ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el estado nutricional y la duración habitual de sueño en días de semana y fin de semana de escolares entre 6 a 15 años de la ciudad de Punta Arenas. Sujetos y métodos: Se obtuvo una muestra aleatoria simple de 481 escolares de 2 establecimientos educacionales (uno particular-subvencionado y uno municipalizado). Para diagnosticar el estado nutricional, se evaluó peso, talla y pliegue cutáneo tricipital. Para conocer la duración habitual del sueño se aplicó la versión española del Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire y los resultados se compararon con la recomendación entregada por la National Sleep Foundation. Resultados: El 60,4% de los escolares presentó malnutrición por exceso, durmiendo en promedio 8,70±1,07 horas los días de semana y 9,85±1,55 horas los fines de semana. Conclusión: Los escolares diagnosticados con obesidad fueron los que presentan un menor cumplimiento de la recomendación, sin embargo, no hubo diferencia significativa entre ambas variables.
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to study the nutritional status and the average number of sleep hours on weekdays and weekend among 6 to 15-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Punta Arenas, Chile. Subjects and methods: A simple random sample of 481 schoolchildren from two schools (one state-subsidized and one public) was obtained. To evaluate nutritional status, we measured weight, height and triceps skinfold. In order to determine usual sleep duration, the Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire was used and the results were compared with the recommendation given by the National Sleep Foundation. Results: 60.4% of schoolchildren showed malnutrition due to excess, slept on average 8.70±1.07 hours on weekdays and 9.85±1.55 hours on weekends. Conclusion: Obese children had less compliance with recommendations, however differences were not statistically significant.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep , Students , Nutritional Status , Education, Primary and Secondary , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , ObesityABSTRACT
El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de las lesiones de la mucosa oral en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. La muestra fue de 300 pacientes mayores de 20 años, examinados en el mismo hospital (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento). La prevalencia de las lesiones de la mucosa oral fue de 66 por ciento. Las lesiones más prevalentes fueron; gránulos de Fordyce (30 por ciento), candidiasis atrófica (14,33 por ciento), mácula melanótica (13,67 por ciento), várices orales (7,33 por ciento), pigmentación fisiológica (6 por ciento), nevos (4 por ciento), efélides (3,33 por ciento), úlceras traumáticas (4 por ciento), leucoplasia (3 por ciento) y queilitis angular (2,68 por ciento). Se encontró una relación directa entre el aumento de la edad y la presencia de candidiasis atrófica, úlceras traumáticas y várices, siendo esta asociación estadísticamente significativa. Podemos concluir que existe una alta prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral en la población adulta de la muestra y que la cantidad de estas lesiones se incrementan con la edad (candidiasis atrófica, úlceras traumáticas y várices orales), por lo que es necesario intensificar el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno de ellas.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions at the Hernan Henríquez Aravena Hospital in the city of Temuco Chile. Method: The sample consisted of 300 patients aged over 20 years, examined in the same hospital (confidence interval 95 percent). Results: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 66 percent. The most prevalent lesions were; Fordyce granules (30 percent), atrophic candidiasis (14.33 percent), oral melanotic macule (13.67 percent), oral mucosal varicosities (7.33 percent), physiological pigmentation (6 percent), nevus (4 percent), ephelis (3.33 percent), traumatic ulcers (4 percent), leukoplakia (3 percent) and angular cheilitis (2.68 percent). A direct ratio was found between increased age and the presence of atrophic candidiasis, traumatic ulcers and oral mucoral varicosities, this association being statistically significant. It may be concluded that there is a high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in the adult population of the sample and that the quantity of lesions increases with age (atrophic candidiasis, traumatic ulcers and mucosal varicosities), making it necessary to intensify their early diagnosis and timely treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Confidence Intervals , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age and Sex Distribution , Hospitals/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
El propósito del presente estudio fue cuantificar la frecuencia de auto-inspección y el conocimiento de los pacientes de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile acerca de la normalidad de la mucosa oral. La muestra estuvo constituida de 300 pacientes mayores de 20 años, examinados en el Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento). Para evaluar la frecuencia de autoinspección y el conocimiento se creó una encuesta con cinco preguntas dicotómicas sobre conocimientos de normalidad de mucosa oral y una pregunta de selección múltiple sobre frecuencia de auto inspección. Del total de la muestra, el 46,6 por ciento de la muestra expresó que no se examina durante el año; el 24,3 por ciento se examinaba entre una y dos veces al año y el 29,0 por ciento se examinaba tres o más veces al año. En un 52,6 por ciento no hubo concordancia entre lo referido por el paciente y la presencia o ausencia efectiva de lesión al ser examinados por el patólogo oral, y en un 47,3 por ciento hubo concordancia (kappa=0,096). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la necesidad de educar a la población en técnicas de autoexamen y salud oral, para aumentar el diagnóstico temprano de lesiones de la mucosa oral.
