Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como ferramenta para diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde com COVID-19 / PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a tool for social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers with COVID-19 / Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como herramienta para el diagnóstico social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud con COVID-19

Objetivo: evidenciar os diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde atuantes na pandemia e acometidos por COVID-19, aplicando modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudo documental, quantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desenvolvido a partir do modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que norteia intervenções, partindo do diagnóstico faseado para implementar ações. Dados obtidos em 215 prontuários de trabalhadores com COVID-19, atendidos no serviço ocupacional hospitalar em Macapá, entre 2020 e 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mulheres (81,9%), pardas/pretas (79%), idade entre 40/55 anos (53,4%), técnicas de enfermagem (40%), da nefrologia (10,2%), vínculo estadual/federal (91,6%) superior a 10 anos (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: cefaleia (53,5%), tosse (51,6%), febre (47,9%). Teste rápido (76,3%), atendimento ambulatorial (90,2%), afastamento de 8 a 14 dias (45,1%), 100% curados, sequelas em 12,6%. Sem diferença significativa quanto ao afastamento por função exercida. Dispneia, dor torácica e sequelas da doença tem maior chance de afastamento. Conclusão: a aplicação do modelo possibilita planejar ações de conscientização/prevenção sobre risco, adoecimento, acidente laboral e cuidados à saúde dos trabalhadores(AU)

Objective: to highlight the social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers working in the pandemic and affected by COVID-19, applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: documentary, quantitative, observational, retrospective study, developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which guides interventions, starting from phased diagnosis to implement actions. Data obtained from 215 medical records of workers with COVID-19, treated at the hospital occupational service in Macapá, between 2020 and 2021. Results: social diagnosis: women (81.9%), brown/black (79%), aged between 40/ 55 years old (53.4%), nursing technicians (40%), nephrology (10.2%), state/federal employment (91.6%) for more than 10 years (60.4%). Epidemiological Diagnosis: headache (53.5%), cough (51.6%), fever (47.9%). Rapid test (76.3%), outpatient care (90.2%), sick leave of 8 to 14 days (45.1%), 100% cured, sequelae in 12.6%. No significant difference in terms of leave by function performed. Dyspnea, chest pain and sequelae of the disease have a greater chance of sick leave. Conclusion: the application of the model makes it possible to plan awareness/prevention actions regarding risk, illness, occupational accidents and workers' health care(AU)

Objetivo: visibilizar los diagnósticos social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud que trabajan en la pandemia y afectados por el COVID-19, aplicando el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudio documental, cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desarrollado con base en el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que orienta las intervenciones, a partir del diagnóstico por fases para implementar de acciones. Los datos se obtuvieron de 215 historias clínicas de trabajadores con COVID-19, atendidos en el servicio ocupacional hospitalario de Macapá, entre 2020 y 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mujeres (81,9%), morenas/negras (79%), edades entre 40/ 55 años (53,4%), técnicos en enfermería (40%), del área de nefrología (10,2%), empleo estatal/federal (91,6%) con más de 10 años (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: dolor de cabeza (53,5%), tos (51,6%), fiebre (47,9%). Prueba rápida (76,3%), atención ambulatoria (90,2%), baja laboral de 8 a 14 días (45,1%), 100% curados, secuelas en un 12,6%. No hay diferencia significativa en términos de licencias por función desempeñada. La disnea, el dolor torácico y las secuelas de la enfermedad tienen mayor probabilidad de ocasionar la baja laboral. Conclusiones: la aplicación del modelo permite planificar acciones de concienciación/prevención en cuanto al riesgo, enfermedades, accidentes laborales y atención de la salud de los trabajadores(AU)

