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Objetivo: investigar prevalência e complicações do uso de medicamentos por via intravenosa e por hipodermóclise em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em hospital de Porto Alegre com amostra de 202 pacientes ≥ 60 anos; terapia intravenosa em período superior a 48 horas de punção e/ou hipodermóclise, com prescrição medicamentosa compatível pelas duas vias. Na coleta utilizou-se um instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à terapia. A análise foi estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: predomínio do uso de medicamentos por via intravenosa (95,5%), mediana de três medicamentos. As complicações foram apenas da terapia intravenosa, sendo a flebite grau II mais prevalente (54,3%) e infiltração grau I em 1% dos casos. Conclusão: a hipodermóclise, apesar de ser uma via segura, ainda é pouco utilizada na prática clínica. Houve alta prevalência do uso da via intravenosa, apesar de que os medicamentos utilizados também poderiam ser administrados por hipodermóclise.
Objective: This study investigated the prevalence and complications of intravenous and hypodermoclysis therapy in hospitalized older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at a hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil, it included 202 patients ≥ 60 years old who received intravenous therapy > 48 hours and/or hypodermoclysis. An instrument was used to collect sociodemographic, clinical and therapy-related data. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistics were used. Results: Intravenous therapy predominated (95.5%), with a median of 3 medications. Complications only occurred in intravenous therapy, with grade II phlebitis being the most prevalent (54.3%) and grade I infiltration occurring in 1% of the cases. Conclusions: Despite its safety, hypodermoclysis is still little used in clinical practice. There was a high prevalence of intravenous use, although the same medications could have also been administered via hypodermoclysis.
Objetivo: investigar prevalencia y complicaciones del uso de medicamentos por vía intravenosa y por hipodermoclisis en ancianos hospitalizados. Método: estudio transversal realizado en hospital de Porto Alegre, Brasil, con una muestra de 202 pacientes ≥ 60 años sometidos a terapia intravenosa por más de 48 horas de punción y/o hipodermoclisis, con prescripción medicamentosa compatible por ambas vías. Para la recolección se utilizó un instrumento con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y relacionadas a la terapia. El análisis fue estadístico, descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: predominio del uso de medicamentos por vía intravenosa (95,5%), mediana de tres medicamentos. Hubo complicaciones solamente en la terapia intravenosa, siendo flebitis grado II la más prevalente (54,3%), e infiltración grado I en 1% de los casos. Conclusión: la hipodermoclisis, aunque sea segura, es todavía poco utilizada en la práctica clínica. Hubo alta prevalencia de uso de la vía intravenosa, aunque los medicamentos utilizados también podrían administrarse por hipodermoclisis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Catheterization, Peripheral , Nursing , Hypodermoclysis , Patient SafetyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Asthma is under-diagnosed in many parts of the world. We aimed to assess the outcome of a capacitating program on asthma for non-specialist physicians and other healthcare professionals working in the public system in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. METHODS: A group of 16 asthma specialists developed a one-year capacitating program in 11 healthcare clinics in the Northern District of the city, which included lectures on asthma, training on inhalation device use and spirometry, and development of an asthma management protocol. Researchers visited one health unit 2-4 times monthly, working with doctors on patients' care, discussing cases, and delivering lectures. Asthma education was also directed to the general population, focusing on recognition of signs and symptoms and long-term treatment, including production of educational videos available on YouTube. Outcome measures were the records of doctors' prescriptions of individual asthma medications pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: Prior to the program, 3205 units of inhaled albuterol and 2876 units of inhaled beclomethasone were delivered by the Northern District pharmacy. After the one-year program, there was increase to 4850 units (51.3%) for inhaled albuterol and 3526 units (22.6%) for inhaled beclomethasone. The albuterol increase followed the recommendation given to the non-specialist doctors by the asthma experts, that every patient with asthma should have inhaled albuterol as a rescue medication, by protocol. No increase was observed in other districts where no capacitating program was conducted. CONCLUSION: A systematic capacitating program was successful in changing asthma prescription profiles among non-specialist doctors, with increased delivery of inhaled albuterol and beclomethasone.
