Epidemiology of mid-buccal gingival recessions according to the 2018 Classification System in South America: Results from two population-based studies.

AIM: The aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence, severity and extent of mid-buccal gingival recessions (GRs; classified according to the 2018 Classification System) and to identify their risk indicators in the South American population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiological data from two cross-sectional studies-performed on 1070 South American adolescents and 1456 Chilean adults-were obtained. All participants received a full-mouth periodontal examination by calibrated examiners. GR prevalence was defined as the presence of at least one mid-buccal GR ≥ 1 mm. GRs were also categorized into different recession types (RTs) according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System. Analyses for RT risk indicators were also performed. All analyses were carried out at the participant level. RESULTS: The prevalence of mid-buccal GRs was 14.1% in South American adolescents and 90.9% in Chilean adults. In South American adolescents, the prevalence of RTs was 4.3% for RT1 GRs, 10.7% for RT2 GRs and 1.7% for RT3 GRs. In Chilean adults, the prevalence of RT1 GRs was 0.3%, while the prevalence of RT2 and RT3 GRs was 85.8% and 77.4%, respectively. Full-Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS; <25%) was associated with the presence of RT1 GRs in adolescents. The risk indicators for RT2/RT3 GRs mainly overlapped with those for periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-buccal GRs affected 14.1% of South American adolescents, whereas they affected most of the Chilean adult population (>90%). While RT1 GRs are more commonly observed in a non-representative cohort of South American adolescents (when compared to Chilean adults), the majority of Chilean adults exhibit RT2/RT3 GRs.

Embryonic and larval development is conditioned by water temperature and maternal origin of eggs in the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) / El desarrollo embrionario y larvario está condicionado por la temperatura del agua y el origen materno de los huevos en el erizo de mar Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Introduction: Embryonic and larval development in sea urchins is highly dependent on maternal nutritional status and on the environmental conditions of the seawater. Objective: To compare the development of Arbacia dufresnii in two different water temperatures and in progeny with varying maternal origins. Methods: We induced A. dufresnii females and males from Nuevo Gulf to spawn, collected the eggs of each female individually (progeny), separated them into two seawater temperatures (12 and 17 °C), and fertilized them. We recorded the percentage of fertilized eggs and embryos per developmental stage according to time, temperature and progeny. We measured larval growth by total length (TL) and midline body length (M) according to time post fecundation (DPF), temperature, and progeny. Results: Temperature did not affect fertilization, but embryo development was faster and more synchronized in the high temperature treatment. The generalized linear models indicate that embryo development depends on a quadruple interaction between the embryonic stage, time (h), seawater temperature and progeny. Larval growth was faster, producing larger larvae at the highest temperature. Larval growth depends on a triple interaction between time (DPF), seawater temperature and progeny. Conclusions: We found a temperature and progeny impact during embryonic and larval development and, in both cases, these factors generate a synergistic effect on developmental timing and larval size. This probably provides a survival advantage as a more rapid speed of development implies a decrease in the time spent in the water column, where the sea urchins are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stressors.

Introducción: El desarrollo embrionario y larvario de los erizos de mar depende en gran medida del estado nutricional materno y de las condiciones ambientales del agua de mar. Objetivo: Comparar el desarrollo de Arbacia dufresnii en dos temperaturas de agua diferentes y en progenies con diferentes orígenes maternos. Métodos: Indujimos a las hembras y machos de A. dufresnii del Golfo Nuevo a desovar, recolectamos los huevos de cada hembra individualmente (progenie), los separamos en dos temperaturas de agua de mar (12 y 17 ° C) y los fertilizamos. Registramos el porcentaje de óvulos fecundados y el porcentaje de embriones por etapa de desarrollo según tiempo, temperatura y descendencia. Medimos el crecimiento larvario según la longitud total (TL) y la longitud corporal de la línea media (M) de acuerdo con el tiempo en días post fecundación, la temperatura y la progenie. Resultados: La temperatura no afectó la fertilización, pero el desarrollo del embrión fue más rápido y más sincronizado en el tratamiento de alta temperatura. Los modelos lineales generalizados indican que el desarrollo del embrión depende una interacción cuádruple entre el estadio embrionario, el tiempo (h), la temperatura del agua de mar y la progenie. El crecimiento larvario fue más rápido, produciendo larvas más grandes a la temperatura más alta. El crecimiento de las larvas depende de una triple interacción entre el tiempo (DPF), la temperatura del agua de mar y la progenie. Conclusiones: Encontramos un impacto en la temperatura y en la progenie durante el desarrollo embrionario y larvario y, en ambos casos, estos factores generaron un efecto sinérgico sobre el tiempo de desarrollo y el tamaño de las larvas. Esto probablemente proporciona una ventaja de supervivencia, ya que una velocidad de desarrollo más rápida implica una disminución en el tiempo que pasan en la columna de agua, donde los erizos de mar son vulnerables a los factores estresantes bióticos y abióticos.