Notificação da COVID-19 como acidente laboral por trabalhadores da saúde: scoping review / Notification of COVID-19 as an occupational injury by health workers: scoping review / Notification of COVID-19 as an occupational injury by health workers: scoping review / Notificación de COVID-19 como accidente laboral por trabajadores de la salud: scoping review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as publicações que discorreram sobre a COVID-19 como acidente laboral e sua notificação pelos trabalhadores da saúde. Métodos A busca para esta scoping review, explorou literatura nacional e internacional, no período de 2020 e 2021, em inglês, português e espanhol, nas bases de dados do Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, na MEDLINE por meio do PubMed e no Portal de Periódicos da Capes empregou-se: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL. Os textos foram importados para o EndNote, suprimido os duplicados e exportados para o aplicativo Rayyan, sendo feita a inclusão dos artigos em planilha Excel com os rótulos/etiquetas: COVID-19 como acidentes de trabalho e Notificação de COVID-19. Resultados Foram identificados 5.665 estudos, excluindo 2.088 duplicações, resultando 3.577 publicações, selecionadas por título e resumo. Destas, 3.280 não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, resultando 297 artigos. Destes, 10 foram selecionados para análise completa do texto por tratarem da COVID-19 como acidente de trabalho e/ou notificação deste agravo pelos trabalhadores da saúde. Dois artigos foram excluídos por se tratar de revisão de literatura, permanecendo 8 como corpus do estudo. Conclusão Apesar de determinados países já reconhecerem a COVID-19 como doença ocupacional, alguns trabalhadores ainda apresentam dificuldades em relacionar a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 com o trabalho na assistência à saúde, caracterizando como acidente laboral. Todos devem ser orientados e capacitados quanto ao reconhecimento da COVID-19 como acidente laboral e notificar sua ocorrência, uma vez que já existe a definição da infecção como doença de notificação compulsória.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar las publicaciones que abordaron el COVID-19 como accidente laboral y su notificación por parte de los trabajadores de la salud. Métodos La búsqueda para esta scoping review exploró la literatura nacional e internacional, durante el período de 2020 a 2021, en inglés, portugués y español, en las bases de datos del Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, en MEDLINE a través de PubMed, y en el Portal de Periódicos de Capes se utilizó Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL. Los textos fueron importados a EndNote, se eliminaron los duplicados y se exportaron a la aplicación Rayyan, se incluyeron los artículos en una planilla de Excel con la clasificación/etiquetas: COVID-19 como accidente de trabajo y Notificación de COVID-19. Resultados Se identificaron 5.665 estudios, se excluyeron 2.088 duplicaciones, que dio como resultado 3.577 publicaciones, seleccionadas por título y resumen. De ellas, 3.280 no atendían los criterios de inclusión, por lo que se obtuvieron 297 artículos. De estos, 10 fueron seleccionados para análisis completo del texto porque trataban el COVID-19 como accidente de trabajo o notificación de este daño por parte de los trabajadores de la salud. Se excluyeron dos artículos porque se trataban de revisión de literatura, por lo cual permanecieron ocho como corpus de estudio. Conclusión Aunque determinados países ya reconocieron el COVID-19 como una enfermedad ocupacional, algunos trabajadores aún tienen dificultad de relacionar la infección por SARS-CoV-2 con el trabajo en la atención a la salud, caracterizándolo como un accidente laboral. Todos deben ser orientados y capacitados sobre el reconocimiento del COVID-19 como accidente laboral y notificar su ocurrencia, dado que ya existe la definición de la infección como enfermedad de notificación obligatoria.

Abstract Objective To identify the publications that discussed COVID-19 as an occupational injury and its notification by health workers. Methods The search for this scoping review explored national and international literature, between 2020 and 2021, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the databases of the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library, in MEDLINE through PubMed and in Capes Journal Portal used: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL. The texts were imported into EndNote, duplicates were removed and exported to the Rayyan application, and the articles were included in an Excel spreadsheet with the labels: COVID-19 as injuries at work and Notification of COVID-19. Results A total of 5665 studies were identified, excluding 2088 duplicates, resulting in 3577 publications, selected by title and abstract. Of these, 3280 did not meet the inclusion criteria, resulting in 297 articles. Of these, 10 were selected for full text analysis because they dealt with COVID-19 as an injury at work and/or notification of this condition by health workers. Two articles were excluded because they were a literature review, remaining 8 as the study's corpus. Conclusion Although certain countries already recognize COVID-19 as an occupational injury, some workers still have difficulties in relating the SARS-CoV-2 infection with work in health care, characterizing it as an occupational injured. Everyone should be guided and trained regarding the recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational injury and notify its occurrence, since the definition of the infection as a notifiable disease already exists.