Subject(s)
Asthma/therapy , Capacity Building/organization & administration , Disease Management , Interinstitutional Relations , Public Health Administration , Universities/organization & administration , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/administration & dosage , Asthma/drug therapy , Brazil , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Health Education/organization & administration , HumansABSTRACT
Background: Studies have demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of physical stress echocardiography in coronary artery disease. However, the prediction of mortality and major cardiac events in patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia is limited. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of physical stress echocardiography in the prediction of mortality and major cardiac events in patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort in which 866 consecutive patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia, and who underwent physical stress echocardiography were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: with physical stress echocardiography negative (G1) or positive (G2) for myocardial ischemia. The endpoints analyzed were all-cause mortality and major cardiac events, defined as cardiac death and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction. Results: G2 comprised 205 patients (23.7%). During the mean 85.6 ± 15.0-month follow-up, there were 26 deaths, of which six were cardiac deaths, and 25 non-fatal myocardial infarction cases. The independent predictors of mortality were: age, diabetes mellitus, and positive physical stress echocardiography (hazard ratio: 2.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.20 - 6.01; p = 0.016). The independent predictors of major cardiac events were: age, previous coronary artery disease, positive physical stress echocardiography (hazard ratio: 2.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.15 - 6.53; p = 0.022) and absence of a 10% increase in ejection fraction. All-cause mortality and the incidence of major cardiac events were significantly higher in G2 (p < 0. 001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Physical stress echocardiography provides additional prognostic information in patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia. .
Fundamento: Estudos têm demonstrado a acurácia diagnóstica e o valor prognóstico da ecocardiografia com estresse físico na doença arterial coronária, mas a predição de mortalidade e de eventos cardíacos maiores, em pacientes com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica, é limitada. Objetivo: Avaliar a predição de mortalidade e de eventos cardíacos maiores pela ecocardiografia com estresse físico em pacientes com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva em que foram estudados 866 pacientes consecutivos, com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica, submetidos à ecocardiografia com estresse físico. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: ecocardiografia com estresse físico negativa (G1) ou positiva (G2) para isquemia miocárdica. Os desfechos avaliados foram mortalidade por qualquer causa e eventos cardíacos maiores, definidos como óbito cardíaco e infarto agudo do miocárdio não fatal. Resultados: O G2 constituiu-se de 205 (23,7%) pacientes. Durante o seguimento médio de 85,6 ± 15,0 meses, ocorreram 26 óbitos, sendo seis por causa cardíaca, e 25 casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio não fatais. Os preditores independentes de mortalidade foram idade, diabetes melito e a ecocardiografia com estresse físico + (hazard ratio: 2,69; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,20 - 6,01; p = 0,016), com os seguintes eventos cardíacos maiores: idade, doença arterial coronária prévia, ecocardiografia com estresse físico + (hazard ratio: 2,75; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,15 - 6,53; p = 0,022) e ausência do incremento de 10% na fração de ejeção. A mortalidade por qualquer causa e os eventos cardíacos maiores foram ...
