IDEATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE SOUTH OF MATO GROSSO / Ideação suicida e fatores associados entre universitários do sul de Mato Grosso

Suicidal ideation among university students is increasing and concerning, making it necessary to understand the factors associated with this phenomenon. In the present study, three hundred and thirty-three (n=333) students, regularly enrolled and over 18 years old, were evaluated, randomly selected from the total population of 5,148 university students enrolled in 2021 at a public university in the southern state of Mato Grosso. An observational cross-sectional approach with descriptive and analytical components was used, employing a structured questionnaire containing information on sociodemographic, economic, student status, and health aspects. Data analysis involved descriptive measures, chi-square test, and multiple Poisson model. In the studied population, suicidal ideation was higher among females (70.6%) and those who did not have a religion (77.5%). There was an association between suicidal ideation and factors such as non-heterosexuality (82.9%), not entering the desired course (79.6%), unsatisfactory relationship with academic peers (83.8%), and previous diagnosis of psychiatric illness (82.4%). The findings highlight the impact of the university environment on the mental health of students, which in turn affects social relationships and the future outlook of this population. This context emphasizes the need for broader discussions on the topic associated with effective actions during academic training aimed at suicide prevention and promotion of mental health.

A ideação suicida entre universitários é crescente e preocupante, fazendo-se necessário compreender os fatores associados a esse fenômeno. No presente estudo, foram avaliados trezentos e trinta e três (n=333) estudantes, regularmente matriculados e maiores de 18 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente entre a população total de 5.148 universitários matriculados em 2021 numa universidade pública do sul do estado de Mato Grosso. Foi utilizada abordagem observacional de corte transversal com componentes de análise descritivo e analítico, empregando questionário estruturado contendo informações sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, econômicos, situação estudantil e saúde. A análise dos dados envolveu medidas descritivas, teste de qui-quadrado e modelo de Poisson múltiplo. Na população estudada, observou-se que a ideação suicida foi maior no sexo feminino (70,6%) e naqueles que não possuíam religião (77,5%). Houve associação entre ideação suicida e fatores como não heterossexualidade (82,9%), não ingresso no curso desejado (79,6%), relacionamento insatisfatório com acadêmicos do curso (83,8%) e diagnóstico prévio de doença psiquiátrica (82,4%). Os achados evidenciam o impacto do ambiente universitário sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes que, por sua vez, afeta as relações sociais e a perspectiva de futuro dessa população. Esse contexto desperta a necessidade de discussões mais amplas quanto ao tema associadas a ações efetivas durante a formação acadêmica visando a prevenção do suicídio e a promoção da saúde mental.

Analysis of Plantar Tactile Sensitivity in Older Women after Conventional Proprioceptive Training and Exergame.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effects of conventional proprioceptive training and games with motion monitoring on plantar tactile sensitivity in older women. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial, with 50 older women randomized into three groups: conventional proprioception (n = 17), games with motion monitoring (n = 16), and the control (n = 17). They underwent 24 intervention sessions, three times a week, for eight weeks. The conventional proprioception group performed exercises involving gait, balance, and proprioception. The games performed by the motion monitoring group included exercises using the Xbox Kinect One video game from Microsoft®. The evaluation of tactile pressure sensitivity was performed using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. Intragroup comparisons between the two paired samples were performed using paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test. Intergroup comparisons between the three independent samples were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post hoc test, with p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The older women submitted to conventional games with motion monitoring training and showed improvement in plantar tactile sensitivity in the right and left feet. When comparing the intergroup results, the two training modalities obtained an improvement in the plantar tactile sensitivity of the older women when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that both training modalities may favor the improvement of plantar tactile sensitivity in older women, with no significant differences between conventional and virtual training.

Outcome of blue, green, red, and white light on Metarhizium robertsii during mycelial growth on conidial stress tolerance and gene expression.

Fungi sense light and utilize it as a source of environmental information to prepare against many stressful conditions in nature. In this study, Metarhizium robertsii was grown on: 1) potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in the dark (control); 2) under nutritive stress in the dark; and 3) PDA under continuous (A) white light; (B) blue light lower irradiance = LI; (C) blue light higher irradiance = HI; (D) green light; and (E) red light. Conidia produced under these treatments were tested against osmotic stress and UV radiation. In addition, a suite of genes usually involved in different stress responses were selected to study their expression patterns. Conidia produced under nutritive stress in the dark were the most tolerant to both osmotic stress and UV radiation, and the majority of their stress- and virulence-related genes were up-regulated. For osmotic stress tolerance, conidia produced under white, blue LI, and blue HI lights were the second most tolerant, followed by conidia produced under green light. Conidia produced under red light were the least tolerant to osmotic stress and less tolerant than conidia produced on PDA medium in the dark. For UV tolerance, conidia produced under blue light LI were the second most tolerant to UV radiation, followed by the UV tolerances of conidia produced under white light. Conidia produced under blue HI, green, and red lights were the least UV tolerant and less tolerant than conidia produced in the dark. The superoxide dismutases (sod1 and sod2), photolyases (6-4phr and CPDphr), trehalose-phosphate synthase (tps), and protease (pr1) genes were highly up-regulated under white light condition, suggesting a potential role of these proteins in stress protection as well as virulence after fungal exposure to visible spectrum components.