Theoretical and experimental spectroscopic investigation of new Eu(III)-FOD complex containing 2-pyrrolidone ligand.

The preparation and photoluminescent properties of the new [Eu(FOD)3(2-Pyr)2] complex (FOD = 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octadionate; 2-Pyr = 2-pyrrolidone) are reported. The obtained complex was characterized by elemental analysis, complexometric titration using EDTA, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The coordination polyhedron of the complex is described as a distorted square antiprismatic with both 2-Pyr monodentate ligands coordinated to Eu(III) via the oxygen atoms, in neutral form, while the three FOD molecules are coordinated in the anionic form. Structural modeling at the PBE1PBE/SVP/MWB52 level of theory provided a geometry in excellent agreement with the one obtained experimentally. Spectroscopy properties such as intensity parameters (Ω2 and Ω4), radiative emission rate (Arad), and chemical partition of Arad for [Eu(FOD)3(2-Pyr)2] and [Eu(FOD)3(H2O)2] were calculated by using the QDC model with help of the semiempirical wavefunctions. The modeling of the ligand-to-metal energy transfer for both complexes was performed, allowing to obtain the theoretical emission quantum yield and to characterize the most relevant molecular orbitals involved.

Characterization of occupational accidents occurred at the Occupational Health Referral Center of the state of Amapá between 2007 and 2016.

INTRODUCTION: Occupational accidents involving biological material have consequences that range from physical damage to public expenses. The study of this topic may help evaluate conducts and form preventive measures. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the notifications of occupational accidents involving biological material that occurred between 2007 and 2016 in the state of Amapá, Brazil. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective, and descriptive study with a data analysis that quantified occupational accidents with biological material reported between January 2007 and December 2016 and analyzed the most prevalent risk factors. RESULTS: Data were obtained from the Occupational Health Reference Center of the state of Amapá: 938 cases of occupational accidents with biological material were reported in the studied period. The main type of exposure was percutaneous (75.8%), the most common organic material was blood (68.4%), and the main causative agent was the hollow-bore needle (58.6%). Considering the reported cases, 80.8% of 745 individuals were vaccinated against hepatitis B and 2.4% of 252 individuals had positive anti-HIV. Regarding the clinical progression of the injured workers, in 91.9% of the cases these data were unknown or not recorded, and 47.4% of the patients who provided this information were discharged with no serological conversion. CONCLUSIONS: The main causes of occupational accidents were related to the use of sharps for intravenous drug administration and the inadequate disposal of this material, highlighting the need for stronger attention when performing these procedures. The high incidence of unknown/blank data hampered the correct serological follow-up of the patients and the epidemiological characterization of the accidents.

Redox mediator, microaeration, and nitrate addition as engineering approaches to enhance the biotransformation of antibiotics in anaerobic reactors.

The present work assessed some engineering approaches, such as the addition of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) (50 and 100 µM), microaeration (1 mL air min-1), and nitrate (100-400 mg L-1), for enhancing the biotransformation of the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) (200 µg L-1 each) in anaerobic reactors operated at a short hydraulic retention time (7.4 h). Initially, very low removal efficiencies (REs) of SMX and TMP were obtained under anaerobic conditions (∼6%). After adding AQDS, the anaerobic biotransformation of these antibiotics significantly improved, with an increase of approximately 70% in the REs with 100 µM of AQDS. Microaeration also enhanced the biotransformation of SMX and TMP, especially when associated with AQDS, which provided REs above 70%, particularly for TMP (∼91% with 1 mL air min-1 and 50 µM of AQDS). Concerning nitrate, the higher the added concentration, the higher the REs of the antibiotics (∼86% with 400 mg L-1). Therefore, all the assessed approaches were demonstrated to be very effective in improving the limited biotransformation of SMX and TMP in anaerobic reactors, ensuring REs comparable to those found in higher-cost wastewater treatment technologies, such as conventional activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, and hybrid processes.

