Human papillomavirus in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: association with viral load and lymphocyte count.

Women living with human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of developing cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Thus, it is important to combine clinical assessments, serological screening, and HPV data for planning prevention policies. This study aimed to identify HPV and its specific types in the cervical, anal, and oral mucosa of HIV-seropositive women, associating it with viral load and lymphocyte count. Sociodemographic characteristics, health data (CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and viral load), and biological samples (cervical, anal, and oral) were collected from 86 HIV-positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Data were classified according to the presence or absence of HPV-DNA, HPV-DNA presence at one or more anatomic sites, and level of oncogenic risk, considering low- and high-risk oncogenic HPV-DNA groups. The presence of HPV in the cervicovaginal site was 65.9%, 63.8% in anal canal, and 4.2% in oral mucosa. A viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL was associated with the presence of HPV-DNA. There was an association between viral load and the low-risk HPV or high-risk HPV groups. We found a high prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-seropositive women, particularly in the cervical and anal mucosa, with viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL being associated with HPV-DNA presence.

Human papillomavirus in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: association with viral load and lymphocyte count

ABSTRACT Women living with human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of developing cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Thus, it is important to combine clinical assessments, serological screening, and HPV data for planning prevention policies. This study aimed to identify HPV and its specific types in the cervical, anal, and oral mucosa of HIV-seropositive women, associating it with viral load and lymphocyte count. Sociodemographic characteristics, health data (CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and viral load), and biological samples (cervical, anal, and oral) were collected from 86 HIV-positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Data were classified according to the presence or absence of HPV-DNA, HPV-DNA presence at one or more anatomic sites, and level of oncogenic risk, considering low- and high-risk oncogenic HPV-DNA groups. The presence of HPV in the cervicovaginal site was 65.9%, 63.8% in anal canal, and 4.2% in oral mucosa. A viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL was associated with the presence of HPV-DNA. There was an association between viral load and the low-risk HPV or high-risk HPV groups. We found a high prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-seropositive women, particularly in the cervical and anal mucosa, with viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL being associated with HPV-DNA presence.

Influence of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Functionalized Chitosan Additive as Sustainable Filler for High-Density Polyethylene Composites.

In this study, an antimicrobial packaging material was successfully developed with blends of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and chitosan (CS) made by melt processing. In the different HDPE/CS composites, the CS content effect (up to 40%), and the addition of quaternary ammonium salt functionalized chitosan (CS-CTAB) as an additive were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TG), tensile strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and antimicrobial activity. When analyzing the effect of the additive in the different HDPE/CS composites, it was observed that the compositions with 10 and 20 %wt of chitosan showed better elongation values (~13% and 10%) as well as a higher decomposition temperature at 20% mass loss (T20) varying from (321-332 °C and 302-312 °C), respectively, in relation to the other compositions, regardless of the type of additive used, it acted as an antimicrobial agent, promoting inhibition of microbial growth against the strains gram-positive and gram-negative used in this work, making the different HDPE/CS composites suitable candidates for use in food packaging.

HDPE/Chitosan Blends Modified with Organobentonite Synthesized with Quaternary Ammonium Salt Impregnated Chitosan.

In this study, blends based on a high density polyethylene (HDPE) and chitosan (CS) were successfully prepared by melt processing, in a laboratory internal mixer. The CS biopolymer content effect (up to maximum of 40%), and, the addition of bentonite clay modified with quaternary ammonium salt (CTAB) impregnated chitosan as a compatibilizing agent, on the properties of the blends was analyzed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TG), tensile strength, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The use of clay modified with CTAB impregnated chitosan, employing a method developed here, improved the compatibility of HDPE with chitosan, and therefore the thermal and some of the mechanical properties were enhanced, making HDPE/chitosan blends suitable candidates for food packaging. It was possible to obtain products of synthetic polymer, HDPE, with natural polymer, chitosan, using a method very used industrially, with acceptable and more friendly properties to the environment, when compared to conventional synthetic polymers. In addition, due to the possibility of impregnated chitosan with quaternary ammonium salt exhibit higher antibacterial activity than neat chitosan, the HDPE/chitosan/organobentonite blends may be potentially applied in food containers to favor the preservation of food for a longer time in comparison to conventional materials.

