Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in an Adolescent With Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis: A Challenging Etiological Dilemma.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) or benign intracranial hypertension affects the neuro-ophthalmological system and leads to elevated intracranial pressure. Elevated opening pressure during lumbar puncture is diagnostic of IIH. Here in, we present an interesting case of a 15-year-old girl, recently immigrated and with a high BMI, presenting with recurrent fever, abdominal issues, weight loss, and other symptoms, leading to a diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and HIV infection. After treatment with antibiotics (doxycycline) and antiretroviral therapy, she developed IIH, manifesting as sudden-onset headache and vision problems. MRI and lumbar puncture confirmed the diagnosis. She responded well to acetazolamide and was discharged with continued medication and follow-up appointments. This case underscores the complexity of IIH development, especially in the setting of acute HIV infection and antibiotic treatment, highlighting the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach and multidisciplinary management.

Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Therapies to interrupt the progression of early coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remain elusive. Among them, convalescent plasma administered to hospitalized patients has been unsuccessful, perhaps because antibodies should be administered earlier in the course of illness. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of convalescent plasma with high IgG titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in older adult patients within 72 hours after the onset of mild Covid-19 symptoms. The primary end point was severe respiratory disease, defined as a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute or more, an oxygen saturation of less than 93% while the patient was breathing ambient air, or both. The trial was stopped early at 76% of its projected sample size because cases of Covid-19 in the trial region decreased considerably and steady enrollment of trial patients became virtually impossible. RESULTS: A total of 160 patients underwent randomization. In the intention-to-treat population, severe respiratory disease developed in 13 of 80 patients (16%) who received convalescent plasma and 25 of 80 patients (31%) who received placebo (relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 0.94; P = 0.03), with a relative risk reduction of 48%. A modified intention-to-treat analysis that excluded 6 patients who had a primary end-point event before infusion of convalescent plasma or placebo showed a larger effect size (relative risk, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.81). No solicited adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Early administration of high-titer convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 to mildly ill infected older adults reduced the progression of Covid-19. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Fundación INFANT Pandemic Fund; Dirección de Sangre y Medicina Transfusional del Ministerio de Salud number, PAEPCC19, Plataforma de Registro Informatizado de Investigaciones en Salud number, 1421, and ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04479163.).

Prevention of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Illness: Perspectives for the Next Decade.

The landscape of infant bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia may be altered by preventive interventions against respiratory syncytial virus under evaluation today. Pediatric wards in 2018 in developing countries may differ from those attended by future generation pediatricians who may not witness the packed emergency rooms, lack of available beds, or emergency situations that all physicians caring for children with RSV experience every year. In this review, we describe and discuss different prevention strategies under evaluation to protect pediatric patients. Then, we outline a number of potential challenges, benefits, and concerns that may result from successful interventions after licensure.