Epidemiologia do abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes admitidas em um hospital de referência da amazônia brasileira: um estudo exploratório-descritivo / Epidemiology of sexual abuse against children and adolescents admitted to a referral hospital of the Brazilian Amazon: a study exploratory-descriptive

Introdução: O enfrentamento da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes exige que se conheçam todos os fatores envolvidos, para a elaboração de estratégias governamentais de enfrentamento. Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia da violência sexual infantojuvenil admitidas em um hospital de referência de Macapá (AP), Amazônia Brasileira. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital infantojuvenil de referência estadual, situado no município de Macapá (AP), acerca dos atendimentos a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual durante o ano de 2016, mesclando dados públicos e de prontuários. Resultados: Foram analisados 55 prontuários e fichas de notificações, sendo que a faixa etária de 8 a 10 anos foi a mais prevalente, com predominância do sexo feminino 76,4%. O agressor do sexo masculino foi o mais prevalente 69,1% e 37,7% deles eram desconhecidos da vítima. A própria residência da vítima foi o local com maior índice de casos 49,1%, sendo que 81,8% ocorreram na cidade de Macapá. Conclusão: Registrou-se alto índice de abusos sexuais infantis em Macapá, com predomínio de vítimas do sexo feminino, com menos de 10 anos, agredidas em sua própria residência, por abusadores do espaço doméstico (intrafamiliar) e por estranhos (extrafamiliar). Os autores: padrasto, primo e tio representaram 28,3%, desconhecidos corresponderam a 37,7%, sendo o ambiente e o vínculo do agressor "não informado" em 71,4% dos casos. A falha no preenchimento dos dados no formulário de atendimento às vítimas de violência sexual compromete a definição precisa e clara do panorama que envolve a situação de saúde pública.

Use of iron mining tailings from dams for carbon nanotubes synthesis in fluidized bed for 17α-ethinylestradiol removal.

This work reports the use of an iron ore tailings from waste dam as a catalyst and support for carbon nanotubes synthesis and their application in the adsorption of the 17α-ethinylestradiol hormone. The synthesis was carried out by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) in a Fluidized Bed system using: ethylene at temperatures of 500, 600 and 700 °C, and acetonitrile at 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the two higher temperatures in each case favored the formation of nanostructures like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with good yields. The ethylene source generated classic tubular structures of multiple walls. On the other hand, acetonitrile provided the formation of tubes with less organization, known as bamboo like. This morphology was caused by the insertion of nitrogen into the graphite structure (doping), which originates from the carbon source. The adsorptive capacity of the materials for 17α-Ethinylestradiol removal ranging from 9.2 mg g-1 to 22.3 mg g-1. The kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies were also performed for the systems. As for kinetics, all of them presented pseudo-second order behavior. In relation to the type of isotherm, the systems showed Freundlich behavior, that is, the adsorption occurs in multiple layers. Finally, it was concluded that the use of an iron ore tail as a catalyst in the production of CNTs by CVD is feasible. The materials synthesized still had good adsorptive capacity for an emerging contaminant, thus this study allowed the investigation of two environmental problems.

Tailings from Fundão Tragedy: Physical-Chemical Properties of the Material That Remains by Candonga Dam.

In this work, samples of Fe mining tailings from the collapsed Fundão Dam, Brazil, which were retained by the Candonga hydroelectric power plant, were characterized by various techniques. Quartz, hematite, kaolinite, and goethite were identified as the main phases present. The composition, homogeneity, and relatively low (~1%) organic matter content indicate potential for usage of these tailings in civil constructions. The next step of this work is to investigate such applications. If their feasibility is confirmed, the goal is to use this material for construction in the areas affected by the Fundão Dam rupture. This use will lead to positive socio-environmental impacts in these regions, where tailings still need to be removed and damaged infrastructure needs to be repaired. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:636-642. © 2019 SETAC.