ABSTRACT
Background: Studies have demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of physical stress echocardiography in coronary artery disease. However, the prediction of mortality and major cardiac events in patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia is limited. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of physical stress echocardiography in the prediction of mortality and major cardiac events in patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort in which 866 consecutive patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia, and who underwent physical stress echocardiography were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: with physical stress echocardiography negative (G1) or positive (G2) for myocardial ischemia. The endpoints analyzed were all-cause mortality and major cardiac events, defined as cardiac death and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction. Results: G2 comprised 205 patients (23.7%). During the mean 85.6 ± 15.0-month follow-up, there were 26 deaths, of which six were cardiac deaths, and 25 non-fatal myocardial infarction cases. The independent predictors of mortality were: age, diabetes mellitus, and positive physical stress echocardiography (hazard ratio: 2.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.20 - 6.01; p = 0.016). The independent predictors of major cardiac events were: age, previous coronary artery disease, positive physical stress echocardiography (hazard ratio: 2.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.15 - 6.53; p = 0.022) and absence of a 10% increase in ejection fraction. All-cause mortality and the incidence of major cardiac events were significantly higher in G2 (p < 0. 001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Physical stress echocardiography provides additional prognostic information in patients with exercise test positive for myocardial ischemia.Fundamento: Estudos têm demonstrado a acurácia diagnóstica e o valor prognóstico da ecocardiografia com estresse físico na doença arterial coronária, mas a predição de mortalidade e de eventos cardíacos maiores, em pacientes com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica, é limitada. Objetivo: Avaliar a predição de mortalidade e de eventos cardíacos maiores pela ecocardiografia com estresse físico em pacientes com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva em que foram estudados 866 pacientes consecutivos, com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica, submetidos à ecocardiografia com estresse físico. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: ecocardiografia com estresse físico negativa (G1) ou positiva (G2) para isquemia miocárdica. Os desfechos avaliados foram mortalidade por qualquer causa e eventos cardíacos maiores, definidos como óbito cardíaco e infarto agudo do miocárdio não fatal. Resultados: O G2 constituiu-se de 205 (23,7%) pacientes. Durante o seguimento médio de 85,6 ± 15,0 meses, ocorreram 26 óbitos, sendo seis por causa cardíaca, e 25 casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio não fatais. Os preditores independentes de mortalidade foram idade, diabetes melito e a ecocardiografia com estresse físico + (hazard ratio: 2,69; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,20 - 6,01; p = 0,016), com os seguintes eventos cardíacos maiores: idade, doença arterial coronária prévia, ecocardiografia com estresse físico + (hazard ratio: 2,75; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,15 - 6,53; p = 0,022) e ausência do incremento de 10% na fração de ejeção. A mortalidade por qualquer causa e os eventos cardíacos maiores foram significativamente superiores no G2 (p < 0, 001 e p = 0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão: A ecocardiografia com estresse físico oferece informações prognósticas adicionais em pacientes com teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica.
ABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: O teste ergométrico (TE), inicialmente indicado para diagnóstico e estratificação de risco da doença arterial coronariana (DAC), apresenta baixa sensibilidade, o que pode implicar em falha na detecção de pacientes com risco aumentado de eventos adversos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ecocardiografia sob estresse físico (EEF) na predição de eventos cardíacos maiores (ECM) e óbitos por todas as causas em pacientes com probabilidade pré-teste intermediária de DAC e TE normal. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo em que foram estudados 397 pacientes, com probabilidade pré-teste intermediária de DAC pelo método de Morise e TE normal, submetidos à EEF. Dividiu-se em dois grupos: EEF negativo (G1) ou positivo (G2) para isquemia miocárdica. Os desfechos avaliados foram mortalidade por qualquer causa e ECM, definidos como óbito cardíaco e infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) não fatal. RESULTADOS: O grupo G1 constituiu-se de 329 (82,8%) pacientes. A idade média foi de 57,37 ± 11 anos e 44,1% eram do gênero masculino. Durante o seguimento médio de 75,94 ± 17,24 meses, ocorreram 13 óbitos, dentre eles três por causas cardíacas (IAM), além de 13 IAM não fatais. Isquemia miocárdica permaneceu como preditor independente de ECM (RR 2,49; [IC] 95% 1,74-3,58). As variáveis preditoras de mortalidade por qualquer causa foram gênero masculino (RR 9,83; [IC] 95% 2,15-44,97) e idade > 60 anos (RR 4,57; [IC] 95% 1,39-15,23). CONCLUSÃO: A EEF positiva é preditora de ECM na amostra estudada, o que auxilia na identificação de um subgrupo de pacientes sob maior risco de eventos adversos, apesar de apresentarem TE normal.