Osmotolerance as a determinant of microbial ecology: A study of phylogenetically diverse fungi.

Osmotic stress induced by high solute concentration can prevent fungal metabolism and growth due to alterations in properties of the cytosol, changes in turgor, and the energy required to synthesize and retain compatible solutes. We used germination to quantify tolerance/sensitivity to the osmolyte KCl (0.1-4.5 M, in 0.1 M increments) for 71 strains (40 species) of ecologically diverse fungi. These include 11 saprotrophic species (17 strains, including two xerophilic species), five mycoparasitic species (five strains), six plant-pathogenic species (13 strains), and 19 entomopathogenic species (36 strains). A dendrogram obtained from cluster analyses, based on KCl inhibitory concentrations 50 % and 90 % calculated by Probit Analysis, revealed three groups of fungal isolates accordingly to their osmotolerance. The most-osmotolerant group (Group 3) contained the majority of saprotrophic fungi, and Aspergillus niger (F19) was the most tolerant. The highly xerophilic Aspergillus montevidense and Aspergillus pseudoglaucus were the second- and third-most tolerant species, respectively. All Aspergillus and Cladosporium species belonged to Group 3, followed by the entomopathogens Colletotrichum fioriniae, Simplicillium lanosoniveum, and Trichothecium roseum. Group 2 exhibited a moderate osmotolerance, and included plant-pathogens such as Colletotrichum and Fusarium, mycoparasites such as Clonostachys spp, some saprotrophs such as Mucor and Penicillium spp., and some entomopathogens such as Isaria, Lecanicillium, Mariannaea, Simplicillium, and Torrubiella. Group 1 contained the osmo-sensitive strains: the rest of the entomopathogens and the mycoparasitic Gliocladium and Trichoderma. Although stress tolerance did not correlate with their primary ecological niche, classification of these 71 fungal strains was more closely aligned with their ecology than with their phylogenetic relatedness. We discuss the implications for both microbial ecology and fungal taxonomy.

Different anthropometric indicators of central obesity can predict hypertension in older adults

Abstract Objective: to investigate the association between hypertension and anthropometric indicators of central obesity, obtained from two anatomical sites in old adults. Methodology: a cross-sectional study including 145 elderly people, from whom socioeconomic and demographic data and anthropometric indicators of central obesity (Waist Circumference [CC] and Abdominal Circumferency [CA]) were obtained, which were considered independent variables. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations, and for the discriminatory power of the cutoff points of the anthropometric indicators for hypertension, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was performed. Comparisons between ROC curves were performed, aiming to identify a significant difference in the discriminatory power of the anthropometric indicators studied. Results: among the 145 individuals, 79 were female (54%) and 66 were male (46%). The results showed a high prevalence of hypertension among men (69.7%) and women (73.4%). Both WC and AC were significantly associated to hypertension in both sexes. The ROC curve parameters indicated that both anthropometric indicators of central obesity exhibit a good discriminatory power for hypertension in this studie. For the studied population, the WC cutoff point for hypertension was > 83.2 cm for men and > 82.6 cm in women, while for CA it was > 85.1 cm and > 85.4 cm in men and women, respectively. Conclusion: AC and WC are significantly associated with hypertension in both sexes, and there is no superiority among them to predict hypertension in the elderly population.

Resumen Objetivo: investigar la asociación entre hipertensión e indicadores antropométricos de obesidad central, obtenidos de dos sitios anatómicos en adultos mayores. Metodología: estudio transversal que incluyó a 145 adultos mayores, de los cuales se obtuvieron datos socioeconómicos y demográficos e indicadores antropométricos de obesidad central (circunferencia de cintura [CC] y circunferencia abdominal [CA]), que fueron considerados variables independientes. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para analizar las asociaciones, además del poder discriminatorio y los puntos de corte para la hipertensión de los indicadores antropométricos, que se obtuvieron a partir de los parámetros de la curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Se hicieron comparaciones entre las curvas ROC, con el objetivo de identificar diferencias significativas en el poder discriminatorio de los indicadores antropométricos estudiados. Resultados: de los 145 individuos 79 eran del sexo femenino (54 %) y 66 del masculino (46 %). Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en hombres (69,7 %) y mujeres (734 %). Tanto CC como CA se asociaron significativamente a la hipertensión en ambos sexos. Los parámetros de la curva ROC revelaron que ambos indicadores antropométricos de obesidad central exhiben un buen poder discriminatorio para la hipertensión en la población estudiada. El punto de corte para la CC fue > 83,2 cm para hombres y de > 82,6 cm para mujeres; mientras que para CA fue > 85,1 cm y > 85,4 cm para hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. Conclusión: CA y CC están significativamente asociadas a la hipertensión en ambos sexos, y no hay superioridad entre ellas para predecir la hipertensión en la población anciana.