Neste trabalho, amostras do rejeito de mineração de ferro, proveniente do rompimento da barragem de Fundão e retidas pela usina hidroelétrica de Candonga, foram caracterizadas por diversas técnicas. Quartzo, hematita, caulinita e ghoetita foram identificadas como as principais fases presentes no rejeito. A composição, homogeneidade e teor de matéria orgânica relativamente baixo, cerca de 1%, indicam uso potencial deste material em construção civil. O próximo passo deste trabalho é investigar tais aplicações. Se a viabilidade for confirmada, o objetivo é utilizar esse material para obras nas áreas afetadas pelo rompimento da barragem de Fundão. Isso contribuirá para reduzir os impactos socioambientais nessas regiões, as quais ainda necessitam da remoção do rejeito e de reparos na infraestrutura danificada. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:636-642.

Tendência na incidência de acidentes de trajeto em trabalhadores no Brasil entre 2009 e 2016 / Trend in the incidence of commuting accidents among workers in Brazil between 2009 and 2016

Introdução: Os acidentes de trajeto ocorrem no percurso do domicílio até o local de trabalho e vice-versa. Esse tipo de acidente de trabalho pode resultar em grave desordem à saúde do trabalhador e, em grande quantidade, impactar financeiramente o Sistema Único de Saúde e a Previdência Social Brasileira (PSB). Objetivos: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e estimar a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto em trabalhadores no Brasil entre 2009 e 2016. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo, com análises de séries temporais (2009­2016), baseado em dados secundários e oficiais extraídos dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social. As informações de População Economicamente Ativa foram retiradas da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. As incidências anuais foram calculadas para cada 100 mil pessoas economicamente ativas, independentemente de sexo, de idade e de contribuição para a PSB. Utilizou-se o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para realizar testes de regressão linear simples temporal, considerando significância de p<0,05. Resultados: O perfil epidemiológico do trabalhador acometido foi de homem entre 20 e 29 anos com fratura de perna e/ou tornozelo, que representou 24,73% do total de trabalhadores acometidos. No período, a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto aumentou de 88,17 para 105,88, o que resultou em taxa de variação de 20,08% (R2 =0,715; p=0,008). Conclusão: O crescimento da incidência e do número de acidentes demonstra grande necessidade de elaboração de planos governamentais de prevenção, que devem ser direcionados aos principais grupos de risco.

Background: Commuting accidents might have serious consequences for the health of workers, in addition to considerable financial impacts on the national health system and the social security administration. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile and calculate the incidence of commuting accidents in Brazil in the period from 2009 to 2016. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study with time series analysis (2009­2016) based on official secondary data obtained from Social Security Statistical Yearbooks. Information on the economically active population was retrieved from the National Household Sample Survey. Annual incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 economically active population. Simple temporal linear regression analysis was performed with software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: The epidemiological profile of workers involved in commuting accidents corresponded to men, aged 20 to 29 and with leg/ankle fractures, which represented 24.78% of the total population of involved workers. The incidence of commuting accidents increased from 88.17 to 105.88 in the analyzed period, which represents an variation rate of 20.08% (R2 =0.715; p=0.008). Conclusion: The detected rise in the incidence and number of commuting accidents point to the need for the government to formulate prevention plans targeting high-risk groups.

