ABSTRACT
Se describe un caso de posible resistencia al fenbendazol en una ternera Jersey infestada por Dictyocaulus viviparus. En el municipio de Entrerríos (Antioquia, Colombia), una hembra de la raza Jersey de 6 meses de edad, presentó un serio cuadro de bronco-neumonía, el cual no mejoró con la aplicación de fenbendazol y enrofloxacina como terapia de mantenimiento. En la necropsia, se observó un número elevado de parásitos vivos compatibles con Dictyocaulus viviparus, determinando una bronquitis verminosa. Este nematodo, el cual se trata rutinariamente con fenbendazol en las fincas lecheras colombianas, ha demostrado ser resistente frente algunos bencimidazoles; finalmente, se señalan las posibles causas de esta resistencia de Dictyocaulus viviparus en la ternera Jersey.
It describe the clinical case of a possible resistance to fenbendazole in a Jersey calf infested by Dictyocaulus viviparous described. In the municipality of Entrerrios (Antioquia, Colombia) a female Jersey breed of 6 months of age, presented serious sings of bronchopneumonia. which did not improve with the application of fenbendazole and enrofloxacin as maintenance therapy. At the necropsy, a large number of live parasites compatible with Dictyocaulus viviparus were observed, determining a verminous bronchitis. This nematode, which is routinely treated with fenbendazole in Colombian dairy farms, has been proved resistance when is trated with some benzimidazoles. This specific case shows the possible causes of the Dictyocaulus viviparus resistance in Jersey calf.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pectus excavatum is a frequent anomaly. It represents a challenge for adjuvant radiotherapy in the conservative treatment of breast cancer. Primary objective of this study is to compare dosimetric outcomes, normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), and integral dose using four radiation techniques. Secondary objective is to describe acute toxicity and setup errors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 57-year-old female patient with an inner quadrant, left breast, ductal carcinoma in situ, was identified. Whole breast was prescribed with 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Boost planning target volume (PTV) was prescribed with 60 Gy in 30 fractions for sequential boost (SB) plans or 57.5 Gy in 25 fractions in the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) plan. All plans were normalized to deliver 47.5 Gy to 95 % of the breast PTV. Daily image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) was performed. Setup deviations were described. RESULTS: Constraints were not accomplished for heart when using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) + SB or conformal radiotherapy with three photon fields and SB. Left lung constraint was not achieved by any of the techniques in comparison. IMRT + SIB and conformal photons and electrons + SB plan were closer to the objective. Integral doses were lower with IMRT for heart and ipsilateral lung; however, it were higher for contralateral breast and lung. Coverage and tumoral conformity indexes were similar for all techniques in comparison. Greater inhomogeneity was observed with the photons and electrons + SB. IMRT + SIB treatment was administered daily with grade I skin toxicity. The highest setup error was observed in Y direction. CONCLUSION: Planning target volume coverage was similar with the four techniques. Homogeneity was superior with both IMRT plans. A good balance between dose constraints for organs at risk, PTV coverage, homogeneity, and NTCP was observed with IMRT + SIB. The documented daily setup error justifies the use of online IGRT (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/geneticsABSTRACT
The arterial supply of the thumb was studied in 50 cadaver hands. In 80% the princeps pollicis artery was the first palmar metacarpal artery, a major branch of the deep radial arch. In 50% of the specimens the princeps pollicis artery also supplied the proper radial digital artery to the index finger. Variations of the thumb arterial patterns were present in 25%. In 75% there was a single end-arterial blood supply to the thumb. The anatomic findings are correlated with problems of radial artery injections, thrombosis, and surgical injury to illustrate the clinical importance of the princeps pollicis artery.
Subject(s)
Arteries/anatomy & histology , Thumb/blood supply , Adult , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/etiology , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/surgery , Cadaver , Dissection , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Thromboembolism/etiology , Thromboembolism/surgery , Thumb/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
UO22+ 1.3 mM added as UO2(NO3)2 to the mucosal solution consistently inhibited the P.D. and ISC evoked by 11 mM glucose and 35 mM 3-O-methyl glucose across isolated strips of bullfrog small intestine bathed by symmetrical Ringer solutions in which SO42- was the major anion. The average degree of inhibition in the presence of glucose was 42 +/- 7(SEM) percent. P.D. and ISC in the absence of transported solutes were not significatnly altered by mucosal UO22+ at this concentration. Increasing the mucosal UO22+ concentration to 2.6 mM did not significantly increase its inhibitory action on glucose-evoked P.D. and ISC. Further increasing the UO22+ concentration to 13 mM completely inhibited glucose-induced P.D. and ISC but also markedly reduced these parameters in the absence of glucose. Serosal UO22+ (1.3mM) had no effect on the P.D. and ISC evoked by glucose and 3-O-methyl glucose. It is suggested that the inhibitory action of UO22+ involves binding of this ion to anionic sites located in the apical membrane of the absorptive cells. Mucosal or serosal UO22+ (1.3 mM) had no effect on the P.D. and ISC elicited by 20 mM valine, indicating that under the conditions of these experiments UO22+ selectively inhibits sugar-induced P.D. and ISC and, by implication mucosal sugar uptake.