Resumo Objetivo: investigar a associação entre hipertensão e indicadores antropométricos de obesidade central obtidos de dois sítios anatômicos em idosos. Metodologia: estudo transversal incluindo 145 idosos, dos quais foram obtidos dados socioeconô-micos e demográficos e indicadores antropométricos de obesidade central (circunferência de cintura [CC] e cirfunferência abdominal [CA]), que foram considerados como variáveis independentes. Um modelo de regressão logística foi utilizado para analisar as associações, além do poder discriminatório e os pontos de corte para a hipertensão dos indicadores antropométricos, que foram obtidos a partir dos parâmetros da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Comparações entre as curvas ROC foram realizadas, objetivando identificar diferença significativa no poder discriminatório dos indicadores antropométricos estudados. Resultados: entre os 145 indivíduos, 79 eram do sexo feminino (54 %) e 66 do masculino (46 %). Os resultados mostraram uma alta prevalência de hipertensão arterial entre homens (69,7 %) e mulheres (73,4 %). Tanto a CA quanto a CC foram associadas à hipertensão em ambos os sexos de maneira significativa. Os parâmetros da curva ROC indicaram que ambos os indicadores antropométricos da obesidade central exibiram um bom poder discriminatório para a hipertensão na população estudada. O ponto de corte para a CC foi > 83,2 cm para homens e > 82,6 cm para mulheres, enquanto para CA foi > 85,1 cm e > 85,4 cm para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. Conclusão: as CA e CC estão significativamente associadas à hipertensão em ambos os sexos e não há superioridade entre elas para prever a hipertensão na população idosa.

Descriptive study of suspected congenital Zika syndrome cases during the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical and epidemiological data on suspected congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) cases from southern Mato Grosso (MT) in Brazil during the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015-2016 were evaluated. METHODS: This is a descriptive case series study of newborns whose mothers were suspected cases of ZIKV infections during their pregnancies. The medical records of all the suspected CZS cases (mothers and newborns) treated by the specialized ambulatory service from June 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty suspected CZS cases were included in these analyses. They were categorized into four groups based on the clinical and laboratory findings: confirmed cases (n=1), highly probable cases (n=13), moderately probable cases (n=5), and somewhat probable cases (n=1). The mothers tested negative for STORCH (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex) and other important congenital infections; however, specific ZIKV tests were not performed during the study period. Microcephaly was observed in the majority of these newborns, and all the patients showed altered cranial computed tomography image findings. Extracranial abnormalities such as arthrogryposis, and otological and ophthalmological manifestations were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although ZIKV was not confirmed to cause the congenital malformations, this study demonstrated that the clinical and epidemiological findings associated with a STORCH exclusion strengthened the CZS diagnosis. The suspected cases in MT occurred simultaneously with the first CZS cases reported in Brazil, suggesting ZIKV circulation in the study region during the same period.

Descriptive study of suspected congenital Zika syndrome cases during the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Clinical and epidemiological data on suspected congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) cases from southern Mato Grosso (MT) in Brazil during the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015-2016 were evaluated. METHODS: This is a descriptive case series study of newborns whose mothers were suspected cases of ZIKV infections during their pregnancies. The medical records of all the suspected CZS cases (mothers and newborns) treated by the specialized ambulatory service from June 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty suspected CZS cases were included in these analyses. They were categorized into four groups based on the clinical and laboratory findings: confirmed cases (n=1), highly probable cases (n=13), moderately probable cases (n=5), and somewhat probable cases (n=1). The mothers tested negative for STORCH (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex) and other important congenital infections; however, specific ZIKV tests were not performed during the study period. Microcephaly was observed in the majority of these newborns, and all the patients showed altered cranial computed tomography image findings. Extracranial abnormalities such as arthrogryposis, and otological and ophthalmological manifestations were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although ZIKV was not confirmed to cause the congenital malformations, this study demonstrated that the clinical and epidemiological findings associated with a STORCH exclusion strengthened the CZS diagnosis. The suspected cases in MT occurred simultaneously with the first CZS cases reported in Brazil, suggesting ZIKV circulation in the study region during the same period.

Fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde em taxistas / Los factores asociados con la autopercepción de salud en chóferes / Factors associated with self-perceived health in taxi drivers

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar a associação dos fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais, comportamentos de risco e relacionados à saúde com a autopercepção da saúde de taxistas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 100 taxistas da cidade de Jequié (BA). Foi utilizado um questionário composto por variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, comportamentais e de saúde. Para a verificação da associação das variáveis independentes com a percepção de saúde, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotando-se o intervalo de confiança de 95%. A frequência da percepção positiva de saúde foi de 73,0%, sendo encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas entre percepção negativa de saúde e indivíduos com oito anos ou menos de estudo (p=0,033), tempo de serviço >10 anos (p=0,003), qualidade do sono ruim (p=0,006), sensação de cansaço físico e mental ao final de um dia de trabalho (p=0,002 e p=0,006, respectivamente) e índice de capacidade para o trabalho classificado como moderado e bom (p=0,016 e p=0,000, respectivamente). A autopercepção negativa de saúde em taxistas apresentou associação com indivíduos que possuíam oito anos ou menos de estudo, elevado tempo de serviço, qualidade de sono ruim, sensação de cansaço físico e mental, e capacidade para o trabalho moderada e boa; o que sugere a necessidade de investimentos em ações de educação em saúde voltadas para esses profissionais com o intuito de fomentar o interesse pelo cuidado da própria saúde.