Trend in the incidence of commuting accidents among workers in Brazil between 2009 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: Commuting accidents might have serious consequences for the health of workers, in addition to considerable financial impacts on the national health system and the social security administration. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile and calculate the incidence of commuting accidents in Brazil in the period from 2009 to 2016. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study with time series analysis (2009-2016) based on official secondary data obtained from Social Security Statistical Yearbooks. Information on the economically active population was retrieved from the National Household Sample Survey. Annual incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 economically active population. Simple temporal linear regression analysis was performed with software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The significance level was set to p<0.05. RESULTS: The epidemiological profile of workers involved in commuting accidents corresponded to men, aged 20 to 29 and with leg/ankle fractures, which represented 24.78% of the total population of involved workers. The incidence of commuting accidents increased from 88.17 to 105.88 in the analyzed period, which represents an variation rate of 20.08% (R2=0.715; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The detected rise in the incidence and number of commuting accidents point to the need for the government to formulate prevention plans targeting high-risk groups.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os acidentes de trajeto ocorrem no percurso do domicílio até o local de trabalho e vice-versa. Esse tipo de acidente de trabalho pode resultar em grave desordem à saúde do trabalhador e, em grande quantidade, impactar financeiramente o Sistema Único de Saúde e a Previdência Social Brasileira (PSB). OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e estimar a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto em trabalhadores no Brasil entre 2009 e 2016. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo, com análises de séries temporais (2009-2016), baseado em dados secundários e oficiais extraídos dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social. As informações de População Economicamente Ativa foram retiradas da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. As incidências anuais foram calculadas para cada 100 mil pessoas economicamente ativas, independentemente de sexo, de idade e de contribuição para a PSB. Utilizou-se o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para realizar testes de regressão linear simples temporal, considerando significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: O perfil epidemiológico do trabalhador acometido foi de homem entre 20 e 29 anos com fratura de perna e/ou tornozelo, que representou 24,73% do total de trabalhadores acometidos. No período, a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto aumentou de 88,17 para 105,88, o que resultou em taxa de variação de 20,08% (R2=0,715; p=0,008). CONCLUSÃO: O crescimento da incidência e do número de acidentes demonstra grande necessidade de elaboração de planos governamentais de prevenção, que devem ser direcionados aos principais grupos de risco.

Micromesoporous Activated Carbons as Catalysts for the Efficient Oxidation of Aqueous Sulfide.

KOH activation of a mesophase pitch produces very efficient carbons for the removal of sulfide in aqueous solution, increasing the sulfur oxidation rate with the degree of activation of the carbon. These carbons are characterized by their graphitic structures, with domains of sizes of around 20 nm, and a moderate concentration of surface oxygen groups (0.2-0.5 mmol·g-1) dominating the basic groups. Because the activation leads first to a strong development of the micropores and later to a development of the mesopores, the surface area values are always high, reaching values of as high as 3250 m2·g-1 in the most activated carbon, with a volume of mesopores of as high as 44% of the total pore volume. In the presence of this carbon, the sulfide oxidation rate is 100 times higher than that found for a commercial activated carbon, the results indicating that the porosity of the carbon, especially mesoporosity, plays a role more important than the structure or the chemical nature of the carbon in the kinetics of sulfide oxidation to different polysulfides.

In vitro studies of the activity of dithiocarbamate organoruthenium complexes against clinically relevant fungal pathogens.

The in vitro antifungal activity of nine dirutheniumpentadithiocarbamate complexes C1-C9 was investigated and assessed for its activity against four different fungal species with clinical interest and related to invasive fungal infections (IFIs), such as Candida spp. [C. albicans (two clinical isolates), C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsolisis, C. tropicalis, C.dubliniensis (six clinical isolates)], Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (seven clinical isolates), Cryptococcus neoformans and Sporothrix schenckii. All synthesized complexes C1-C9 and also the free ligands L1-L9 were submitted to in vitro tests against those fungi and the results are very promising, since some of the obtained MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values were very low (from 10-6 mol mL-1 to 10-8 mol mL-1) against all investigated clinically relevant fungal pathogens, except for C. glabrata, that the MIC values are close to the ones obtained for fluconazole, the standard antifungal agent tested. Preliminary structure-activity relations (SAR) might be suggested and a strong influence from steric and lipophilic parameters in the antifungal activity can be noticed. Cytotoxicity assays (IC50) showed that the complexes are not as toxic (IC50 values are much higher-30 to 200 fold-than MIC values). These ruthenium complexes are very promising lead compounds for novel antifungal drug development, especially in IFIs, one of most harmful emerging infection diseases (EIDs).