BACKGROUND: Exercise test (ET) is the preferred initial noninvasive test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease (CAD), however, its lower sensitivity may fail to identify patients at greater risk of adverse events. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of stress echocardiography (SE) for predicting all-cause mortality and major cardiac events (MACE) in patients with intermediate pretest probability of CAD and a normal ET. METHODS: 397 patients with intermediate CAD pretest probability , estimated by the Morise score, and normal ET who underwent SE were studied. The patients were divided into two groups according to the absence (G1) or presence (G2) of myocardial ischemia on SE .End points evaluated were all-cause mortality and MACE, defined as cardiac death and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI). RESULTS: G1 group was comprised of 329 (82.8%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 57.37 ± 11 years and 44.1% were male. During a mean follow-up of 75.94 ± 17.24 months, 13 patients died, three of them due to cardiac causes, and 13 patients suffered nonfatal AMI. Myocardial ischemia remained an independent predictor of MACE (HR 2.49; [CI] 95% 1.74-3.58). The independent predictors for all-cause mortality were male gender (HR 9.83; [CI] 95% 2.15-44.97) and age over 60 years (HR 4.57; [CI] 95% 1.39-15.23). CONCLUSION: Positive SE for myocardial ischemia is a predictor of MACE in the studied sample, which helps to identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk of events despite having normal ET.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Stress/methods , Exercise Test/methods , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Myocardial Ischemia/mortality , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exercise test (ET) is the preferred initial noninvasive test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease (CAD), however, its lower sensitivity may fail to identify patients at greater risk of adverse events. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of stress echocardiography (SE) for predicting all-cause mortality and major cardiac events (MACE) in patients with intermediate pretest probability of CAD and a normal ET. METHODS: 397 patients with intermediate CAD pretest probability , estimated by the Morise score, and normal ET who underwent SE were studied. The patients were divided into two groups according to the absence (G1) or presence (G2) of myocardial ischemia on SE .End points evaluated were all-cause mortality and MACE, defined as cardiac death and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI). RESULTS: G1 group was comprised of 329 (82.8%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 57.37 ± 11 years and 44.1% were male. During a mean follow-up of 75.94 ± 17.24 months, 13 patients died, three of them due to cardiac causes, and 13 patients suffered nonfatal AMI. Myocardial ischemia remained an independent predictor of MACE (HR 2.49; [CI] 95% 1.74-3.58). The independent predictors for all-cause mortality were male gender (HR 9.83; [CI] 95% 2.15-44.97) and age over 60 years (HR 4.57; [CI] 95% 1.39-15.23). CONCLUSION: Positive SE for myocardial ischemia is a predictor of MACE in the studied sample, which helps to identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk of events despite having normal ET.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Stress/methods , Exercise Test/methods , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Ischemia/mortality , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a satisfação profi ssional dofi sioterapeuta e sua relação com o cuidado humanizado em unidadesde terapia intensiva (UTI). Realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráterexploratório e qualitativa com 26 fi sioterapeutas de ambos os sexos,atuantes em centros intensivos do Hospital Geral do Estado ProfessorOsvaldo Brandão Vilela (Maceió/AL). A amostra do estudofoi obtida em seu local de trabalho, alcançando-se os dados atravésda aplicação de um questionário abrangendo sexo, idade, tempo degraduado, tempo de atuação em UTI, grau acadêmico e opiniõesindividuais acerca das infl uências sobre o cuidado humanizado.Foi constatado um predomínio de profi ssionais do sexo feminino,especialistas, com média de idade de 30,72 ± 5,12 anos, média detempo de graduado de 7,10 ± 4,74 anos e média de tempo de atuaçãoem UTI de 6,08 ± 4,33 anos. Ademais, concluiu-se que, de acordocom a opinião dos fi sioterapeutas, existe uma relação entre a faltade recursos e a má remuneração com a diminuição da qualidade daassistência, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao cuidado humanizado....