Longitudinal and Immediate Effect of Kundalini Yoga on Salivary Levels of Cortisol and Activity of Alpha-Amylase and Its Effect on Perceived Stress.

CONTEXT: Stress is defined as an alteration of an organism's balance in response to a demand perceived from the environment. Diverse methods exist to evaluate physiological response. A noninvasive method is salivary measurement of cortisol and alpha-amylase. A growing body of evidence suggests that the regular practice of Yoga would be an effective treatment for stress. AIMS: To determine the Kundalini Yoga (KY) effect, immediate and after 3 months of regular practice, on the perception of psychological stress and the salivary levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase activity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: To determine the psychological perceived stress, levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase activity in saliva, and compare between the participants to KY classes performed for 3 months and a group that does not practice any type of yoga. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The total sample consisted of 26 people between 18 and 45-year-old; 13 taking part in KY classes given at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile and 13 controls. Salivary samples were collected, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify cortisol and kinetic reaction test was made to determine alpha-amylase activity. Perceived Stress Scale was applied at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was applied using Stata v11.1 software. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine data distribution. The paired analysis was fulfilled by t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. T-test or Mann-Whitney's test was applied to compare longitudinal data. A statistical significance was considered when P < 0.05. RESULTS: KY practice had an immediate effect on salivary cortisol. The activity of alpha-amylase did not show significant changes. A significant decrease of perceived stress in the study group was found. CONCLUSIONS: KY practice shows an immediate effect on salivary cortisol levels and on perceived stress after 3 months of practice.

Implementación y evaluación de un servicio de atención farmacéutica en la unidad de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en el Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes Cerda / Implementation and evaluation of a pharmaceutical care in palliative care and pain relief unit at Hospital Félix Bulnes Cerda

INTRODUCCIÓN: la atención farmacéutica se define como la provisión responsable e individualizada del tratamiento farmacológico, con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, lo que se puede lograr mediante la correcta utilización de los medicamentos, realizando un seguimiento farmacoterapéutico para prevenir o resolver problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM). se ha comprobado que la inclusión del químico farmacéutico dentro de los programas de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor han mejorado los resultados obtenidos con la farmacoterapia y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Implementar y evaluar un servicio de atención farmacéutica para pacientes de la uidad de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en el Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes Cerda. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó en 3 etapas: la primera de forma retrospectiva, se revisaron recetas de mayo a julio de 2015, provenientes de la unidad para obtener un estado situacional. en una segunda etapa se implementó el servicio de atención farmacéutica, basado en el método DADER. en una tercera etapa, se tipificaron las intervenciones totales realizadas y se evaluó tanto la adherencia al tratamiento como la satisfacción del servicio ofrecido a los pacientes y/o cuidadores. RESULTADOS: etapa I de 500 recetas se seleccionaron 244, detectando 165 (67,5%) con posibles PRMs, los cuales se resolvieron en un 35% con 58 intervenciones al equipo médico.etapa II se enrolaron 39 pacientes a quienes se les realizaron entrevistas sucesivas, se detectaron 53 PRMs, los que se resolvieron con 39 intervenciones.finalmente, se evaluó el servicio ofrecido: se tipificaron 111 intervenciones (84 a médico y 27 a paciente), se evaluó adherencia terapéutica mediante test SMAQ, mejorando en un 61,5% entre la evaluación inicial y una posterior (a los 3 meses) y la satisfacción usuaria del servicio con una encuesta obteniendo un 100% de satisfacción.CONCLUSIÓN: la complejidad del dolor y los tratamientos actuales para aliviarlo representan un gran desafío en los actuales equipos de cuidados paliativos. la integración y participación activa del Farmacéutico clínico en el proceso clínico-asistencial permitió garantizar la calidad y seguridad tanto del proceso de dispensación, interviniendo en la selección de la fármaco terapia de acuerdo a parámetros farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos que apunten a la optimización e individualización de la terapia; como además interviniendo al paciente o cuidador, entregando herramientas que logren un uso racional de los medicamento. como resultado de esto, se mejoró la adherencia al tratamiento, se entregó información sobre su correcta administración y también se realizó seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, que permitió prevenir problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM). estos resultados mostraron un alto grado de aceptación, tanto por parte del equipo médico como del paciente, avalando la importancia del farmacéutico.