Pythium insidiosum: inhibitory effects of propolis and geopropolis on hyphal growth

Abstract Propolis and geopropolis are resinous products of bees showing antimicrobial effects. There is no data concerning their action against Pythium insidiosum - the causative agent of pythiosis, a pyogranulomatous disease of the subcutaneous tissue that affects mostly horses, dogs and humans. Fragments of 15 isolates of P. insidiodum were incubated with propolis and geopropolis extracts and evaluated for up to seven days to detect the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). Propolis inhibited three isolates at 1.0 mg mL-1 after 24 h and all other isolates at 3.4 mg mL-1. Geopropolis led to more variable results, exerting predominantly a fungistatic action than a fungicidal one. Propolis was more efficient than geopropolis in inhibiting P. insidiosum since lower concentrations led to no growth after 24 h. This effect may be due to propolis chemical composition, which has more active compounds than geopropolis. Propolis seemed to be a good candidate for in vivo studies, since treatment with conventional antifungal compounds is difficult in most of the cases, requiring extensive surgical debridement.

Pythium insidiosum: inhibitory effects of propolis and geopropolis on hyphal growth.

Propolis and geopropolis are resinous products of bees showing antimicrobial effects. There is no data concerning their action against Pythium insidiosum - the causative agent of pythiosis, a pyogranulomatous disease of the subcutaneous tissue that affects mostly horses, dogs and humans. Fragments of 15 isolates of P. insidiodum were incubated with propolis and geopropolis extracts and evaluated for up to seven days to detect the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). Propolis inhibited three isolates at 1.0mgmL-1 after 24h and all other isolates at 3.4mgmL-1. Geopropolis led to more variable results, exerting predominantly a fungistatic action than a fungicidal one. Propolis was more efficient than geopropolis in inhibiting P. insidiosum since lower concentrations led to no growth after 24h. This effect may be due to propolis chemical composition, which has more active compounds than geopropolis. Propolis seemed to be a good candidate for in vivo studies, since treatment with conventional antifungal compounds is difficult in most of the cases, requiring extensive surgical debridement.

Effects of stingless bee propolis on experimental asthma.

Bee products have been used empirically for centuries, especially for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The present study evaluated the effect of treatment with a propolis hydroalcoholic extract (PHE) produced by Scaptotrigona aff. postica stingless bee in a murine asthma model. BALB/c mice were immunized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) subcutaneously. After 14 days, they were intranasally challenged with OVA. Groups P50 and P200 received PHE by gavage at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The DEXA group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone. The OVA group received only water. The mice were treated daily for two weeks and then they were immunized a second time with intranasal OVA. The treatment with PHE decreased the cell number in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL). Histological analysis showed reduced peribronchovascular inflammation after treatment with PHE especially the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. In addition, the concentration of interferon- γ (IFN- γ ) in the serum was decreased. These results were similar to those obtained with dexamethasone. Treatment with S. aff postica propolis reduced the pathology associated with murine asthma due an inhibition of inflammatory cells migration to the alveolar space and the systemic progression of the allergic inflammation.

Anticancer effects of geopropolis produced by stingless bees on canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro.

Geopropolis is produced by indigenous stingless bees from the resinous material of plants, adding soil or clay. Its biological properties have not been investigated, such as propolis, and herein its cytotoxic action on canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cells was evaluated. OSA is a primary bone neoplasm diagnosed in dogs being an excellent model in vivo to study human OSA. spOS-2 primary cultures were isolated from the tumor of a dog with osteosarcoma and incubated with geopropolis, 70% ethanol (geopropolis solvent), and carboplatin after 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell viability was analyzed by the crystal violet method. Geopropolis was efficient against canine OSA cells in a dose- and time-dependent way, leading to a distinct morphology compared to control. Geopropolis cytotoxic action was exclusively due to its constituents since 70% ethanol (its solvent) had no effect on cell viability. Carboplatin had no effect on OSA cells. Geopropolis exerted a cytotoxic effect on canine osteosarcoma, and its introduction as a possible therapeutic agent in vivo could be investigated, providing a new contribution to OSA treatment.