Th e aim of this study was to evaluate professional satisfactionof physical therapist and his/her relationship with humanizedcare in intensive care units (ICU). An exploratory and qualitativestudy was performed, with 26 physical therapists of both genders,working in intensive centers of Hospital Geral do Estado ProfessorOsvaldo Brandão Vilela (Maceió/AL). Th e sample was collectedin the workplace, and data were obtained through a questionnairewhich included gender, age, length of time after graduation, workinghours spent in ICU, academic degree and personal view related tothe infl uences in humanized care. A predominance of female professionalswas observed, experts, mean age of 30.72 ± 5.12 years, meantime after graduation 7.10 ± 4.74 years and mean working hoursin ICU 6.08 ± 4.33 years. Moreover, it was concluded, accordingto physical therapists opinion, that there is a relationship betweenthe lack of resources and low salary with decreased quality of care,especially with respect to humanized care...
Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Therapy Department, Hospital , Professional Competence , Tertiary HealthcareABSTRACT
Introdução: Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da utilização de betabloqueador em pacientes com incompetência cronotrópica, submetidos à Ecocardiografia sob Estresse. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado entre janeiro/2001 e outubro/2008. Após exclusão de pacientes com precordialgia típica, com doença arterial coronariana estabelecida e que não usavam betabloqueador, foram avaliados 635 pacientes que faziam uso regular desta droga, suspensa 3 dias antes da execução do exame. A amostra foi dividida em 2 grupos: G1 e G2 (com e sem incompetência cronotrópica), que foram comparados quanto à características clínicas, hemodinâmicas, eletrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas . Resultados: O G1 constituiu-se de 81 pacientes (13 por cento); o G2 de 554 pacientes (87 por cento). Quanto às características, os pacientes do G1 eram idosos (p=0,002), apresentavam mais precordialgia atípica (p=0,013, mais dispnéia durante o exame (p=0,001) e eram sintomáticos (p=0,009). Do ponto de vista ecocardiográfico, não foi possível diferenciar os dois grupos, quanto ao diagnóstico de isquemia miocárdica induzida pelo esforço (p=0,140) e, também quanto ao índice de escore de motilidade do ventrículo esquerdo durante o exercício (p=0,223). Todavia, G1 demonstrou maior índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (p=0,001). Conclusão: Isquemia miocárdica investigada com ecocardiografia sob estresse físico foi senelhante nos grupos estudados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Echocardiography, Stress/methods , Echocardiography, Stress , Heart Rate/physiology , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/analysis , Exercise Test/methods , Exercise TestABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar o significado da evidência da isquemia miocárdica e a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares na Síndrome Cardíca X (SCX), comparando com doença coronária obstrutiva inicial (DAC <- 50 por cento). Métodos: Estudo observacional de coorte, em, amostra de 605 pacientes (população fonte de 5.137 indivíduos), com ecocardiografia sob estresse físico (EEF) positiva para isquemia miocárdica, os quais foram submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia, e divididos, posteriormente, em 2 grupos: G1 (SCX, n=64) e G2 (DAC<- 50 por cento, n=84). Os pacientes foram comparados quanto às características clínicas, parâmetros ergométricos e ecocardiográficos, e seguidos po +- 43,8 meses (mínimo de 12 meses e máximo de 85 meses), quanto ao surgimento de ngina típica, infarto agudo do miocárdico...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Microvascular Angina/complications , Microvascular Angina/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Stress/methods , Echocardiography, Stress , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an asthma knowledge questionnaire for use in adult asthma patients in Brazil. METHODS: A 34-item self-report questionnaire was constructed and administered to adult asthma patients and adult controls. The maximum total score was 34. RESULTS: The questionnaire was shown to be discriminatory, with good reliability and reproducibility. The mean score for asthma patients and controls was, respectively, 21.47 +/- 4.11 (range: 9-31) and 17.27 +/- 5.11 (range: 7-28; p < 0.001). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.53, and the Bartlett's test of sphericity demonstrated a satisfactory suitability of the data to factor analysis (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the total scores obtained in the first and in the second application of the questionnaire within a two-week interval (p = 0.43). The internal consistency reliability (KR-20 coefficient) was 0.69. CONCLUSIONS: This study has validated an asthma knowledge questionnaire for use in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Asthma/diagnosis , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adult , Brazil , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an asthma knowledge questionnaire for use in adult asthma patients in Brazil. METHODS: A 34-item self-report questionnaire was constructed and administered to adult asthma patients and adult controls. The maximum total score was 34. RESULTS: The questionnaire was shown to be discriminatory, with good reliability and reproducibility. The mean score for asthma patients and controls was, respectively, 21.47 ± 4.11 (range: 9-31) and 17.27 ± 5.11 (range: 7-28; p < 0.001). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.53, and the Bartlett's test of sphericity demonstrated a satisfactory suitability of the data to factor analysis (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the total scores obtained in the first and in the second application of the questionnaire within a two-week interval (p = 0.43). The internal consistency reliability (KR-20 coefficient) was 0.69. CONCLUSIONS: This study has validated an asthma knowledge questionnaire for use in Brazil.