INTRODUCTION: the pharmaceutical care is defined as responsible pharmacological treatment in order to improve the life quality of a patient. may be achieved using the right drug, and monitoring the side effect to prevent problem with the medical prescription. It has been proved that pharmacist inclusion in the therapy improve the health and welfare of these patients.OBJECTIVES: carry out and evaluate a pharmaceutical care in patient that need to be relieved at Félix Bulnes Hospital.method and equipment: it was realize in three steps, in the first one the prescriptions were audited in a retrospective way from march to july in the year 2015 in this unit to evaluate this period.In the second step: a pharmacological attention service using DADER method in the third step: OBJECTIVES AND METHOD were evaluated and tipified .the treatment progress and the patient satisfaction were also evaluated. RESULTS: from 500 prescription in the step one 244 were selected finding on 165 (67.5%) possibles PRMs .from that number (500) only 35% were solved with the help of medical auditory.In the second step, 39 patient were selected and interviewed finding 53 PRMs, these were solved with 39 interventions. finally, the service were evaluated: 111 intervention were tipified (84 to medical attention and 27 to the patient), therapeutical adherence were evaluated using SMAQ test improving 61,5 comparing the inicial evaluation with a posterior one (three month later). the satisfaction in the attention service using a survey were 100%. CONCLUSION: the pain and nowadays treatments complexity to relieve it are such a big challenge for current palliative care teams. the active integration and participation of clinical pharmacist in the clinical assistance process guarantees quality and security, not only on the dispensation process by intervening the pharmacotherapy selection according to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters that work on optimization and individualization therapy, but also by intervening the patient and assistant, by giving them necessary tools to get a rational drug use. as a result, the adherence to treatment was improved, information about the correct drug use was given and there was also a pharmacotherapy tracing that allowed to avoid any problems related to the drugs themselves. these results showed a higher acceptance degree either for patiens and professionals.

Causa de pérdida de dientes en la población adulta de 35-44 y de 65-74 años de edad, de la Región Metropolitana / Cause of teeth lossing in the adult population of 35-44 and of 65-74 years old of the Region Metropolitana

The aim of this study was to establish the principal cause of teeth lossing in the adult community aged between 35-44 and 65-74 in Santiago, Metropolitana Región. The clinical histories of the patients included in an investigation carried out in 8 communities of the Metropolitan Región, and in a private medical-dental center in the Tabancura and Ñuñoa communities were cheeked. The sample was of 1.096 individuals, with a total of 5.207 lossed teeth. Results: the 77,17 por ciento of the total extracted teeth were lost because of dental decay (p

Efectividad clormezanona y flunitrazepam en el tratamiento de niños de difícil manejo / Chlormezonone and flunitrazepan eficacy in the dental treatment with children of difficult handling

De un universo de 366 escolares del área urbana de Curacautín, IX Región, con edades que fluctúan entre los 3 y 5 años, se sesga una muestra de 46 niños utilizando una clasificación conductual, seleccionando así niños de difícil manejo. Se realiza una investigación de tipo doble ciego, utilizando una posología de las drogas: Clormezanona y Flunitrazepam, además de un placebo. La distribución de las dosis es de acuerdo al denominado tablero latino. Los resultados obtenidos indican que ambas drogas son efectivas, teniendo un éxito de un 90,6 por ciento con la Clormezanona y un 92,8 por ciento con el Flunitrazepam. Respecto al placebo, el éxito fue de 15 por ciento encontrándose un mayor porcentaje en la tercera medicación, posiblemente por una mejor predisposición psicológica del niño