Geoprópolis de Melipona fasciculata SMITH: ações citotóxica, imunomoduladora, antibacteriana e antifúngica / Geopropolis of Melipona fasciculata SMITH: cytotoxica actions, immunomodulatory, antibacterial and antifungal

Própolis é composta por substâncias resinosas, coletadas de várias plantas por abelhas africanizadas, adicionando pólen, cera e secreções glandulares, enquanto para a produção de geoprópolis (Geo) as abelhas sem ferrão utilizam materiais resinosos de plantas, cera, e ainda acrescentam terra ou barro. As atividades biológicas da própolis produzida por Apis mellifera têm sido extensivamente estudadas, mas ainda são escassos os trabalhos sobre as propriedades da geoprópolis. Assim, o presente trabalho se propôs a investigar as atividades citotóxica, imunomoduladora, antibacteriana e antifúngica do extrato hidroalcoólico de geoprópolis de Melipona fasciculata Smith. Foi realizada a caracterização química da Geo, verificando que o principal grupo de compostos encontrados foram triterpenos. No tocante às células do carcinoma da laringe humana (HEp-2), Geo apresentou ação inibitória em concentrações mais elevadas; entretanto, esta ação foi somente citostática. Geo apresentou ação imunomoduladora sobre monócitos humanos, estimulando a produção das citocinas estudadas (TNF-α e IL-10). Não foi observada ação antibacteriana contra S. aureus e E. coli, havendo inibição destas linhagens somente com altas concentrações do extrato. Contudo, a associação de Geo com antibióticos favoreceu a ação do cloranfenicol sobre S. aureus. A Geo exerceu ação inibitória sobre Pythium insidiosum, tanto para o isolado obtido de caso humano como de eqüinos. Os resultados sugerem que a Geo apresentou inúmeras propriedades biológicas; contudo, sua ação é menor em comparação à própolis produzida por abelhas africanizadas, talvez devido ao baixo rendimento do extrato e sua difícil solubilidade...

Propolis is composed of resinous substances collected from various plants by Africanized honeybees, adding polen, wax and bee secretions, while for geopropolis (Geo) production stingless bees use resinous materials from plants, wax, but also adding mud or clay. The biological activities of propolis produced by Apis mellifera have been extensively studied, but there are few studies on Geo properties. Thus, the present study investigated the cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial and antifungal activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Geo produced by Melipona fasciculata Smith. The chemical characterization of Geo was performed, revealing that the main group of compounds was triterpenes. Geo exerted an inhibitory action on human larynx carcinoma cells (HEp-2) using high concentrations, however, it was only a cytostatic action. Geo exhibited immunomodulatory effects on human monocytes, stimulating cytokines production (TNF-α and IL-10). No antibacterial activity was seen against S. aureus and E. coli. However, the combination of Geo with chloramphenicol favored its effect against S. aureus. Geo exerted an inhibitory action against Pythium insidiosum, both for human or equine isolates. Data suggested that Geo presented several properties; however, its activity is lower compared to propolis produced by honeybees, perhaps due to the low yield of the extract and its difficult solubility...

Cidadania ambiental e participação: o diálogo e articulação entre distintos saberes-poderes / Environmental citizenship and participation: dialogue and coordination between different knowledge and power

RESUMO Nas últimas décadas, a biodiversidade tem estado no centro do debate da crise ecológica. Esta discussão mobiliza cientistas, políticos, sociedade civil e as populações em todo o mundo, apelando à necessidade de criar estratégias sustentáveis para a sua preservação e enfatizando abordagens mais holísticas entre natureza, sociedade e cultura para a sua promoção. Nesta análise, consideramos fundamental partir da desconstrução do desenvolvimento social e ambiental, dando especial relevância aos aspetos estruturais que o condicionam, nas suas relações e manifestações sociais, culturais e ambientais, mas, sobretudo, à agência dos indivíduos, evidenciando os conhecimentos plurais que veiculam e os espaços de emancipação e democracia participativa que requerem.

ABSTRACT In the last decades, biodiversity has been at the center of the debate of the ecological crisis. This discussion has mobilized scientists, politicians, civil society and people around the world appealing to the need to develop sustainable strategies for their preservation emphasizing more holistic approaches between nature, society and culture. In this analysis, we consider that it is essential the deconstruction of social and environmental development, giving priority to the structural aspects that have a close influence on social, cultural and environmental factors, but, especially, to the agency of individuals, demonstrating the plural knowledge they convey and spaces of empowerment and participatory democracy that they require..