OBJETIVO: Desenvolver e validar um questionário de conhecimento em asma para pacientes adultos asmáticos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um questionário autoaplicável com 34 itens foi desenvolvido e aplicado em asmáticos e controles adultos. A pontuação total máxima era 34. RESULTADOS: O questionário mostrou-se discriminante, com boa confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. O escore médio para os asmáticos e controles foi, respectivamente, 21,47 ± 4,11 (variação: 9-31) e 17,27 ± 5,11 (variação: 7-28; p < 0,001). O teste de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin revelou uma medida de adequação de 0,53, e o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett demonstrou uma adequação satisfatória dos dados para a análise fatorial (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença significativa entre os escores totais obtidos na primeira e na segunda aplicação do questionário, com um intervalo de duas semanas (p = 0,43). O coeficiente de consistência interna (coeficiente KR-20) foi 0,69. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo validou um questionário de educação em asma para uso no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/diagnosis , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Although chronotropic incompetence (CI) represents an independent predictor of mortality and incidence of coronary artery disease, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle and location of coronary arterial lesions in patients with and without CI. METHODS: After exclusion of confounding factors, 610 patients (mean age of 58.4 +/- 11 years; 275 men) with ischaemia who underwent exercise echocardiography were studied. Based on heart rate (HR) reached in treadmill testing, patients were divided into two groups: Chl (97 patients who did not reach 85% of maximum HR recommended for age) and ChC (513 patients who achieved 85% of the maximum age-predicted HR). RESULTS: There was a higher frequency of dyspnoea (5.2% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.003), systemic hypertension (69.1% vs. 57.3%, P = 0.031) and obesity (38.1% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.001), and a lower tolerance to effort (dyspnoea as limitation of physical effort: 36.1% vs. 8.0%, P < 0.0001; duration of treadmill test: 4.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 7.2 +/- 2.8, P < 0.0001; METs: 6.0 +/- 2.6 vs. 8.4 +/- 2.9, P = 0.002) in Chl compared to ChC. The wall motion score index (WMSI) was higher in Chl than in ChC, both at rest (1.15 +/- 0.29 vs. 1.07 +/- 0.19, P = 0.011) and after exercise (1.24 +/- 0.29 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.19, P = 0.002). Systolic function, which was evaluated in peak exercise through WMSI, was significantly more altered in the Chl group. The presence of severe injuries in right coronary was independently associated with CI (adjusted OR = 3.57, CI 95%: 1.86-6.87). CONCLUSION: Chronotropic incompetence is associated with ventricular dysfunction in peak exercise and critical right coronary artery lesions.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Heart Rate/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Coronary Angiography , Dyspnea/complications , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Female , Hemodynamics , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/complications , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Among the possible mechanisms explaining the worsening of asthma due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The effects of GERD on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma have yet to be studied in significant detail. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of esophageal acid perfusion on bronchial responsiveness to bradykinin in patients with both asthma and GERD. In 20 patients with asthma and GERD disease, esophageal pH was monitored with a pH meter and bronchial responsiveness was evaluated by aerosol inhalation of bradykinin during esophageal acid perfusion and, 24 h earlier or later the patients were submitted to another bronchial provocation test without acid infusion. No significant changes were observed in FEV(1), FEF(25-75%), FVC, or PEF during acid perfusion. The response to the bronchial provocation test did not differ between the control day and the day of acid infusion (p = 0.61). The concentration provoking a 20% fall in FEV(1) (geometric mean +/- geometric SD) was 1.09 +/- 5.84 on the day of acid infusion and 0.98 +/- 5.52 on the control day. There is no evidence that acid infusion changes bronchial responsiveness to bradykinin. These findings strongly question the significance of acid infusion as a model to study the pathogenesis of GERD-induced asthma.
