Barriers and Facilitators of Communication in the Medication Reconciliation Process during Hospital Discharge: Primary Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives.

The WHO established that medication errors are the most common and preventable errors and represent an expenditure of 42 billion U.S. dollars annually. The risk of medication errors increases in transitions between levels of care, mainly from hospital care to primary healthcare after hospital discharge. In this context, communication is a key element in the safety of the medication reconciliation process. The aim of this paper was to describe the barriers to, and facilitators of, effective communication during the medication reconciliation process at hospital discharge in people over 65 years of age, from the perspective of primary healthcare professionals. A qualitative descriptive study was designed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals, of whom 13 were nurses and 8 were physicians. This study was carried out with healthcare professionals belonging to primary healthcare centres in Huelva (Spain). Following content analysis of the discourses we identified 19 categories, grouped into three areas: interlevel communication, communication between primary healthcare professionals, and communication between healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers. The barriers found mainly relate to the adequacy and use of technological tools, time available, workload and the level of collaboration of patients/caregivers. Facilitating elements for communication in medication reconciliation included technologies, such as computerized medical history, protocolization of clinical sessions, the presence of case management nurse and interdisciplinary teamwork.

Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medication Reconciliation in Frail Elderly People at Hospital Discharge: Perception of Healthcare Professionals.

The current demographic panorama in Spain corresponds to an aging population; this situation is characterized by the need to care for an elderly population, which contains polymedicated and pluripathological individuals. Polymedication is a criterion of frailty in the elderly and a risk factor for mortality and morbidity due to the increased risk of drug interactions and medication errors. There are numerous studies that measure reconciliation at hospital discharge and at admission, and even the methodology of reconciliation, but we have not found many studies that measure reconciliation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of health professionals regarding difficulties and the strategies carried out, which is essential to begin to glimpse solutions. METHODS: This was a qualitative study based on 21 in-depth interviews and two discussion groups, conducted between January and April 2021 (13 nurses and 8 doctors, in rural and urban areas). The discourse was analyzed according to the Taylor-Bodgan model and processed using Atlas.ti software. RESULTS: The areas altered by the health crisis were access to patients, their reconciliation of medication, and changes in the care modality, including the greater use of telephone communication, changes in work organization, and time dedicated to patient care and family work. Difficulties encountered during COVID-19: change in medication format, the specific characteristics of the patient and their pathologies, and difficulties arising from communication with the patient and their family. The strategies applied: the collaboration of home assistants and caregivers, emphasis on patient-health professional communication, and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). CONCLUSION: The discharge was interrupted by the health crisis caused by COVID-19, in terms of both the traditional access of patients and by the remote care modalities generated by telemedicine.

Food as Culture among African Women: Exploring Differences between North and South (Morocco-Senegal).

The goal of this exploratory study was to analyze the influence of culture on African women's diet considering their role as primary caregivers. The analysis differentiated between Moroccan and Senegalese women and identified the key elements that influence their dietary habits and their health. Using a qualitative methodology, we performed a triangulation of data based on a literature review and a panel of experts, all of which served as the basis for the interview script to conduct 14 semi-structured interviews (n = 7 Moroccan and n = 7 Senegalese). This study reflects the substantial relationship between dietary habits, cultural identity, and health that healthcare providers need to acknowledge. It is important for healthcare practitioners to be culturally competent in order to provide holistic and individualized care.

Current Stereotypes Associated with Nursing and Nursing Professionals: An Integrative Review.

Nursing and nursing professionals are associated with social stereotypes, which may hinder the profession's development and future prospects as a scientific discipline. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the stereotypes associated with the nursing profession-students and professionals. Therefore, we carried out an integrative review. The search was conducted using PubMed, WOS, and CINAHL databases, and its search strategy was based on a combination of standardised keywords and natural vocabulary, with a temporal limit between 2016 and 2021. The data extraction and analysis was based on the conceptual framework developed by Whittemore and Knafl. Twenty-seven studies were included in the review, and their results were classified and coded. Two categories emerged, namely, stereotypes relating to the professionals' gender and stereotypes relating to the profession itself. We concluded that the nursing profession is viewed as female with low skills, social status, salary, academic level and entry requirements, and with little autonomy. Male nurses' professional competencies and masculinity are questioned, while the work carried out by female nurses is viewed as unprofessional. To reduce these stereotypes and bias we must present the nursing profession as a scientific discipline, developed by both men and women. Specific channels for this awareness-raising work include interventions from universities and the media, and participation in health policies.