Cidadania ambiental e participação: o diálogo e articulação entre distintos saberes-poderes / Environmental citizenship and participation: dialogue and coordination between different knowledge and power

RESUMO Nas últimas décadas, a biodiversidade tem estado no centro do debate da crise ecológica. Esta discussão mobiliza cientistas, políticos, sociedade civil e as populações em todo o mundo, apelando à necessidade de criar estratégias sustentáveis para a sua preservação e enfatizando abordagens mais holísticas entre natureza, sociedade e cultura para a sua promoção. Nesta análise, consideramos fundamental partir da desconstrução do desenvolvimento social e ambiental, dando especial relevância aos aspetos estruturais que o condicionam, nas suas relações e manifestações sociais, culturais e ambientais, mas, sobretudo, à agência dos indivíduos, evidenciando os conhecimentos plurais que veiculam e os espaços de emancipação e democracia participativa que requerem.

ABSTRACT In the last decades, biodiversity has been at the center of the debate of the ecological crisis. This discussion has mobilized scientists, politicians, civil society and people around the world appealing to the need to develop sustainable strategies for their preservation emphasizing more holistic approaches between nature, society and culture. In this analysis, we consider that it is essential the deconstruction of social and environmental development, giving priority to the structural aspects that have a close influence on social, cultural and environmental factors, but, especially, to the agency of individuals, demonstrating the plural knowledge they convey and spaces of empowerment and participatory democracy that they require..

Antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of geopropolis produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith.

BACKGROUND: Native bees of the tribe Meliponini produce a distinct kind of propolis called geopropolis. Although many pharmacological activities of propolis have already been demonstrated, little is known about geopropolis, particularly regarding its antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. The present study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of M. fasciculata geopropolis against oral pathogens, its effects on S. mutans biofilms, and the chemical contents of the extracts. A gel prepared with a geopropolis extract was also analyzed for its activity on S. mutans and its immunotoxicological potential. METHODS: Antimicrobial activities of three hydroalcoholic extracts (HAEs) of geopropolis, and hexane and chloroform fractions of one extract, were evaluated using the agar diffusion method and the broth dilution technique. Ethanol (70%, v/v) and chlorhexidine (0.12%, w/w) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Total phenol and flavonoid concentrations were assayed by spectrophotometry. Immunotoxicity was evaluated in mice by topical application in the oral cavity followed by quantification of biochemical and immunological parameters, and macro-microscopic analysis of animal organs. RESULTS: Two extracts, HAE-2 and HAE-3, showed inhibition zones ranging from 9 to 13 mm in diameter for S. mutans and C. albicans, but presented no activity against L. acidophilus. The MBCs for HAE-2 and HAE-3 against S. mutans were 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. HAE-2 was fractionated, and its chloroform fraction had an MBC of 14.57 mg/mL. HAE-2 also exhibited bactericidal effects on S. mutans biofilms after 3 h of treatment. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in total phenol and flavonoid concentrations were observed among the samples. Signs toxic effects were not observed after application of the geopropolis-based gel, but an increase in the production of IL-4 and IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokines, was detected. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, geopropolis produced by M. fasciculata can exert antimicrobial action against S. mutans and C. albicans, with significant inhibitory activity against S. mutans biofilms. The extract with the highest flavonoid concentration, HAE-2, presented the highest antimicrobial activity. In addition, a geopropolis-based gel is not toxic in an animal model and displays anti-inflammatory effect.

Política de educação permanente: uma análise de implementação no Distrito Sanitário III - Recife/PE / Policy of continuing education: an analysis of implementation in the Sanitary District III - Recife / PE

Este estudo constitui-se de uma reflexão acerca da educação permanente em saúde e sua contribuição no processo de implementação da Política de Educação Permanente da Saúde, no Distrito Sanitário III (DS III), da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Recife, em Pernambuco, tendo como eixo norteador a relação ensino e serviço e as adequações para formação de profissionais de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Baseado numa linha exploratória sobre a literatura científica, o estudo prevê uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e a análise de documentos oficiais da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, do Plano Municipal de Saúde 2006-2009, Plano Municipal de Saúde 2010-2013, Relatórios de Gestão 2006, 2007, 2008 e 2010, programação e ementas de projetos e ações de educação permanente implementados no DS III, relatórios finais de cursos, oficinas e capacitações. De acordo com as diretrizes da política de educação permanente do Recife, que visa à necessidade de descentralização e disseminação da capacidade pedagógica entre trabalhadores e gestores, o DS III, a partir de convênios e parcerias com outras instituições de ensino médio e superior, recebe projetos de pesquisa dos cursos de pós-graduação, residência multiprofissional em Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) e saúde coletiva. Encaminha estudantes do ensino técnico e superior para preenchimento das vagas de estágios curriculares para as Unidades de saúde do DSIII. O Projeto de humanização Cuidando de Quem Cuida, em vigor desde 2007, é uma experiência exitosa, na qual foi possível conciliar a educação no trabalho e na saúde, aos profissionais que lidam direta ou indiretamente com a saúde no DSIII, gerando mudanças na qualidade de vida no ambiente de trabalho e nas relações humanas. A implementação da Política de Educação Permanente no DSIII, por meio das políticas públicas em trabalho e escola, contribui para o desenvolvimento da gestão dos recursos humanos e nas condições de trabalho e propicia um atendimento humanizado no SUS.