RESUMEN En este estudio se propone analizar la asociación de factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales, de conductas de riesgo y relacionadas a la salud con la autopercepción de salud en chóferes. Se trata de un estudio transversal llevado a cabo con 100 chóferes de la ciudad de Jequié (Bahia, Brasil). Se utilizó un cuestionario que consta de variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales, conductuales y de salud. Para analizar la asociación de variables independientes con la percepción de la salud, se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson, con el intervalo de confianza del 95 %. La frecuencia de la percepción positiva de la salud fue de un 73,0 %, y se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la percepción negativa de la salud e individuos con ocho años o menos de escolaridad (p=0,033); tiempo de servicio > 10 años (p=0,003); mala calidad de sueño (p=0,006); sensación de cansancio físico y mental al final de un día de trabajo (p=0,002 y p=0,006, respectivamente) e índice de capacidad para trabajar clasificado como moderado y bueno (p=0,016 y p=0,000, respectivamente). La autopercepción negativa de la salud en chóferes ocurrió en individuos que tenían ocho años o menos de escolaridad, con alto tiempo de servicio, con mala calidad de sueño, con la sensación de cansancio físico y mental, y con la capacidad moderada y buena para trabajar; lo cual revela la necesidad de inversiones en actividades educativas en salud a estos profesionales con el fin de promover el cuidado con la propia salud.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at analyzing the association of sociodemographic, occupational, risk and health-related factors with taxi drivers' self-perceived health. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 100 taxi drivers from the city of Jequié (Bahia). A questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, occupational, behavioral and health variables was used. To verify the association of independent variables with health perception, the Pearson's chi-squared test was used, adopting a confidence interval of 95%. The frequency of positive self-perceived health was 73.0%, with statistically significant associations between negative self-perceived health and individuals with eight years or less of education (p=0.033), length of service >10 years (p=0.003), poor sleep quality (p=0.006), physical and mental fatigue at the end of a workday (p=0.002 and p=0.006, respectively) and work ability index classified as moderate and good (p=0.016, p=0.000, respectively). Negative self-perceived health in taxi drivers had association with individuals who had eight years or less of education, high length of service, poor sleep quality, physical and mental fatigue, and moderate and good work ability; which suggests the need for investments in health education actions directed to these professionals in order to promote interest in the care of their own health.

Oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients: association and antifungal susceptibility study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate antifungal susceptibility and factors associated with oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients. METHODS: A prospective study based on convenience sampling of subjects recruited from a pool of confirmed HIV-positive individuals seen at a specialty outpatient service in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil). Oral swabs were collected from 197 patients. Candida species were identified by standard microbiological techniques (phenotypic and molecular methods). Antifungal susceptibility was investigated using the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: A total of 101 (51.3%) patients were Candida spp carriers. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (80%). Patients aged 45 to 59 years (Prevalence ratios: 1.90; 95%CI: 1.57-6.31) and 60 years or older (Prevalence ratios: 4.43; 95%CI: 1.57-34.18) were at higher risk of oral colonization by Candida species. Resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole, or to itraconazole, corresponded to 1% and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Age (45 years or older) was the only factor associated with oral colonization by Candida . Low rates of antifungal resistance to azoles were detected in yeast isolates obtained from HIV-positive patients. Findings of this study may contribute to proper therapeutic selection for oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.

The Xenon Test Chamber Q-SUN® for testing realistic tolerances of fungi exposed to simulated full spectrum solar radiation.

The low survival of insect-pathogenic fungi when used for insect control in agriculture is mainly due to the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation and heat from solar irradiation. In this study, conidia of 15 species of entomopathogenic fungi were exposed to simulated full-spectrum solar radiation emitted by a Xenon Test Chamber Q-SUN XE-3-HC 340S (Q-LAB® Corporation, Westlake, OH, USA), which very closely simulates full-spectrum solar radiation. A dendrogram obtained from cluster analyses, based on lethal time 50 % and 90 % calculated by Probit analyses, separated the fungi into three clusters: cluster 3 contains species with highest tolerance to simulated full-spectrum solar radiation, included Metarhizium acridum, Cladosporium herbarum, and Trichothecium roseum with LT50 > 200 min irradiation. Cluster 2 contains eight species with moderate UV tolerance: Aschersonia aleyrodis, Isaria fumosorosea, Mariannaea pruinosa, Metarhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium brunneum, Metarhizium robertsii, Simplicillium lanosoniveum, and Torrubiella homopterorum with LT50 between 120 and 150 min irradiation. The four species in cluster 1 had the lowest UV tolerance: Lecanicillium aphanocladii, Beauveria bassiana, Tolypocladium cylindrosporum, and Tolypocladium inflatum with LT50 < 120 min irradiation. The QSUN Xenon Test Chamber XE3 is often used by the pharmaceutical and automotive industry to test light stability and weathering, respectively, but it was never used to evaluate fungal tolerance to full-spectrum solar radiation before. We conclude that the equipment provided an excellent tool for testing realistic tolerances of fungi to full-spectrum solar radiation of microbial agents for insect biological control in agriculture.