The purpose of the present study was to quantify the frequency of self-inspection by patients in the Araucania Region and their knowledge about the normal state of the oral mucosa. The sample consisted of 300 patients aged over 20 years, examined in the Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital in the city of Temuco (confidence interval95 percent). To evaluate the frequency of self-inspection and degree of knowledge a questionnaire was prepared with five yes/no questions about knowledge with respect to the normal state of the oral mucosa and one multiple choice question on the frequency of self-inspection. Of the total sample (n=300), 46.6 percent said that they never carried out self-inspection during the year; 24.3 percent carried out self-inspection once or twice per year and 29 percent three or more times. In 52.6 percent there was no concordance between the patient's answers and the actual presence or absence of lesions in examination by an oral pathologist, and in 47.3 percent there was a concordance (kappa=0.096). The results obtained demonstrate the need to educate the population in techniques of oral health and self-examination, to increase early diagnosis of lesions to the oral mucosa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Mouth Mucosa/injuries , Self-Examination , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Oral Health , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The major mechanism for NK cell lysis of tumor cells is granule-mediated cytotoxicity. Polarization of granules is a prelude to the release of their cytotoxic contents in response to target-cell binding. We describe the novel observation of constitutive granule polarization in the cytotoxic NK cell line, KHYG-1. Continuous degranulation of KHYG-1 cells, however, does not occur and still requires target-cell contact. Disruption of microtubules with colcemid is sufficient to disperse the granules in KHYG-1 and significantly decreases cytotoxicity. A similar effect is not obtained by inhibiting extracellular signal-related kinase 2 (ERK2), the most distal kinase investigated in the cytolytic pathway. Disruption of microtubules significantly down-regulates activation receptors, NKp44 and NKG2D, implicating them as potential microtubule-trafficking receptors. Such changes in upstream receptor expression may have caused deactivation of ERK2, since NKG2D cross-linking also leads to receptor down-regulation and diminished ERK phosphorylation. Thus, a functional role for NKG2D in KHYG-1 cytotoxicity is demonstrated. Moreover, the novel primed state may contribute to the high cytotoxicity exhibited by KHYG-1.
Subject(s)
Cytoplasmic Granules/immunology , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Cell Line , Cytoplasmic Granules/drug effects , Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism , Demecolcine/pharmacology , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Immunoblotting , Immunohistochemistry , Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism , Microscopy, Confocal , Microtubules/drug effects , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/drug effects , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism , NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K , Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2 , Protein Transport/drug effects , Protein Transport/physiology , Receptors, Immunologic/drug effects , Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism , Receptors, Natural Killer CellABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma is rarely curable. Advances in high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation have improved overall survival and event-free disease periods, but relapses are inevitable. AIM: To report our experience with AT in multiple myeloma, between 1994 and 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 20 patients (12 women), with a mean age of 51.1 years. VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) was used as initial therapy in 19 patients. High dose cyclophosphamide (11 patients) and variations of VAD regimen (7) associated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor were used for peripheral-blood stem cell harvest. The conditioning regimen consisted of melphalan 200 mg/m2 followed by the reinfusion of peripheral-blood stem cells 24 hours later. The median number of CD34 cells infused was 3.3x10(6)/kg. Three patients were subjected to a second auto graft and one to a non-myeloablative transplant. Mean follow up was 35.5 months. RESULTS: Mucositis and febrile neutropenia were common complications. The median number of days for neutrophil engraftment was 9 (range 8-11) and for platelets, 10 (range 7-13). No patient died. Complete remission was obtained in 60% (12/20), progression-free survival was 30 months and overall median survival, 47 months. CONCLUSIONS: The AT with high-dose melphalan is a safe procedure in our hospital, without mortality and engraftment in all the patients. Complete remission and progression free survival were similar to those reported abroad but the overall median survival was lower.