Efeito do tratamento com própolis de Scaptotrigona aff. postica sobre o desenvolvimento do tumor de Ehrlich em camundongos / Effect of propolis of Scaptotrigona aff. postica on the development of the tumor of Ehrlich in mice

Neste trabalho foi investigado o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis (EHP) de Scaptotrigona aff. postica sobre o desenvolvimento do tumor de Ehrlich na forma sólida, sobre a celularidade dos órgãos linfóides dos animais portadores de tumor, bem como, sobre a produção de óxido nítrico (NO) pelos macrófagos destes animais. Camundongos Swiss foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle, EHP 0,5; EHP 5 e EHP 50, os quais foram tratados por via intraperitoneal com dose única de solução salina (NaCl 0,9 por cento); 0,5; 5 ou 50 mg de EHP/kg de animal, respectivamente. Depois de 48 h do tratamento, os animais foram inoculados com 10(5) células do tumor de Ehrlich nas patas. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com EHP nas doses de 5 e 50 mg/kg inibiu de forma significativa o desenvolvimento do tumor a partir do 6º dia pós-inóculo quando comparado ao controle e ao EHP 0,5. Além disso, houve aumento significativo da celularidade do baço e da medula óssea nos grupos EHP 0,5 e EHP 5 em relação ao controle. A produção de NO estimulada com concanavalina A (ConA) apresentou uma significante diminuição nos grupos tratados com EHP em relação ao controle. Pode-se concluir que o tratamento com EHP apresentou efeito antitumoral quando administrado nas doses de 5 e 50 mg/kg, o que pode estar relacionado com a sua composição química e com a inibição da produção de NO.

It was investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract (HEP) of propolis from Scaptotrigona aff. postica on the solid Ehrlich tumor, on the tumor-bearing mice lymphoid organs and on the nitric oxide (NO) production. Swiss mice were divided in 4 groups: control, HEP 0.5; HEP 5 and HEP 50 that was treated by intraperitoneal route with a single dose of saline solution (NaCl 0.9 percent) or 0.5 or 5 or 50 mg of HEP/kg body weight, respectively. After 48 h of treatment, the animals were inoculated with 10(5) tumor cells in their footpad. The results showed that the treatment with HEP in the doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg inhibited the development of the tumor from the 6th day post inoculums when compared to the control and to the HEP 0.5 groups. Besides, there was an increase of spleen and bone marrow cell number in HEP 0.5 and HEP 5 as compared to the control. Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated NO production was decreased in all HEP-treated groups when compared to the control. In conclusion, the treatment with HEP had an anti-tumor effect what may be related to its chemical composition and to the inhibition of NO production.

The potential use of propolis as a cariostatic agent and its actions on mutans group streptococci.

Propolis is a resinous substance made by bees. It possesses many biological activities, and many studies have reported its potential application in the control of dental caries. However, variability in the chemical composition of propolis is a potential problem in its quality control, especially since propolis has already been incorporated into products for oral use. Therefore, a critical analysis of the available data on propolis is warranted. The present review discusses the in vitro and in vivo studies published in the period between 1978 and 2008 regarding the effects of propolis on Streptococcus mutans growth, bacterial adherence, glucosyltransferase activity, and caries indicators. Several investigations carried out with crude propolis extracts, isolated fractions, and purified compounds showed reductions in Streptococcus mutans counts and interference with their adhesion capacity and glucosyltransferase activity, which are considered major properties in the establishment of the cariogenic process. Data from in vivo studies have demonstrated reductions in Streptococcus mutans counts in saliva, the plaque index, and insoluble polysaccharide formation. These findings indicate that propolis and/or its compounds are promising cariostatic agents. However, the variation in the chemical composition of propolis due to its geographical distribution is a significant drawback to its routine clinical use. Thus, further studies are needed to establish the quality and safety control criteria for propolis in order for it to be used in accordance with its proposed activity.