Synthesis, crystal structure and luminescence properties of the Ln(III)-picrate complexes with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium as countercations.

New anionic complexes of lanthanide picrates containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm) as countercation have been prepared. The Ln(III) complexes were characterized by complexometric titration, elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy and molar conductivity. The molecular structures of the (EMIm)2[Ln(Pic)4(H2O)2]Pic complexes, Ln(III)=Sm, Eu, Gd and Tb, and Pic=picrate, were determined by X-ray crystallography. In these structures the picrate anion appears in three forms: as uncoordinated counteranion, as monodentated and bidentate ligand. The coordination polyhedron around the Ln(III) atom can be described as tricapped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry. The theoretical molecular structures of the complexes were also calculated using the Sparkle/PM3 model for Ln(III) complexes, allowing analysis of intramolecular energy transfer processes of the Eu(III) compound. The spectroscopic properties of the 4f(6) intraconfigurational transitions of the Eu(III) complex were then studied experimentally and theoretically. The low value of emission quantum efficiency of (5)D0 emitting level (η) of Eu(III) ion (ca. 10%) is due to the vibrational modes of the water molecule that act as luminescence quenching. In addition, the luminescence decay curves, the experimental intensity parameters (Ωλ), lifetimes (τ), radiative (Arad) and non-radiative (Anrad) decay rates, theoretical quantum yield (q) were also determined and discussed.

Synthesis and characterization of the europium(III) pentakis(picrate) complexes with imidazolium countercations: structural and photoluminescence study.

Six new lanthanide complexes of stoichiometric formula (C)(2)[Ln(Pic)(5)]--where (C) is a imidazolium cation coming from the ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium picrate (BMIm-Pic), 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium picrate (BEIm-Pic), and 1,3-dibutylimidazolium picrate (BBIm-Pic), and Ln is Eu(III) or Gd(III) ions--have been prepared and characterized. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first cases of Ln(III) pentakis(picrate) complexes. The crystal structures of (BEIm)(2)[Eu(Pic)(5)] and (BBIm)(2)[Eu(Pic)(5)] compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The [Eu(Pic)(5)](2-) polyhedra have nine oxygen atoms coordinated to the Eu(III) ion, four oxygen atoms from bidentate picrate, and one oxygen atom from monodentate picrate. The structures of the Eu complexes were also calculated using the sparkle model for lanthanide complexes, allowing an analysis of intramolecular energy transfer processes in the coordination compounds. The photoluminescence properties of the Eu(III) complexes were then studied experimentally and theoretically, leading to a rationalization of their emission quantum yields.

Magnetic composites based on metallic nickel and molybdenum carbide: a potential material for pollutants removal.

New magnetic composites based on metallic nickel and molybdenum carbide, Ni/Mo(2)C, have been produced via catalytic chemical vapor deposition from ethanol. Scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the CVD process occurs in a single step. This process involves the reduction of NiMo oxides at different temperatures (700, 800 and 900°C) with catalytic deposition of carbon from ethanol producing molybdenum carbide on Ni surface. In the absence of molybdenum the formation of Ni/C was observed. The magnetic molybdenum carbide was successfully used as pollutants removal by adsorption of sulfur and nitrogen compounds from liquid fuels and model dyes such as methylene blue and indigo carmine. The dibenzothiofene adsorption process over Ni/Mo(2)C reached approximately 20 mg g(-1), notably higher than other materials described in the literature and also removed almost all methylene blue dye. The great advantage of these carbide composites is that they may be easily recovered magnetically and reused.

In vitro susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. to dithiocarbamate organoruthenium compounds.

