerar la calidad es por medio de procedimientos que aumentan la consistencia del análisis de los datos, como la confiabilidad, que dependiendo del tipo de datos, puede ser evaluada por diferentes coeficientes, en especial el coeficiente alfa. Basados en lo anterior, la presente revisión reúne sistemáticamente artículos científicos producidos en los últimos cinco años, que de manera metodológica hicieron uso psicométrico del coeficiente α como un estimador de consistencia interna y de confiabilidad en procesos de construcción, adaptación y validación de instrumentos. La identificación de los estudios fue realizada sistemáticamente en las bases de datos Biomed Central Journals, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Medline via Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, BMJ y Springer por medio del Portal de Periódicos CAPES, utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El análisis de los datos fue realizado por medio de triangulación, análisis de contenido y análisis descriptivo. Se obtuvo que la mayoría de los estudios fueron realizados principalmente en Irán (f=3), España (f=2) y Brasil (f=2), estos estudios tuvieron como objetivo testar las propiedades psicométricas de instrumentos, siendo que ocho estudios utilizaron el coeficiente α para evaluar la confiabilidad y nueve para evaluar la consistencia interna. Todos los estudios fueron clasificados como investigaciones metodológicas al analizar sus objetivos. Adicionalmente, cuatro estudios también fueron clasificados como correlacionales y uno como descriptivo-correlacional. Se puede concluir que a pesar de que el coeficiente α es ampliamente utilizado como uno de los principales parámetros para la evaluación de consistencia interna de instrumentos de medición del tipo cuestionario en el área de ciencias de la salud.

Academic production has increased in the area of health, increasingly demanding high quality in publications of great impact. One of the ways to consider quality is through methods that increase the consistency of data analysis, such as reliability which, depending on the type of data, can be evaluated by different coefficients, especially the alpha coefficient. Based on this, the present review systematically gathers scientific articles produced in the last five years, which in a methodological manner gave the α coefficient psychometric use as an estimator of internal consistency and reliability in the processes of construction, adaptation and validation of instruments. The identification of the studies was conducted systematically in the databases BioMed Central Journals, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Medline, SciELO, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, BMJ and Springer, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analyses were performed by means of triangulation, content analysis and descriptive analysis. It was found that most studies were conducted in Iran (f=3), Spain (f=2) and Brazil (f=2). These studies aimed to test the psychometric properties of instruments, with eight studies using the α coefficient to assess reliability and nine for assessing internal consistency. All studies were classified as methodological research when their objectives were analyzed. In addition, four studies were also classified as correlational and one as descriptive-correlational. It can be concluded that though the α coefficient is widely used as one of the main parameters for assessing internal consistency of questionnaires in health sciences, its use as an estimator of trust of the methodology used and internal consistency has some critiques that should be considered.

Anthropometric indicators of obesity in policemen: a systematic review of observational studies.

The aim of this paper was to summarize scientific literature on obesity in policemen through a systematic review of observational studies. For this purpose the following electronic databases were selected: Medline by Pubmed, CINAHL, and Scopus; and a manual search of the referenced studies concerning this topic was performed. There were no restrictions with respect to the year or language of the publication. Twenty-three studies were identified and 9 articles, considered as potentially relevant, were included. The labor time, shift and career progression promoted changes in body composition. Most of the policemen taking part in the studies included in this paper were overweight (BMI: 25.2-29.3), obese (body fat ≥ 25%), had increased waist (90.4-102 cm) and abdominal perimeters (18.9-90.5 cm), and had a higher risk of chronic disease, which is associated with depression and stress development. Interventional studies are needed for the purpose of proposing preventive and rehabilitation programs, which would result in providing physical and mental well-being, improvement of life quality and, especially, prevention of obesity related to police work.

Terapia ocupacional y educación inclusiva: aspectos relacionados al desempeño ocupacional de personas con discapacidad / Occupational therapy and inclusive education: aspects related to occupational performance of people with disabilities

La Educación inclusiva busca la igualdad de oportunidades para todos, y la Terapia Ocupacional puede contribuir para este proceso por medio del desarrollo del desempeño ocupacional. En este sentido se busca analizar las contribuciones de la Terapia Ocupacional para la educación inclusiva mediante los aspectos relacionados al desempeño ocupacional de personas con discapacidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio se caracterizó como una revisión que incluye obras de literatura especializada sobre la educación inclusiva, Terapia Ocupacional y desempeño ocupacional, destacando la Medida Canadiense de desempeño Ocupacional (COPM), que es fundamentada en las directrices de la Terapia Ocupacional para la Práctica Basada en el Cliente. A pesar de la carencia de estudios sobre este tema, fueron seleccionados artículos completos, publicados en la última década en la lengua inglesa y portuguesa. Se puede concluir que la COPM permite identifcar las principales actividades problemas, proporcionando subsidios para mejorar el desempeño y lograr satisfacción en las actividades seleccionadas. La actuación del terapeuta ocupacional en interacción con las personas con discapacidad en la educación inclusiva, puede contribuir signifcativamente para el desarrollo satisfactorio del rol ocupacional, promoviendo un desempeño ocupacional competente, favoreciendo una amplia gama de posibilidades ocupacionales.

