ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hospitalized patients show a high rate of malnutrition, which is associated with poor patient outcomes and high healthcare costs. However, relatively few studies have investigated the association between clinical and economic outcomes and malnutrition in hospitalized patients, particularly those with cardiac and pulmonary conditions. METHODS: This multicenter prospective observational cohort study included 800 patients hospitalized at four Colombian hospitals with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, community-acquired pneumonia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All patients were screened for malnutrition using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). A descriptive analysis of baseline variables was followed by multivariate analysis and inverse probability weighting (IPW) to compare the clinical outcomes, i.e., length of stay (LOS), mortality, and readmission, and hospital costs associated with a positive MST result. RESULTS: The prevalence of a positive MST result was 24.62% (n = 197) and was more common in patients with older age and greater comorbidities. Multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, healthcare plan, university degree, hospitalization, entrance disease and Charlson co-morbidity index showed that a positive MST result was associated with increased LOS (1.43 ± 0.61 days) and both in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 2.39) and global mortality (odds ratio, 2.52). IPW analysis confirmed the association between a positive MST result and increased hospital LOS and 30-day mortality, as well as a relative increase of 30.13% in the average cost associated with hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: This study of hospital inpatients demonstrated a high burden of malnutrition at the time of hospital admission, which negatively impacted LOS and mortality and increased the costs of hospitalization. These findings underscore the need for improved diagnosis and treatment of hospital malnutrition to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
Subject(s)
Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/economics , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Malnutrition/economics , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Age Factors , Aged , Cohort Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The adolescent nephronophthisis (NPH3) is a variant of the nephronophthisis. In Venezuela, one to three patients have been registered each year, all of them belonging to the same family tree. The objective of this study was to evaluate the function of the proximal convoluted tubule in NPHP3 carriers; using the beta2M as biological marker. Eight carriers, 7 heterozygotes and 1 homozygote, with normal renal function were compared with a 10 healthy subjects (control group). Serum beta2 microglobulin (beta2M), urinary beta2M, the quotient urinary beta2M/urinary creatinine and the beta2M fractional excretion were determinated. The filtered beta2M and the percentage of reabsortion were calculated. We observed an increase in the plasmatic concentration of beta2M but not related with a decrease of the glomerular filtration. The urinary beta2M, the beta2M/urinary creatinine relation and the fractional excretion of beta2M were normal. The filtered load of beta2M was elevated without increase in the excretion or percentage of reabsortion. We conclude that in our group of NPH3 carriers, functional changes in the proximal convoluted tubule, when measured by urinary excretion of beta2M, were absent. This finding suggests the existence of other mechanism of uptake or degradation of the substance in the proximal convoluted tubule, which have yet to be elucidated.
Subject(s)
Kidney/metabolism , Nephritis, Interstitial/genetics , Nephritis, Interstitial/metabolism , beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism , Female , Heterozygote , Humans , Kidney/physiopathology , Male , Nephritis, Interstitial/physiopathology , PedigreeABSTRACT
La nefronoptisis del adolescente (NPH3) constituye una variedad de la nefronoptisis. En Venezuela, la incidencia anual está alrededor de 1 a 3 casos por año todos los casos pertenecen a un árbol genealógico común. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la función tubular proximal en pacientes portadores del gen de la NPH3 con función renal conservada, para lo cual se utilizó como marcador biológico la ß2 microglobulina (ß2M). Se incluyeron en el estudio 8 pacientes: 7 portadores heterocigotos y un homocigoto del gen de la NPH3 y 10 controles sanos. Se determinaron las concentraciones plasmáticas y urinarias de ß2M y se calcularon los índices de ß2M urinaria/creatinina urinaria, así como la excreción fraccional de ß2M, la ß2M filtrada y el porcentaje de reabsorción de ß2M. Se evidenció un aumento de la concentración plasmática de ß2M no relacionada con disminución de la filtración glomerular. La excreción fraccionada urinaria de ß2M así como los índices urinarios relación U ß2M/Ucr y la excreción fraccionada de ß2M fueron normales. La carga filtrada estuvo elevada sin aumento en la excreción con un porcentaje de reabsorción normal. En el grupo estudiado no se demostró una alteración en la excreción urinaria de ß2M; se evidenció un aumento en la carga filtrada sin aumento en el porcentaje de reabsorción normal. En el grupo estudiado no se demostró una alteración en la excreción urinaria de ß2M; se evidenció un aumento en la carga filtrada sin aumento en el porcentaje de reabsorción ni en la excreción lo que plantea otro mecanismo de captación o de degradación de la sustancia a nivel del tubulo contorneado proximal, mecanismo aún no dilucidado.