The in vitro antifungal activity of ruthenium dithiocarbamate compounds (1-5) was investigated and assessed for its activity against seven different species of Aspergillus (Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus terreus). Analysis of in vitro susceptibility was performed using broth microdilution assay following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for filamentous fungi. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Aspergillus clavatus and A. fumigatus were more susceptible species for complexes 1 and 2. Other complexes showed excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (4-64 µg ml(-1)) against most microorganisms. Complexes 1 and 2 are respectively 180- and 95-fold more active than the corresponding free ligands against A. clavatus and the complex 5 is 46-fold more active than free ligand against A. niger. Aspergillus niger was more susceptible to the action of the complexes 1 and 5 (16 µg ml(-1)). A low cytotoxic activity (IC(50) > 10(-6) mol l(-1) ) on normal mammalian cells (BHK-21) to the evaluated complexes was measured. Ruthenium complexes are promising antifungal agents against the development of novel effective drug against different species of Aspergillus; however, for A. nomius and A. terreus, they were not active in the highest concentration tested.

Ruthenium complexes endowed with potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity: Synthesis, biological characterization and structure-activity relationships.

Although effective against epimastigotes (proliferative form) and of low cytotoxicity in mammals, the aryl-4-oxothiazolylhydrazones (ATZ) display only limited activity against trypomastigotes (bloodstream form) of Trypanosoma cruzi. Considering the metal complexation approach with bioactive ligands as one possible strategy for improving the biological efficacy of ATZ, a set of eight new ruthenium-ATZ complexes (RuCl(2)ATZCOD, COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene) were prepared, chemically and biologically characterized, including in vitro assays against epimastigotes and trypomastigote forms of the parasite and also assessment of cytotoxicity in mammals. Two of these complexes presented antitrypanosomal activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations on mammalian cells and of higher potency than its metal-free ligands, while the metallic precursor [RuCl(2)COD(MeCN)(2)] showed only moderate antitrypanosomal activity. Comparative analysis between the ruthenium complexes and metal-free ligands demonstrated the usefulness of this approach, with the establishment of new SAR data. Additional pharmacological tests, including a DNA bond assay, gave rise to the proposal of a single preliminary explanation for the molecular origin of the bioactivity.

Efficient use of Fe metal as an electron transfer agent in a heterogeneous Fenton system based on Fe0/Fe3O4 composites.

In this work a novel heterogeneous Fenton system based on Fe(0)/Fe3O4 composites is described. The composites with several Fe(0)/Fe3O4 ratios were prepared by two different methods, i.e. mechanical alloying of Fe(0) and Fe3O4 powders and controlled reduction of Fe3O4 with H2. Reaction studies and detailed Conversion Electron Mössbauer surface characterization of the composites Fe(0)/Fe3O4, Fe(0), Fe3O4, alpha-Fe2O3 and gamma-Fe2O3 suggested that Fe2+surf species are essential to produce an active Fenton system. Kinetic studies for the oxidation of the dye methylene blue, used as an organic model molecule, and for the peroxide decomposition suggest that the reactions proceed via HO* radicals generated from Fe2+surf species and H2O2 in a Fenton like mechanism. The increase in activity caused by the addition of Fe(0) is discussed in terms of a creation of Fe2+surf species during the preparation of the composite and by an electron transfer mechanism from Fe(0) to Fe3+surf during the Fenton reaction to regenerate the Fe2+surf active species.

Synthesis of a eta 2-2,3-diphosphabutadiene complex of zerovalent platinum from the corresponding eta 2-phosphaalkyne complex.

Hydrozirconation of the eta 2-phosphaalkyne complex [Pt(dppe)(eta 2-tBuCP)] with [ZrHCl(eta 5-C5H5)2], followed by treatment with the chlorophosphaalkene ClP=C(SiMe3)2 affords the eta 2-2,3-diphosphabutadiene complex [Pt(dppe)(eta 2-tBuC(H)=PP=C(SiMe3)2]. In the presence of [Pt(PPh3)2] the latter undergoes an addition reaction with water to afford the structurally characterised Pt(II) complex [Pt(dppe)(tBuCH2P(O)HPC(SiMe3)2].

Impacto das ações implantadas no programa de controle da tuberculose do Hospital Universitário – UFAL sobre as taxas de abandono de tratamento

Os autores não apresentaram resumo