ABSTRACT
This consensus statement revises and updates the recommendations for biomarkers use in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and is a joint initiative of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology. This expert group recommends determining in all cases of breast cancer the histologic grade and the alpha-estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, Ki-67 and HER2 status, in order to assist prognosis and establish therapeutic options, including hormone therapy, chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy. One of the four available genetic prognostic platforms (MammaPrint®, Oncotype DX®, Prosigna® or EndoPredict®) may be used in node-negative ER-positive patients to establish a prognostic category and decide with the patient whether adjuvant treatment may be limited to hormonal therapy. Newer technologies including next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsy, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes or PD-1 determination are at this point investigational
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Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Genetic Markers , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
On page 5 of the article, in the last paragraph of the section "Prognostic genetic platforms: molecular phenotypes and translation to the clinic" a relevant discrepancy between the text and Table 1 could be misunderstood, therefore the paragraph was corrected.
ABSTRACT
This consensus statement revises and updates the recommendations for biomarkers use in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and is a joint initiative of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology. This expert group recommends determining in all cases of breast cancer the histologic grade and the alpha-estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, Ki-67 and HER2 status, in order to assist prognosis and establish therapeutic options, including hormone therapy, chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy. One of the four available genetic prognostic platforms (MammaPrint®, Oncotype DX®, Prosigna® or EndoPredict®) may be used in node-negative ER-positive patients to establish a prognostic category and decide with the patient whether adjuvant treatment may be limited to hormonal therapy. Newer technologies including next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsy, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes or PD-1 determination are at this point investigational.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Decision Making , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Female , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Societies, Medical , SpainABSTRACT
Presentation of an uncommon case referring necrosis of an ectopic inguino-femoral testis caused by an incarcerated inguino-scrotal hernia in a 15-days old baby with a permeable peritoneum-vaginal process. In this case, the hernial incarceration episode was responsible for the organ necrosis due to an haemorrhagic infarction. Orchiectomy was performed, and the pathoanatomical diagnosis was testicular haemorrhagic infarction. Review of the pathogenic mechanisms of testicular ectopia, associated anomalies and likely acute complications: torsion, hernial strangulation, traumatism and infections simulating acute abdomen which, in spite of their rarity, may have serious consequences with regard to testicular viability.
Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/pathology , Hernia, Inguinal/complications , Cryptorchidism/complications , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Necrosis/etiology , Scrotum , Testicular Diseases/etiology , Testicular Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
We report a case of hemangiopericytoma with simultaneous affectation of soft palate and mediastinum in a 46-year-old male. We describe the outstanding histologic features of this uncommon tumor, as well as its treatment and evolution. This case had a 5-year survival in spite of pulmonary metastases. We also reviewed the literature and discussed this rare clinical presentation of hemangiopericytoma.
