[Usefulness of routine investigation of fungal infections through bronchoscopy in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients in a general hospital, reference to AIDS]. / Utilidade da investigação rotineira de infecção fúngica pela broncoscopia em pacientes infectados ou não pelo HIV em um hospital geral, referência para SIDA.

The diagnostic yields and the spectrum of pulmonary fungal-infection obtained in samples collected by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were evaluated from 1990 to 1995. A total of 1943 bronchoscopies were performed during this period, 47% in the HIV-positive group and 53% in the HIV-negative group. Of 908 HIV-positive patients, 38 (4%) had a fungus isolated from the pulmonary sample whereas of 1035 HIV-negative patients, only 4 (0.2%) had a fungus isolated. Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis were more frequently found in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients (p < 0.001). Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was found in only 3 patients, all of them immunocompetent. The study demonstrated that, despite the low yields, the HIV-positive group may benefit from routine screening for fungal elements in specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Tuberculose endobrónquica / Endobronchial tuberculosis. Case report

É apresentado um caso de tuberculose endobrônquica exuberante em paciente do sexo masculino, 29 anos, HIV negativo, sob os aspectos endoscópicos, após a instituiçäo de terapêutica específica. Tendo em vista a alta prevalência da tuberculose infecçäo/doença em nosso meio e as seqüelas em potencial desta forma de tuberculose, os autores enfatizam a importância do exame endoscópico do aparelho respiratório no diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento das lesöes endobrônquicas