ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, there is no precise use of metabolic syndrome (MetS) definitions and risk factors screening indices in many clinical and public health services. Methods proposed and used in Western populations are adopted without validation within the local settings. The aim of the study is to assess obesity indices and cut-off values that maximise screening of MetS and risk factors in the Nigerian population. METHOD: A consolidated analysis of 2809 samples from four population-based cross-sectional study of apparently healthy persons≥18 years was carried out. Optimal waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cut points for diagnosing MetS and risk factors were determined using Optimal Data Analysis (ODA) model. The stability of the predictions of the models was also assessed. RESULTS: Overall mean values of BMI, WC and WHtR were 24.8±6.0kgm(-2), 84.0±11.3cm and 0.52±0.1 respectively. Optimal WC cut-off for discriminating MetS and diabetes was 83cm in females and 85cm in males, and 82cm in females and 89cm in males, respectively. WC was stable in discriminating diabetes than did WHtR and BMI, while WHtR showed better stability in predicting MetS than WC and BMI. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the optimal WC that maximises classification accuracy of MetS differs from that currently used for sub-Saharan ethnicity. The proposed global WHtR of 0.50 may misclassify MetS, diabetes and hypertension. Finally, the WC is a better predictor of diabetes, while WHtR is a better predictor of MetS in this sample population.
Subject(s)
Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Obesity/diagnosis , Adult , Body Height , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Nigeria/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is not known whether abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic function are influenced by the various cardiac geometric patterns in Nigerians with newly diagnosed systemic hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the parameters of left ventricular diastolic function and the geometric patterns in this group of patients. METHODS: Two-dimensional, guided M-mode echocardiography including Doppler was performed in 150 consecutive, newly diagnosed hypertensive individuals and normotensive controls aged between 35 and 74 years. Left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were used to classify the hypertensive individuals into four geometric patterns, and the pulsed-wave Doppler parameters obtained were used to categorise the abnormalities of diastolic function. RESULTS: Four left ventricular geometric patterns were identified: 23 (15.3%) had normal left ventricle geometry, 33 (22%) had concentric remodelling, 37 (24.7%) were found to have eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy occurred in 57 (38%) of the hypertensive individuals. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction occurred more in hypertensives with concentric left ventricular geometric pattern. Increased left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were found to be associated with the mitral E-wave, E/A ratio and pulmonary venous flow S-wave in the hypertensives (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In newly diagnosed Nigerian hypertensives, the abnormalities in left ventricular diastolic function varied between the different left ventricular geometric patterns, being worst in those with concentric geometry.
Subject(s)
Black People , Diastole , Hypertension/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/ethnology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Ventricular Function, Left , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed , Female , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Humans , Hypertension/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension/ethnology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria , Severity of Illness Index , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/ethnology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular RemodelingABSTRACT
Background: It is not known whether abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic function are influenced by the various cardiac geometric patterns in Nigerians with newly diagnosed systemic hypertension. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the parameters of left ventricular diastolic function and the geometric patterns in this group of patients. Methods: Two-dimensional; guided M-mode echocardiography including Doppler was performed in 150 consecutive; newly diagnosed hypertensive individuals and normotensive controls aged between 35 and 74 years. Left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were used to classify the hypertensive individuals into four geometric patterns; and the pulsed-wave Doppler parameters obtained were used to categorise the abnormalities of diastolic function. Results: Four left ventricular geometric patterns were identified : 23 (15.3) had normal left ventricle geometry; 33 (22) had concentric remodelling; 37 (24.7) were found to have eccentric hypertrophy; and concentric hypertrophy occurred in 57 (38) of the hypertensive individuals. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction occurred more in hypertensives with concentric left ventricular geometric pattern.Increased left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were found to be associated with the mitral E-wave; E/A ratio and pulmonary venous flow S-wave in the hypertensives (p 0.001). Conclusion: In newly diagnosed Nigerian hypertensives; the abnormalities in left ventricular diastolic function varied between the different left ventricular geometric patterns; being worst in those with concentric geometry
