Determination of TNF-a Gene Polymorphisms on Skeletal Pattern in Class II Malocclusion.

Bone development and growth is a non-going, life-long process, varying greatly among individuals and much of this variation could be modulated by genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms in the TNF-a gene and skeletal class II malocclusion. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) gene were studied in 79 skeletal class II malocclusion and 102 skeletal class I malocclusion subjects from Straight Wire Group of Studies on Orthodontics and Functional Orthopedics for Maxillary from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Genotyping of these selected polymorphisms was carried out by TaqMan real-time PCR using genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. All allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups using the PLINK® software in a free, in a dominant and in a recessive model using a chi-square test (p≤0.05). There was no significant association of TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) genotype and allele distribution with skeletal class II malocclusion. Regardless of the dominant or recessive genetic model, the preferential genotype associations for rs1799724 and rs1800629 was insignificant. In conclusion, no evidence of association is apparent between genetic polymorphisms involving TNF-a and skeletal class II malocclusion or the position of the maxilla and mandible in the postero-anterior direction.

Determination of tnf-a gene polymorphisms on skeletal pattern in class ii malocclusion

Abstract Bone development and growth is a non-going, life-long process, varying greatly among individuals and much of this variation could be modulated by genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms in the TNF-a gene and skeletal class II malocclusion. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) gene were studied in 79 skeletal class II malocclusion and 102 skeletal class I malocclusion subjects from Straight Wire Group of Studies on Orthodontics and Functional Orthopedics for Maxillary from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Genotyping of these selected polymorphisms was carried out by TaqMan real-time PCR using genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. All allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups using the PLINK® software in a free, in a dominant and in a recessive model using a chi-square test (p≤0.05). There was no significant association of TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) genotype and allele distribution with skeletal class II malocclusion. Regardless of the dominant or recessive genetic model, the preferential genotype associations for rs1799724 and rs1800629 was insignificant. In conclusion, no evidence of association is apparent between genetic polymorphisms involving TNF-a and skeletal class II malocclusion or the position of the maxilla and mandible in the postero-anterior direction.

Resumo O desenvolvimento e crescimento ósseo é um processo contínuo, que dura toda a vida, variando muito entre os indivíduos e grande parte dessa variação pode ser modulada por fatores genéticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre os polimorfismos no gene TNF-a e a má oclusão da classe II esquelética. Polimorfismos no gene TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) foram estudados em 79 indivíduos com má oclusão esquelética de classe II e 102 indivíduos com má oclusão esquelética classe I do Grupo de Estudos em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Funcional dos Maxilares do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A genotipagem destes polimorfismos foi realizada por PCR em tempo real, através de DNA genômico extraído de células bucais. Todas as frequências alélicas e genotípicas foram comparadas entre os grupos utilizando o software PLINK® em um modelo livre, dominante e recessivo. Foi aplicado o teste do qui-quadrado (p≤0,05). Não houve associação significativa na distribuição genotipica e alélica do gene TNF-a (rs1799724; rs1800629) com a má oclusão de classe II esquelética. Independentemente do modelo genético dominante ou recessivo, as associações genotípicas preferenciais para rs1799724 e rs1800629 foram insignificantes. Pode-se concluir que, não existe evidência de associação entre polimorfismos genéticos envolvendo TNF-a e má oclusão esquelética de classe II ou a posição da maxila e mandíbula na direção póstero-anterior.

Genetic variants in ACTN3 and MYO1H are associated with sagittal and vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association of genetic variants inACTN3 and MYO1H with craniofacial skeletal patterns in Brazilians. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study enrolled orthodontic and orthognathic patients selected from 4 regions of Brazil. Lateral cephalograms were used and digital cephalometric tracings and analyzes were performed for craniofacial phenotype determination. Participants were classified according to the skeletal malocclusion in Class I, II or III; and according to the facial type in Mesofacial, Dolichofacial or Brachyfacial. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples containing exfoliated buccal epithelial cells and analyzed for genetic variants inACTN3 (rs678397 and rs1815739) and MYO1H (rs10850110) by real-time PCR. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 5%). RESULTS: A total of 646 patients were included in the present study. There was statistically significant association of the genotypes and/or alleles distributions with the skeletal malocclusion (sagittal skeletal pattern) and facial type (vertical pattern) for the variants assessed inACTN3 (P < 0.05). For the genetic variant evaluated in MYO1H, there was statistically significant difference between the genotypes frequencies for skeletal Class I and Class II (P < 0.05). The reported associations were different depending on the region evaluated. CONCLUSION: ACTN3 and MYO1H are associated with sagittal and vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns in Brazilian populations.

Recuperação do espaço protético por meio de intrusão de 1º e 2º molares superiores com o uso de mini-implantes / Prosthetic space recovered through intrusion of maxillary first and second molars using miniscrews

O aumento do número de pacientes adultos buscando tratamento ortodôntico exigiu mudanças nos protocolos de tratamento. O desenvolvimento de novas modalidades terapêuticas, como os dispositivos de ancoragem absoluta, permite ao profissional resultados previsíveis nos casos de recuperação de espaço para reabilitação protética de dentes perdidos. A perda de um dente na região posterior prejudica a função mastigatória do lado envolvido. Além disso, essa ausência dentária propicia o movimento de sobre-erupção dos dentes antagonistas, agravando o desarranjo oclusal. O presente artigo apresenta um caso clínico onde foi realizada intrusão de primeiro e segundo molar superior direito, por meio de cadeia elástica apoiada em mini-implantes instalados por vestibular e por palatina, promovendo o nivelamento dentário desta região e permitindo a reabilitação protética dos dentes inferiores perdidos.

