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Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 25(1): 36-39, ene. 2005. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-036819

ABSTRACT

La deficiencia sintomática de zinc en prematuros alimentados con lactancia materna exclusiva es un trastorno adquirido cuyas manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser similares a las de la acrodermatitis enteropática (AE) hereditaria. Los síntomas remiten tras la administración de suplementos orales de zinc. Caso clínico: lactante, varón, de 4 meses de edad, con antecedentes de prematuridad, que fue alimentado durante 8 días con nutrición parenteral en el periodo neonatal y posteriormente con lactancia materna exclusiva. A los 2 meses de vida presentó diarrea persistente, vómitos y lesiones cutáneas eczematosas, de predominio acro y periorificial. Los exámenes complementarios revelaron bajos niveles de zinc en el suero del lactante (3µmol/l) y en leche materna (8µmol/l), con niveles normales de zinc en suero materno (17µmol/l). Se efectuó tratamiento con sulfato de zinc oral (2mg/Kg), remitiendo los síntomas sin recidivas posteriores. Conclusión: El reconocimiento de la deficiencia sintomática de zinc en prematuros hijos de madre con leche deficitaria en zinc es importante, ya que el tratamiento es eficaz y definitivo. La nutrición parenteral sin suplementos de zinc puede agravar el déficit. En los lactantes de riesgo es recomendable determinar niveles séricos de zinc


Symptomatic zinc deficiency in breast-fed infants is a severe disorder, caused by a low level of zinc in mother’s milk. Premature infants are more vulnerable to develop zinc deficiency than full-term infants. The clinical symptoms resemble those of hereditary acrodermatitis enterophatica (AE). In acquired zinc deficiencies the disorder is transient and patients respond well to oral zinc supplements. Clinical case: A 4 month-old exclusively breast-fed premature infant presented with persistent diarrhea, vomiting and eczematoid skin lesions, with acral and peri-orificial dermatitis resembling AE. The symptoms began at 2 months of age. She received parenteral nutrition for the first eight days followed by mother’s milk exclusively. Laboratory investigations revealed lowered zinc levels in the infant’s serum (3µmol/l) and in her mother’s milk (8µmol/l), with normal level of zinc in the mother’s serum (17µmol/l). Healing was rapid after oral zinc supplementation (zinc sulphate 2mg/Kg), with complete remission of the symptoms. Conclusions: Recognition of zinc deficiency in premature newborns to mothers who seem to secrete milk that is zinc- deficiency is essential because its treatment is effective. This may lead to severe symptomatic zinc deficiency in premature infants, requiring treatment with oral zinc supplement. Parenteral nutrition without zinc supplements may be a contributory factor to zinc deficiency in preterm infants. Serum zinc levels should be checked in at-risk babies


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Humans , Zinc/deficiency , Breast Feeding , Acrodermatitis/physiopathology , Infant, Premature/metabolism , Zinc Sulfate/administration & dosage , Milk, Human/chemistry
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