Inclusive education seeks equality of opportunity for all and Occupational Therapy can contribute to this process through the development of occupational performance. In this regard, we attempted to analyze the Occupational Therapy contributions for inclusive education through of the aspects related to occupational performance of the people with disabilities. Therefore, this study was characterized as a review that included works of literature on inclusive education, occupational therapy and occupational performance, giving prominence to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), which is based on the Guidelines of Occupational Therapy Practice-Based Client. We selected yet, despite the lack of studies, articles published in the last decade in English and Portuguese. It can be concluded that the COPM identifes the main activities problems and offer suggestions for improving the performance and satisfaction of selected activities. The role of the occupational therapist with people with disabilities in inclusive education can contribute signifcantly to the development of satisfactory occupational roles, promoting a competent occupational performance favoring the discovery of new occupational opportunities.

Health-related quality of life and related factors of military police officers.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to determine the effect of demographic characteristics, occupation, anthropometric indices, and leisure-time physical activity levels on coronary risk and health-related quality of life among military police officers from the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: The sample included 165 military police officers who fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Short Form Health Survey were used, in addition to a spreadsheet of socio-demographic, occupational and anthropometric data. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive analysis followed by Spearman Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis using the backward method. RESULTS: The waist-to-height ratio was identified as a risk factor low health-related quality of life. In addition, the conicity index, fat percentage, years of service in the military police, minutes of work per day and leisure-time physical activity levels were identified as risk factors for coronary disease among police officers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the Military Police Department should adopt an institutional policy that allows police officers to practice regular physical activity in order to maintain and improve their physical fitness, health, job performance, and quality of life.

Qualidade de vida de idosos com deficiência e prática de atividade física em instituições de longa permanência / Quality of life of elderly with disabilities and physical activity in long-term institutions

Objetivo: Analisar as relações entre qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física de idosos com deficiência que residem em instituições de longa permanência. Método: Este estudo exploratório foi realizado com 55 idosos, por meio de questionários da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), específico para idosos (WHOQOL-Old) e sobre atividade física (IPAQ-Long), além de pesquisa em prontuários. Resultados: Constatou-se que a maioria dos idosos estudados foi caracterizada como do sexo feminino, apresentou idade entre 80 e 89 anos; predominância de deficiência visual; maiores escores de qualidade de vida geral nos domínios psicológico e social e menores escores nos domínios físico e ambiental; maiores escores de qualidade de vida relacionada ao envelhecimento nos domínios intimidade e atividade de vida (passadas, presentes e futuras); e menores escores nos domínios morte e medo de morrer e habilidades sensoriais; baixo nível de atividade física e foi considerada sedentária. Verificou-se, ainda, associação significante entre o escore geral de qualidade de vida com comportamentos sedentários e com diversos domínios da qualidade de vida relacionada ao envelhecimento. Conclusão: Os idosos pesquisados com menores tempos sentados, maiores escores nos domínios da autonomia e da intimidade, e menores escores no domínio morte e medo morrer estão associados com maiores escores de qualidade de vida. .

Objective: To analyze the relationship between quality of life and level of physical activity in elderly with disabilities in long-term institutions. Methods: Exploratory study conducted with 55 elderly, through questionnaires from the World Health Organization about quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), for elderly (WHOQOL-Old), and on physical activity (IPAQ-Long), besides medical charts. Results: Most elderly were characterized as female, aged 80 to 89 years, showed visual impairment, higher scores for general quality of life in the psychological and social domains and lower scores on the physical and environmental domains; higher scores of quality of life related to aging in the intimacy and activity of life (past, present and future) domains and lower scores death and dying and sensory skills domains; low levels of physical activity and were considered sedentary. We also found significant association between the overall score for quality of life with sedentary behavior and various domains of quality of life related to aging. Conclusion: Older respondents with less time sitting down, higher scores in the areas of autonomy and intimacy, and lower scores in the field fear death and dying are associated with higher scores for quality of life. .