Responses of entomopathogenic fungi to the mutagen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.

Survival of entomopathogenic fungi under solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is paramount to the success of biological control of insect pests and disease vectors. The mutagenic compound 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) is often used to mimic the biological effects of UV radiation on organisms. Therefore, we asked whether tolerance to 4-NQO could predict tolerance to UV radiation in thirty isolates of entomopathogenic fungi and one isolate of a xerophilic fungus. A dendrogram obtained from cluster analyses based on the 50 and 90 % inhibitory concentrations (IC50 and IC90, respectively) divided the fungal isolates into six clusters numbered consecutively based on their tolerance to 4-NQO. Cluster 6 contained species with highest tolerance to 4-NQO (IC50 > 4.7 µM), including Mariannaea pruinosa, Lecanicillium aphanocladii, and Torrubiella homopterorum. Cluster 1 contained species least tolerant to 4-NQO (IC50 < 0.2 µM), such as Metarhizium acridum (ARSEF 324), Tolypocladium geodes, and Metarhizium brunneum (ARSEF 7711). With few exceptions, the majority of Metarhizium species showed moderate to low tolerances (IC50 between 0.4 and 0.9 µM) and were placed in cluster 2. Cluster 3 included species with moderate tolerance (IC50 between 1.0 and 1.2 µM). In cluster 4 were species with moderate to high tolerance (IC50 between 1.3 and 1.6 µM). Cluster 5 contained the species with high tolerance (IC50 between 1.9 and 4.0 µM). The most UV tolerant isolate of M. acridum, ARSEF 324, was the least tolerant to 4-NQO. Also, L. aphanocladii, which is very susceptible to UV radiation, showed high tolerance to 4-NQO. Our results indicate that tolerance to 4-NQO does not correlate with tolerance to UV radiation. Therefore this chemical compound is not a predictor of UV tolerance in entomopathogenic fungi.

Relação da autopercepção de saúde, capacidade funcional e condições de saúde de idosos longevos residentes em domicílio em Jequié-BA / Relationship between self-perception of health, functional capacity and health conditions of long-lived elderly living at home

A maior prevalência de doenças crônicas degenerativas e o declínio da capacidade funcional podem desencadear sentimentos negativos, acarretando numa qualidade de vida má ou péssima, sendo confirmada pela autopercepção de saúde. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a relação das condições de saúde e da capacidade funcional com a autopercepção de saúde de idosos longevos residentes em domicílio no município de Jequié-BA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo analítica com delineamento transversal, com uma amostra de 63 idosos longevos, residentes em domicílio em Jequié-BA. O instrumento utilizado é constituído de: avaliação cognitiva, informações sociodemográficas, estado de saúde e avaliação da capacidade funcional. A análise estatística dos dados foi descritiva por meio do Programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0. Verificou-se uma maior frequência de idosos com presença de doenças (86,3%), com autopercepção de saúde referente positiva (63,3%), com presença de dor (62,4%) e que realiza tratamento (82,9%). Constatou-se no presente estudo que não houve relação entre as condições de saúde, capacidade funcional e autopercepção de saúde.

The higher prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, and the decline in functional capacity can trigger negative feelings, leading to poor or bad quality of life, and confirmed by self-perception of health. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between health conditions and functional capacity with the self-perception of health of elderly people living in the municipality of Jequié-BA. This is an analytical type cross-sectional study, with a sample of 63 elderly people living in Jequié-BA residences. The instrument used consists of: cognitive evaluation, sociodemographic information, health status, and functional capacity assessment. The statistical analysis of the data was descriptive through the SPSS statistical software version 20.0. There was a higher frequency of elderly patients with diseases (86.3%), with a positive self-perception of health (63.3%), presence of pain (62.4%) and treatment (82,9%). It was found in the present study that there was no relation between health conditions, functional capacity and self-perception of health.

Genotypic analysis of secreted aspartyl proteinases in vaginal Candida albicans isolates / Análise genotípica de aspartil proteases secretórias em isolados vaginais de Candida albicans

ABSTRACT Introduction: Candida albicans is the most common etiologic agent of fungal vaginitis. These yeasts produce secreted aspartyl proteinases encoded by a family of 10 genes (SAP1-10). Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of genes SAP1-7 in vulvovaginal C. albicans. Materials and method: The study included 26 C. albicans vaginal isolates. Detection of aspartyl proteases genes (SAP1-7) was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The most frequent gene in C. albicans isolated from colonization was SAP6 (93.33%), and from infection, SAP7 (100%). We observed a statistical difference (p = 0.049) in SAP1 gene frequency between isolates from vulvovaginal colonization and infection. Conclusion: High frequency of SAP genes was observed in vulvovaginal C. albicans. The results suggest SAP1 participation in vulvovaginal candidiasis infection.