The increasing number of adult patients seeking for orthodontic treatment has demanded modifications in treatment protocols. The development of new therapeutic modalities, such as absolute anchorage devices, allows predictable results in cases of space recovery for prosthetic rehabilitation of missing teeth. The loss of a posterior tooth impairs masticatory function of the involved site. In addition the absence of a tooth propitiates over eruption of antagonist teeth, aggravating occlusal derangement. This article presents a case report of intrusion of maxillary first and second right molars using elastic chain supported by mini-implants placed vestibular and palatal, promoting dental leveling and allowing prosthetic rehabilitation of absent mandibular teeth.

Ortodontia minimalista no tratamento das más oclusões do Padrão II: relato de caso / Orthodontic minimalist treatment of malocclusions Pattern II: case report

As más oclusões do Padrão II podem demandar diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. Quando a face é no mínimo aceitável, o tratamento poderá se restringir a região dentoalveolar. O objetivo é apresentar um caso clínico de um paciente Padrão II, face aceitável, com apinhamento grave na região anterior inferior, que foi submetido a um tratamento ortodôntico compensatório com abordagem minimalista. A abordagem minimalista no tratamento ortodôntico do referido paciente permitiu redução no tempo de tratamento, maior conforto e um menor custo biológico

Pattern II patients malocclusions may require different therapeutic approaches. When the face is at least acceptable, the treatment may be limited to dentoalveolar region. The aim is to present a clinical case of a pattern II patient, acceptable face, with severe crowding in the lower anterior region, who was submitted to compensatory orthodontic treatment with the minimalist approach. A minimalist approach in orthodontic treatment of this patient allowed a reduction in treatment time, increased comfort and a less biological cost.

Metas terapêuticas individualizadas no tratamento ortodôntico compensatório das más oclusões do Padrão III: relato de caso / Individualized therapeutic goals in compensatory orthodontic treatment of Pattern III malocclusions: case report

O tratamento ortodôntico compensatório das más oclusões do Padrão III pode ser adotado quando a face do paciente apresenta características aceitáveis. O protocolo de tratamento para esses pacientes tem como objetivo melhorar as relações dentárias, removendo as excrescências e manter as relações faciais. O presente trabalho objetiva ilustrar, por meio de um caso clínico, a sequência de tratamento ortodôntico compensatório de um paciente do gênero masculino, com idade de 18 anos e 5 meses, Padrão III, que apresentava má oclusão de Classe III, caracterizada pela deficiência maxilar moderada, sendo que o tratamento foi finalizado em 18 meses com a correção da relação oclusal.

The compensatory orthodontic treatment of Pattern III malocclusions may be adopted when the facial features of the patient is esthetically acceptable. The objective of this treatment perspective is essentially to improve the dental relations, removing the excrescenses, and maintaining the facial relationships. The present paper aims to illustrate, through a clinical case, a therapeutic sequence of compensatory orthodontic treatment of a young male adult Pattern III patient, showing moderate maxilla deficiency. The treatment time persisted for 18 months to reach the proper oclusal relationship.

Estudo cefalométrico da correlação da anatomia da base craniana com o padrão facial e as bases apicais / Cephalometric study of the cranial base anatomy correlation with the facial pattern and apical bases

OBJETIVOS: este estudo transversal foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar cefalometricamente a correlação da anatomia da base craniana com o padrão facial e as bases apicais. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizadas 88 telerradiografias de norma lateral de jovens leucodermas brasileiros com média de idade de 10,3 anos. Utilizou-se o índice VERT de Ricketts para a determinação do padrão facial, distribuindo a amostra em: 37 para o grupo M (mesofaciais), 34 para o grupo D (dolicofaciais) e 17 para o grupo B (braquifaciais). Realizaram-se, manualmente: o desenho anatômico, a demarcação de pontos, o traçado de linhas e planos e a aferição de medidas lineares e angulares. As medidas da base do crânio utilizadas foram S-N, N.S.Ba e S-N.Po-Or, e as medidas das bases apicais foram S.N.A, S.N.B e A.N.B. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: concluiu-se que, na correlação entre a base craniana e o padrão facial, houve significância entre a variável N.S.Ba e o índice VERT. Na correlação entre a base craniana e as bases apicais, houve significância entre N.S.Ba e as variáveis S.N.A e S.N.B, e entre S-N.Po-Or e as variáveis S.N.A e S.N.B.

AIM: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the object of making a cephalometric evaluation of the cranial base anatomy correlation with the facial pattern and apical bases. METHODS: 88 lateral teleradiographies of young white Brazilian with mean age of 10.3 years were used. The Ricketts VERT index was used to determine the facial pattern, and the sample was distributed as follows: 37 in group M (mesofacial), 34 in group D (dolicofacial) and 17 in group B (brachyfacial). The anatomic drawing, demarcation of points, line and plane tracings, and linear and angular measurement gauging were done manually. The cranial base measurements used were S-N, N.S.Ba and S-N.Po-Or and the apical base measurements were S.N.A, S.N.B and A.N.B. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, in the correlation between the cranial base and the facial pattern, there was significance between the variable N.S.Ba and the VERT Index. In the correlation between the cranial base and the apical bases, there was significance between N.S.Ba and the variables S.N.A and S.N.B, and between S-N.Po-Or and the variables S.N.A and S.N.B.