Subject(s)
Asthma/physiopathology , Bronchi/physiopathology , Esophagus/physiopathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Hydrochloric Acid/pharmacology , Adult , Asthma/etiology , Bradykinin/pharmacology , Bronchi/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Humans , Hydrochloric Acid/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/chemically induced , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Single-Blind Method , Spirometry , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma. METHODS: Patients with severe asthma were selected from the outpatient asthma clinic of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas. The patients were divided into two groups: controlled severe asthma and difficult-to-control severe asthma. After new attempts to optimize the severe asthma treatment, a questionnaire was applied, and additional tests for factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma, such as environmental and occupational exposure, smoking history, social factors, rhinitis/sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obstructive sleep apnea, congestive heart failure (CHF), pulmonary embolism, cystic fibrosis, vocal cord dysfunction, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Churg-Strauss syndrome, were performed. RESULTS: 77 patients with severe asthma were selected, of which 47 suffered from hard-to-control asthma, being 68.1% female, with mean age of 44.4 years (+/-14.4), and forced expiratory volume in one second of 54.7% (+/-18.3). The most factors most often associated with difficult-to-control asthma were noncompliance with treatment (68%), rhinitis/sinusitis (57%), GERD (49%), environmental exposure (34%), occupational exposure (17%), smoking history (10%), obstructive sleep apnea (2%), and CHF (2%). At least one of these factors was identified in every case. CONCLUSIONS: Noncompliance with treatment was the factor most often associated with difficult-to-control asthma, underscoring the need to investigate comorbidities in the evaluation of patients with this form of the disease.
Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/etiology , Adult , Algorithms , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/drug therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/complications , Humans , Male , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Sinusitis/complications , Skin Tests , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Smoking/adverse effects , Treatment Failure , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Pesquisar a freqüência dos fatores associados à asma de difícil controle. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes com diagnóstico de asma grave do ambulatório de asma do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos: asma grave controlada e asma grave de difícil controle. Após nova tentativa de otimização do tratamento para o grupo de difícil controle, foram aplicados questionário e investigação complementar de fatores associados, como exposição ambiental domiciliar e ocupacional, tabagismo, fatores sociais, rinossinusite, doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE), apnéia obstrutiva do sono, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC), embolia pulmonar, fibrose cística, disfunção de cordas vocais, deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina e vasculite de Churg-Strauss. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 77 pacientes com asma grave, dos quais 47 apresentavam asma de difícil controle, sendo 68,1 por cento do sexo feminino, idade média de 44,4 anos (±14,4) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo de 54,7 por cento (±18,3 por cento). Dos diagnósticos encontrados em associação à asma de difícil controle, o mais freqüente foi a pouca adesão ao tratamento (68 por cento). Outros foram as más condições ambientais (34 por cento) e ocupacionais (17 por cento), rinossinusite (57 por cento), DRGE (49 por cento), apnéia obstrutiva do sono (2 por cento), ICC (2 por cento) e tabagismo (10 por cento). Em todos os casos, pelo menos um desses fatores concomitantes foi diagnosticado. CONCLUSÕES: O fator mais freqüente associado à asma de difícil controle nos indivíduos estudados é a pouca adesão à medicação prescrita. A investigação de co-morbidades é imperativa na avaliação de pacientes com esta forma da doença.