RESUMO Introdução: Candida albicans é o principal agente etiológico das vaginites fúngicas. Essas leveduras produzem aspartil proteases secretórias que são codificadas por uma família de 10 genes (SAP1-10). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença dos genes SAP1-7 em linhagens vulvovaginais de C. albicans. Materiais e método: O estudo incluiu 26 isolados vaginais de C. albicans. Os genes de aspartil proteases (SAP1-7) foram detectados por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Resultados: O gene mais frequente em C. albicans isolado de colonização foi SAP6 (93,33%), e de infecção, SAP7 (100%). Foi observada diferença estatística (p = 0,049) na frequência do gene SAP1 entre isolados oriundos de colonização e infecção vulvovaginal. Conclusão: Constatou-se alta frequência dos genes SAP em linhagens vaginais de C. albicans. Os resultados sugerem uma participação de SAP1 no processo infeccioso da candidíase vulvovaginal.

Oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients: association and antifungal susceptibility study / Colonização oral por espécies de Candida em pacientes HIV positivo: estudo de associação e suscetibilidade antifúngica

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate antifungal susceptibility and factors associated with oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients. Methods A prospective study based on convenience sampling of subjects recruited from a pool of confirmed HIV-positive individuals seen at a specialty outpatient service in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil). Oral swabs were collected from 197 patients. Candida species were identified by standard microbiological techniques (phenotypic and molecular methods). Antifungal susceptibility was investigated using the broth microdilution method. Results A total of 101 (51.3%) patients were Candida spp carriers. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (80%). Patients aged 45 to 59 years (Prevalence ratios: 1.90; 95%CI: 1.57-6.31) and 60 years or older (Prevalence ratios: 4.43; 95%CI: 1.57-34.18) were at higher risk of oral colonization by Candida species. Resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole, or to itraconazole, corresponded to 1% and 4%, respectively. Conclusion Age (45 years or older) was the only factor associated with oral colonization by Candida . Low rates of antifungal resistance to azoles were detected in yeast isolates obtained from HIV-positive patients. Findings of this study may contribute to proper therapeutic selection for oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a suscetibilidade a antifúngicos e os fatores associados à colonização oral por espécies de Candida isoladas de pacientes HIV positivo. Métodos Estudo prospectivo realizado com amostragem por conveniência de indivíduos HIV positivo, acompanhados por um serviço de atendimento especializado da cidade de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram coletados swabs orais de 197 pacientes. As espécies de Candida foram identificadas por técnicas microbiológicas fenotípicas padrão e por método molecular. A suscetibilidade antifúngica foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Resultados Cento e um (51,3%) pacientes foram colonizados por Candida spp. Candida albicans foi a espécie mais prevalente (80%). Identificou-se um maior risco de colonização oral por espécies de Candida em pacientes com idade entre 45 e 59 anos (razão de prevalência: 1,90; IC95%: 1,57-6,31) e 60 anos ou mais (razão de prevalência: 4,43; IC95%: 1,57-34,18). A resistência ao fluconazol e ao cetoconazol foi de 1% cada e de 4% ao itraconazol. Conclusão O único fator associado à colonização oral por espécies de Candida foi ter 45 anos ou mais. Identificamos baixa taxa de resistência antifúngica aos azóis entre as leveduras isoladas de pacientes HIV positivo. Estes achados podem contribuir para selecionar o tratamento da candidíase oral em pacientes HIV positivos.

Prevalência do consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por estudantes universitários / Prevalence of licit and illicit drugs by college students / La prevalencia de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por estudiantes universitarios

OBJETIVO: avaliar o consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por estudantes universitários e investigar associação com variáveis sociodemográficas. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 429 estudantes de 18-24 anos,responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico e o Teste de Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Tabaco e outras Substâncias. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, testes do qui-quadrado de Fischer. RESULTADOS: as drogas mais utilizadas foram álcool, derivados do tabaco e hipnóticos/sedativos. O sexo masculino teve associação com maior uso de drogas como tabaco e maconha e consumo sugestivo de abuso para álcool. CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que o álcool prevalece como substância mais utilizada, pertencer ao sexo masculino e não possuir religião, morar longe dos pais/parentes são fatores que podem influenciar no uso/abuso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas.

OBJECTIVE: evaluate the use of licit and illicit drugs by college students, and to investigate its association with sociodemographic variables. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study, with 429 adults, 18-24 years, answered a questionnaire sociodemographic and Involvement Screening Test with Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Matter. Used to descriptive statistics and chi-square in Fisher. RESULTS: the most used drug was the alcohol, followed by tobacco and hypnotics/sedatives. The male was associated with greater use of drugs such as tobacco and marijuana consumption and a suggestive abuse to alcohol. CONCLUSION: it is concluded that alcohol prevails as the most widely used substance, that being male and do not have a religion, live away from their parents or relatives are factors that can influence the use and abuse legal and illegal.