Dietary Behaviours of University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Comparative Analysis of Nursing and Engineering Students.

The university stage is a crucial stage that influences the decision-making process of students. At this stage, they acquire dietary habits that are guided by their likes, beauty ideals, biological influences, and economic factors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, universities closed and turned to online teaching, changing their life habits under the duress of confinement. The aim of the present work was to identify the dietary behaviours of nursing and engineering degree students at the University of Huelva during the period of confinement, in addition to identifying the factors influencing these habits. The methodological strategy employed was mixed in nature. In this sense, a cross-sectional descriptive study was first performed, followed by a phenomenological qualitative study that was descriptive in nature. Examination of outcomes revealed the presence of four lines of argument founded on the influence of context, life habits, emotional changes experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the factors facilitating or limiting adaption to this period. Taking into account that confinement, restrictive measures, the absence of family, closeness and affection, and training influenced changes to feeding habits and approaches to consumption, universities could carry out interventions oriented in this line to favour healthy eating habits.

Digital Identities of Young People from the South of Spain: An Online Sexual Differentiation.

Through a mixed methodological approach, we want to know how adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years from the south of Spain express and identify themselves on social networks, with respect to their sex. As such differences can determine gender inequality, we will analyse differences between females and males regarding the expression of identity on social networks. Analysis of obtained results demonstrates that many relevant attributes still emerge such as the socio-cultural representation of gender as sex in social networks. Differences emerged between the identity expressions of females and males which can generate inequalities favouring females and males. This implies a series of repercussions and, ultimately, defines the so-called digital gender divide. Taking into account these results we could intervene in the population of children to carry out prevention activities focused on social networks.

[Approaching grief and death in family members of patients with COVID-19: Narrative review]. / Abordaje del duelo y de la muerte en familiares de pacientes con COVID-19: revisión narrativa.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to synthesize the possible evidence to establish recommendations on the approach of mourning and death in relatives of COVID-19 patients, as well as offering substitute resources for the necessary rituals and procedures in order to build up functional griefs and prevent complicated bereavements. METHOD: A bibliographic research was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIENCEDIRECT, WOS, CINAHL and CUIDEN databases, using MeSH terms, (family, patient, isolation hospitals, grief, death, ceremonial behavior, self-care, affects and social networks) with its corresponding boolean equation. The selected articles have been published in a critical reading through the Critical Assessment Skills Program in Spanish (CASPe). RESULTS: A total of 560 articles were initially found, after applying the selection criteria, 13 studies were included in the analysis, of which 8 were systematic reviews, 3 qualitative studies, 1 cross-sectional prospective pilot study and 1 clinical guide, which allowed identifying strategies for the approach grief and death attending to this moment of exceptionality covid19, influencing the competence management of health professionals in emotional support and accompaniment as well as the monitoring throughout the process, as well as in the communication with the family. CONCLUSION: In the final process of life in COVID-19's time, health professionals must work farewells, alternative funeral rites, spiritual care and early coping that will allow the prevention of complicated grief.

Attitudes of nursing degree students towards end of life processes. A cultural approach (Spain-Senegal).

INTRODUCTION: The concept of death is abstract, complex and has a number of meanings. Thus, its understanding and the approach taken to it depend, to a large extent, on aspects such as age, culture, training and religion. Nursing students have regular contact with the process of death and so it is of great interest to understand the attitudes they have towards it. As we live in a plural society it is even more interesting to not only understand the attitudes of Spanish students but, also, those of students coming from other countries. In the present article, we seek to identify and compare the attitudes held by nursing degree students at Hekima-Santé University (Senegal) and the University of Huelva (Spain) about end of life processes. The study identifies elements that condition attitudes and coping with death, whilst considering curricular differences with regards to specific end of life training. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional and multi-center study was conducted. The overall sample (N = 142) was divided into groups: Hekima-Santé University (Dakar, Senegal) and the University of Huelva (Huelva, Spain). The measurement instruments used were an ad-hoc questionnaire and Bugen´s Coping with Death Scale. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (p = 0.005, 95%CI) were found in relation to overall Bugen Scale scores. We can confirm that specialized end of life training (University of Huelva, Spain) did not lead to better coping when compared with a population whose academic curriculum did not provide specific training and who engaged in more religious practices (Hekima-Santé University, Senegal). CONCLUSIONS: In cultures where religion not only influences the spiritual dimension of the individual, but acts in the ethical and moral system and consequently in the economic, educational and family sphere, the accompaniment at the end of life transcends the formative plane. Considering the plural society in which we live, the training that integrates the Degree in Nursing with regard to the care of the final process, must be multidimensional in which spirituality and faith are integrated, working emotional and attentional skills, as well as cultural competence strategies in this process.