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma. METHODS: Patients with severe asthma were selected from the outpatient asthma clinic of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas. The patients were divided into two groups: controlled severe asthma and difficult-to-control severe asthma. After new attempts to optimize the severe asthma treatment, a questionnaire was applied, and additional tests for factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma, such as environmental and occupational exposure, smoking history, social factors, rhinitis/sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obstructive sleep apnea, congestive heart failure (CHF), pulmonary embolism, cystic fibrosis, vocal cord dysfunction, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Churg-Strauss syndrome, were performed. RESULTS: 77 patients with severe asthma were selected, of which 47 suffered from hard-to-control asthma, being 68.1 percent female, with mean age of 44.4 years (±14.4), and forced expiratory volume in one second of 54.7 percent (±18.3). The most factors most often associated with difficult-to-control asthma were noncompliance with treatment (68 percent), rhinitis/sinusitis (57 percent), GERD (49 percent), environmental exposure (34 percent), occupational exposure (17 percent), smoking history (10 percent), obstructive sleep apnea (2 percent), and CHF (2 percent). At least one of these factors was identified in every case. CONCLUSIONS: Noncompliance with treatment was the factor most often associated with difficult-to-control asthma, underscoring the need to investigate comorbidities in the evaluation of patients with this form of the disease.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/etiology , Algorithms , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/drug therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/complications , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Skin Tests , Sinusitis/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Smoking/adverse effects , Treatment Failure , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
INTRODUÇAO: A relação entre asma e refluxo gastroesofágico permanece pouco compreendida. O reflexo vagal e a microaspiração estão entre os mecanismos propostos para explicar a piora da asma pelo refluxo gastroesofágico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o volume expirado forçado no primeiro segundo após a acidificação esofágica. MÉTODO: O estudo investigou os efeitos da infusão ácida em treze voluntários portadores de asma moderada e refluxo gastroesofágico. Foram realizadas espirometrias antes e depois da inserção esofágica de uma sonda nasogástrica 8F e um cateter de pHmetria. Outras medidas de volume expirado forçado no primeiro segundo foram realizadas depois de quinze minutos de infusão de solução salina no ponto médio entre o esfíncter esofágico superior e o inferior, e depois de quinze minutos da acidificação esofágica, a cada cinco minutos mantida a acidificação, até a obtenção de um valor estável (variação < 5 por cento). RESULTADOS: O volume expirado forçado no primeiro segundo (média do grupo) apresentou-se estável durante os procedimentos de sondagem, infusão de solução salina, infusão de ácido clorídrico e manutenção de ácido clorídrico (p = 0,72). Dois casos apresentaram queda do volume expirado forçado no primeiro segundo (de 11 por cento e 22 por cento) devida à sondagem, outros dois pela infusão de solução salina (13 por cento e 14 por cento) e um caso após a infusão ácida (de 22 por cento). CONCLUSAO: A acidificação esofágica por pequenos períodos não desencadeia alterações espirométricas num grupo de asmáticos com refluxo gastroesofágico. Entretanto, há casos em que a simples manipulação esofágica ou infusões causam broncoespasmo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Asthma , Forced Expiratory Volume , Gastric Acid , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , SpirometryABSTRACT
A asma é caracterizada por inflamaçäo, obstruçäo reversível e hiperreatividade brônquica. Esta revisäo objetiva oferecer aos estudantes de Medicina e médicos, recomendações para o atendimento do paciente asmático, de forma a mostrar as abordagens terapêuticas e sugerir uma proposta, reunindo opiniões de diferentes consensos