OBJECTIVO: evaluar el uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por estudiantes universitarios e investigar la asociación con variables sociodemográficas. MÉTODO: se trata de un estudio transversal, 429 alumnos de 18-24 años, respondió al cuestionario sociodemográfico y Participación test de cribado con alcohol, tabaco y otras sustancias. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, pruebas de chi-cuadrado Fischer. RESULTADOS: los fármacos más utilizados fueron el alcohol, el tabaco y los hipnóticos sedantes. El macho se asoció con un mayor uso de fármacos tales como el consumo de tabaco y la marihuana y sugestivos de abuso de alcohol. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluye que el alcohol prevalece como sustancia más utilizada, ser hombre y no tener religión, que viven lejos de sus padres/familiares son factores que pueden influir en el uso/abuso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas.

Ancestry indicative markers in HIV positive patients in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil / Marcadores indicativos de ancestralidade em pacientes hiv positivos no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: Ancestry Indicative Markers are used to define the allelic frequency of genes from different ethnic groups in populations of certain localities of interest, for analysis of population ancestry and estimation of ethnic mixture. This work aimed to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of the ancestry Indicative Markers SB-19.3, APO, AT3 / ID and PV-92 and to determine the existence of polymorphisms for these markers in the state of Mato Grosso. METHOD: The study aimed to estimate allelic and genotype frequencies, adherence to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and genetic differentiation in the sample of 238 controls formed by HIV free individuals residing in twenty-six different municipalities in the state, collected at the Júlio Muller University Hospital and in a sample of 516 HIV-positive patients also residing in the state. RESULTS: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test revealed an imbalance between the observed and expected proportions of Sb19.3 and APO loci in the control population. Applying the genetic differentiation test, control populations and HIV-positive patients differed for the four loci analyzed. CONCLUSION: The population of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil proved to be very heterogeneous, confirming hypotheses about its history of colonization. Control populations and HIV-positive patients differed for the four loci analyzed.

OBJETIVO: Os Marcadores Indicativos de Ancestralidade (AIMs) são usados ​​para definir a frequência alélica de genes de diferentes grupos étnicos em populações de determinadas localidades de interesse, para análise de ascendência populacional e estimativa de mistura étnica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a freqüência de AIMs (SB-19.3, APO, AT3 / ID e PV-92) e verificar a existência de polimorfismos para esses marcadores no estado de Mato Grosso. MÉTODO: O estudo teve como objetivo estimar as freqüências alélicas e genotípicas, a aderência ao equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e a diferenciação genética na amostra de controles formada por indivíduos residentes em vinte e seis municípios do estado, coletados no Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller e em uma amostra de pacientes HIV positivos também residentes no estado. RESULTADOS: O teste de equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg revelou um desequilíbrio entre as proporções observadas e esperadas dos loci Sb19.3 e APO na população de controle. Aplicando o teste de diferenciação genética, a população controle e os pacientes HIV positivos diferenciaram-se para os quatro loci analisados. CONCLUSÃO: A população do estado de Mato Grosso mostrou-se heterogênea, confirmando hipóteses sobre sua história de colonização. A população controle e os pacientes HIV positivos diferenciaram-se para os quatro loci analisados.

Dengue epidemiological profile in southern Mato Grosso, Brazil (2008-2012)

Dengue is an arboviral disease that is a serious public health concern, especially due to its increasing incidence in the past decades. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological incidence of dengue in 2008­2012 in Southern Mato Grosso, Brazil. This is an epidemiological and descriptive study of dengue in the 19 municipalities of the Rondonópolis Regional Health Office using data obtained from the Information System of Diseases Notification. An analysis of the number of confirmed cases of dengue, according to year, age, and gender was performed. Data was associated with the rainfall of the region as well. There were 13,580 reported dengue cases; 2010 had the highest number of cases, with 7,244 dengue cases. In 2011, the number fell dramatically to only 236 notified cases. With regard to age, the most often affected were young adults (20-39 years of age); no difference was noted regarding gender. As expected, dengue cases were higher during the rainy season. In 2009 and 2010, in Southern Mato Grosso, there was a significant increase in the proportion of dengue cases compared with other years during the period evaluated. However, a rapid decline in the subsequent year was noted, possibly because of the intensification of preventive actions in vector control. Interestingly, 2012 presented an increasing number of dengue cases. This fact highlights the importance of actively combating dengue in order to prevent future epidemics.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility to vulvovaginal Candida spp. in southern Mato Grosso State, Brazil / Distribuição de espécies e suscetibilidade a antifúngicos de Candida spp. vulvovaginais no sul de Mato Grosso, Brasil