Educational interventions by nurses in caregivers with their elderly patients at home.

INTRODUCTION: The home is the natural setting for the development of informal care. The work that nurses are required to develop in this context (the carer/the elderly dependent/the home) focuses on training and educational activities to assist these two groups, such as demonstrating care activities to help dependent seniors, instruction in self-care techniques and teaching strategies for the use of human and material resources. AIMS: This article analyzes care education interventions performed by nurses, and the factors that facilitate, or limit, health care training. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH: This is a qualitative, descriptive study designed to be flexible and openly analytical in its approach to the research problem and the dynamic nature of the home environment. Triangulation of the methodological techniques and study subjects was applied. RESULTS: Nursing interventions related to professional attitudes, such as encouraging communication and facilitating teaching; communication interventions in health education and counseling; and technical interventions aimed at improving access to health information and support for the informal carer. Lack of will, the advanced age of the carer, emotional state and work overload are factors that undermine care instruction, which if reversed, would become learning facilitators. The lack of time and resources in the home are the major limiting factors on care teaching, according to nurses. Evidence from our study suggests that care in the home is considered a key primary health care strategy, one in which nurses play a significant role.

Abordaje del duelo y de la muerte en familiares de pacientes con COVID-19: revisión narrativa / Approaching grief and death in family members of patients with COVID-19: Narrative review

OBJETIVO: Realizar una síntesis de la evidencia disponible para establecer recomendaciones sobre el abordaje del duelo y la muerte en familiares de pacientes con COVID-19, así como ofrecer recursos sustitutivos de los rituales y procedimientos necesarios con el fin de favorecer duelos funcionales y prevenir duelos complicados. MÉTODO: Se realizó búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIENCEDIRECT, WOS, CINAHL y CUIDEN, utilizando términos MeSH (family, patient, isolation hospitals, grief, death, ceremonial behavior, self care, affects y social networking) con su ecuación booleana correspondiente. Los artículos seleccionados se sometieron a una lectura crítica a través del Critical Apraisal Skill Programme en español. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 560 artículos atingentes; tras aplicar los criterios de selección 13 estudios se incluyeron en el análisis, de los cuales 8 eran revisiones sistemáticas, 3 estudios cualitativos, un estudio piloto prospectivo transversal y una guía clínica, que permitieron identificar estrategias para el abordaje del duelo y la muerte atendiendo a este momento de excepcionalidad de la COVID-19, incidiendo en el manejo competencial de los profesionales sanitarios en apoyo emocional y en el acompañamiento, así como en el seguimiento durante todo el proceso y en la comunicación con la familia. CONCLUSIÓN. En el proceso final de la vida en tiempos de la COVID-19 los profesionales sanitarios deben trabajar despedidas, los ritos fúnebres alternativos, la atención espiritual y el afrontamiento precoz que permitirán a su vez la prevención del duelo complicado

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to synthesize the possible evidence to establish recommendations on the approach of mourning and death in relatives of COVID-19 patients, as well as offering substitute resources for the necessary rituals and procedures in order to build up functional griefs and prevent complicated bereavements. METHOD: A bibliographic research was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIENCEDIRECT, WOS, CINAHL and CUIDEN databases, using MeSH terms, (family, patient, isolation hospitals, grief, death, ceremonial behavior, self-care, affects and social networks) with its corresponding boolean equation. The selected articles have been published in a critical reading through the Critical Assessment Skills Program in Spanish (CASPe). RESULTS: A total of 560 articles were initially found, after applying the selection criteria, 13 studies were included in the analysis, of which 8 were systematic reviews, 3 qualitative studies, 1 cross-sectional prospective pilot study and 1 clinical guide, which allowed identifying strategies for the approach grief and death attending to this moment of exceptionality covid19, influencing the competence management of health professionals in emotional support and accompaniment as well as the monitoring throughout the process, as well as in the communication with the family. CONCLUSION: In the final process of life in COVID-19's time, health professionals must work farewells, alternative funeral rites, spiritual care and early coping that will allow the prevention of complicated grief