Relatório do XI Fórum Interprofissional sobre Violência contra a Mulher e Implementação do Aborto previsto na Lei / Final report of the XI Interprofessional Forum on Violence against Women and Implementation of Ilgal Abortion

Descrevem-se as deliberações e recomendações emanadas do XI Fórum interprofissional sobre violência contra a mulher e implementação do aborto previsto na lei. Apresentaram-se os resultados da pesquisa FEBRASGO/Cemicamp que mostraram que existe disposição de oferecer atendimento de emergência à mulher que sofre violência sexual, porém, o atendimento apropriado segundo a norma é ainda pouco freqüente (14-15 porcento). Enfrenta-se, portanto, um grande desafio para motivar os gestores dos serviços "inativos", com o fim de assegurar-se de que todas as mulheres que sofrem violência sexual recebam atendimento de emergência e para que as mulheres estupradas que engravidam e desejam abortar sejam atendidas. Discutiu-se o papel dos diferentes atores sociais para assegurar estes atendimentos, a questão da objeção de consciência e a necessidade de monitorizar o progresso na sua implementação e de divulgar os lugares onde se presta atendimento para que estes sejam melhor utilizados

The deliberation and recommendations of the XI Interprofessional Forum on violence against women and implementation of legal abortion. The results of the FEBRASGO/Cemicamp study was presented. It shows that hospital have the willingness to provide comprehensive care to women who suffer sexual violence that the services are not available, but in only 14-15 percent of them. The challenge is to motivate the health mangers to establish this services to ensure that every women who suffer sexual assault had appropriate emergency care and those who get pregnant and request pregnancy termination are attended. The role of different social actors in ensuring the implementation of care was discussed, as the issue of conscientious objection, the need to monitor progress and to disseminate the information of the health establishments that provide services

Relatório final: X Fórum interprofissional sobre violência contra a mulher e implementação do aborto previsto na lei / Final report: interprofessional forum on violence against women and implementation of legal abortion

Reconhecendo o importante papel dos Conselhos Profissionais na discussão sobre o atendimento da mulher que sofre violência sexual e solicita um aborto previsto na lei, o X Fórum foi dedicado a discutir o papel destes conselhos na ampliação do número de serviços e no fortalecimento das redes intersetoriais de prevenção da violência sexual e doméstica. Os participantes fizeram recomendações dirigidas a cada um dos vários Conselhos de Profissões da Saúde e também ao conjunto deles, assim como a outras instituições que podem colaborar com os conselhos. Considerando que o Congresso Nacional discutia o Projeto de Lei nº 1135/91, que "estabelece o direito à interrupção voluntária da gravidez e assegura a realização do procedimento no âmbito do SUS", discutiu-se a promoção do debate interno em cada associação ou conselho profissional sobre o Projeto de Lei. Após amplo debate os participantes do X Fórum interprofissional sobre violência sexual e aborto previsto na lei declararam, por consenso, seu apoio à necessidade de modificação da legistação no sentido de descriminalizar o aborto, ampliando as atuais condições de acesso, dentro de limites baseados em critérios técnicos e garantindo o aborto legal e seguro, conforme as recomendações de diversos acordos e convenções internacionais assinados pelo governo do Brasil

[Family planning in Brazil today: an analysis of recent research]. / Atenção ao planejamento familiar no Brasil hoje: reflexões sobre os resultados de uma pesquisa.

This two-component study (descriptive cross-sectional and qualitative) assessed the availability of contraceptives in primary care clinics in Brazilian municipalities. The family planning program was also analyzed as part of the country's Family Health Strategy. Phone interviews were held with local health managers to obtain information on contraceptive supply in a selected sample of municipalities. Four municipalities were selected and visited for the qualitative analysis, using direct observation and semi-structured interviews with health professionals and managers. Descriptive statistical and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Content analysis technique was used for qualitative data. According to the results, family planning activities are often not integrated with other health activities. Health professionals and managers failed to understand family planning as part of primary health care and felt unable to assist patients. Family planning in Brazil is marked by the unavailability of contraceptives in public health programs.