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a prevalent opportunistic mucosal infection, caused predominantly by Candida albicans. Candida species vary in their susceptibility to the antifungal agents, thus, the susceptibility tests have clinical significance in determining the appropriate therapeutic choice. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of vulvovaginal yeasts and the susceptibility pattern to azoles antifungal isolated in southern Mato Grosso State, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical samples from 166 patients were obtained regardless signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Vaginal swabs were collected, seeded onto plates containing Sabouraud Dextrose agar and incubated at 35ºC, for five days. A pool of colonies that grown on each plate was subcultured in CHROMagar Candida medium. On the basis of a pure culture, the yeasts were identified using traditional phenotypic identification methods. Susceptibility tests for antifungal fluconazole and ketoconazole were performed using the broth microdilution method according to the reference protocol M27A3 of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS: The frequency of Candida spp. in the study population was 30%, of which 28% were in the group of asymptomatic women and 35% among symptomatic. Among the isolated strains were C. albicans (50%), C. glabrata (33%) and C. tropicalis (17%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for fluconazole ranged from 0.5 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml and for ketoconazole from 0.03 μg/ml to 4 μg/ml. The resistance rates were 1.7% for fluconazole and 3.4% for ketoconazole. CONCLUSION: C. albicans was the predominant species. We observed a high susceptibility of Candida spp. to fluconazole and ketoconazole antifungal.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A candidíase vulvovaginal é uma prevalente infeccção mucosa oportunista, causada predominantemente por Candida albicans. As espéceis de Candida variam de acordo com a suscetibilidade aos agentes antifúngicos, assim os testes de sensibilidade têm importância clínica para uma adequada escolha terapêutica. OBJETIVO: Investigar a distribuição de leveduras vulvovaginais e o padrão de suscetibilidade a antifúngicos azólicos em isolados do sul de Mato Grosso. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram obtidas amostras clínicas de 166 pacientes, independentemente de sinais e sintomas para candidíase vulvovaginal. Swabs vaginais foram coletados, semeados em placas contendo ágar Sabouraud e incubados a 35ºC. Uma amostra das colônias que cresceram em cada placa foi subcultivada em meio CHROMagar Candida. Partindo de uma cultura pura, as leveduras foram identificadas por métodos fenotípicos clássicos. Os testes de suscetibilidade aos antifúngicos cetoconazol e fluconazol foram realizados, usando o método de microdiluição de acordo com o protocolo de referência M27A3 do Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTADOS: A frequência de Candida spp. na população em estudo foi de 30%, sendo 28% no grupo de mulheres assintomáticas e 35% entre as sintomáticas. As espécies isoladas foram C. albicans (50%), C. glabrata (33%) e C. tropicalis (17%). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para o fluconazol variou de 0,5 μg/ml a 16 μg/ml e para o cetoconazol, de 0,03 μg/ml a 4 μg/ml. A frequência de resistência ao fluconazol foi de 1,7% e ao cetoconazol, de 3,4%. CONCLUSÃO: C. albicans foi a espécie predominante. Observamos elevada sensibilidade de Candida spp. aos antifúngicos fluconazol e cetoconazol.

The Low Prevalence of Y Chromosomal Microdeletions is Observed in the Oligozoospermic Men in the Area of Mato Grosso State and Amazonian Region of Brazilian Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and microdeletions on Y chromosome in infertile patients with oligozoospermia or azoospermia in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 94 men from infertile couples. Karyotype analysis was performed by lymphocyte culture technique. DNA from each sample was extracted using non-enzymatic method. Microdeletions were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: With the use of cytogenetic analysis, five patients (5.3%) had abnormal karyotype, one azoospermic patient (1.1%) had karyotype 46,XY,t(7;1) (qter-p35), one (1.1%) with mild oligozoospermia had karyotype 46,XY,delY(q), and two other azoospermic patients had karyotype 47,XXY, consistent with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). One of them (1.1%) with severe oligozoospermia had karyotype 46,XY,8p+. Microdeletion on Y chromosome was found in the azoospermia factor c (AZFc) region in only one azoospermic patient (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of genetic abnormalities in oligo/azoospermic Brazilian men from infertile couple was 5.3%, and microdeletion on Y chromosome was not a common finding in this population (1.1%).

[Clinical and cytogenetic aspects of the Turner syndrome in the Brazilian Western region]. / Características clínicas e citogenéticas da síndrome de Turner na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

PURPOSE: to examine the association between cytogenetic characteristics and clinical and epidemiological changes in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). METHODS: Forty-two patients were included. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire in interviews conducted with the responsible person and, when possible, with the patient. A detailed physical examination was performed. The association between karyotype, stigmata and clinical disorders were examined using the χ2 test. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent of TS patients were 45,X; 26,2% 45,X/46,X;7% 45,X/46Xi(Xq), and 2,3% 45,X/46,X,Del(Xq). Regardless of the karyotype, all patients had short stature. Low hair implantation was more frequent in patients with 45,X (p=0.03). Cardiovascular abnormalities (45%), otitis (43%), thyroid dysfunction (33%) and hypertension (26.6%) were the most frequent clinical disorders, but without correlation with the karyotype. Anthropometric measurements revealed a positive linear correlation of waist and hip circumference with age (r=0.9, p=0.01). Thirty-one patients (74%) were using or had previously used growth hormone (43%), sex steroids (30%), thyroxine (11.9%) or oxandrolone (9.5%). Comparison between gestational age at birth and learning difficulties showed a prevalence ratio of 1.71 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Low hair implantation is the most prevalent stigma in patients with a 45,X karyotype and the most common clinical changes were cardiovascular problems, otitis, thyroid dysfunction and hypertension; however, they did not show any correlation with the karyotype.