[Efficacy of lycopene intake in primary prevention of prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.] / Eficacia del consumo de licopenos en la prevenciín primaria de cáncer de próstata: una revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta­análisis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of lycopene intake in primary prevention of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in March 2015 and the articles published between the years 1990-2015 were reviewed. The following search terms were used: prostate cancer, prostatic neoplasm, lycopene, prevention, effectiveness and efficacy (MeSH). Publications including research in humans, written in English and whose texts were accessible were reviewed. The types of studies included were: clinical trials, cohort and case-control studies. We found 343 articles; of these, 27 were included in the systematic review. After the latter were rigorously analyzed, 23 were included in the meta-analysis using the pooled odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR) of case-control and cohort studies, respectively, and their confidence intervals (95% CI), using random-effects models with Review Manager 5.2. RESULTS: Out of the 27 articles included in the systematic review, 22 were case-control and 5 were cohort studies. For the case-control studies, the total number of patients with PCa was 13,999 and the total number of controls 22,028. Cohort studies included 187,417 patients and PCa was diagnosed in 8,619 of these. The metaanalysis determined an OR = 0.94 (IC 95% 0.89-1.00) and RR = 0.9 (IC 95% 0.85-0.95) of PCa related with lycopene and/or raw or cooked tomatoes intake. CONCLUSIONS: Although our study found that there is a statistically significant inverse association between lycopene intake and PCa, the magnitude of this association is weak and comes solely from observational studies, which do not allow recommending its use as a standard of practice. High-quality randomized clinical trials are required to clarify current evidence.

Eficacia del consumo de licopenos en la prevención primaria de cáncer de próstata: una revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta-análisis / Efficacy of lycopene intake in primary prevention of prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del consumo de licopenos en la prevención primaria de CaP. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en marzo de 2015 y se revisaron artículos publicados entre 1990-2015. Se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda: prostate cancer, prostatic neoplasm, lycopene, prevention, efficacy and effectiveness (MeSH). Se revisaron artículos de investigación en humanos, en inglés y cuyo texto completo fuera accesible. Los tipos de estudio fueron: ensayos clínicos, cohortes y casos y controles. Se encontraron 343 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 27 en la revisión sistemática. Después de que estos últimos fueron analizados en profundidad, se incluyeron 23 en el meta-análisis agrupando las razones de probabilidad (OR) y riesgos relativos (RR) de estudios de casos y controles y cohortes, respectivamente, y sus intervalos de confianza (IC 95%), utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios con Review Manager 5.2. Resultados: De los 27 artículos incluidos en la revisión sistemática, 22 fueron de casos y controles y 5 de cohortes. Para los estudios de casos y controles, el total de pacientes con CaP involucrados fue de 13.999; el total de controles fue 22.028. Los estudios de cohortes contaron con un total de 187.417 participantes y se diagnosticó CaP en 8.619 de estos. El meta-análisis determinó una razón de probabilidad (OR) de CaP de 0,94 (IC 95% 0,89-1,00) y riesgo relativo (RR) de 0,90 (0,85-0,95) en relación al consumo de licopenos y/o tomates crudos o cocidos. Conclusiones: Aunque nuestro estudio encontró que existe una asociación inversa estadísticamente significativa entre la ingesta de licopenos y CaP, la magnitud de esta asociación es débil y proviene de estudios observacionales únicamente, lo cual no permite recomendar su uso como estándar de práctica clínica. Se requieren ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de alta calidad que permitan esclarecer la evidencia actual (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of lycopene intake in primary prevention of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in March 2015 and the articles published between the years 1990-2015 were reviewed. The following search terms were used: prostate cancer, prostatic neoplasm, lycopene, prevention, effectiveness and efficacy (MeSH). Publications including research in humans, written in English and whose texts were accessible were reviewed. The types of studies included were: clinical trials, cohort and case-control studies. We found 343 articles; of these, 27 were included in the systematic review. After the latter were rigorously analyzed, 23 were included in the meta-analysis using the pooled odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR) of case-control and cohort studies, respectively, and their confidence intervals (95% CI), using random-effects models with Review Manager 5.2. Results: Out of the 27 articles included in the systematic review, 22 were case-control and 5 were cohort studies. For the case-control studies, the total number of patients with PCa was 13,999 and the total number of controls 22,028. Cohort studies included 187,417 patients and PCa was diagnosed in 8,619 of these. The metaanalysis determined an OR = 0.94 (IC 95% 0.89-1.00) and RR = 0.9 (IC 95% 0.85-0.95) of PCa related with lycopene and/or raw or cooked tomatoes intake. Conclusions: Although our study found that there is a statistically significant inverse association between lycopene intake and PCa, the magnitude of this association is weak and comes solely from observational studies, which do not allow recommending its use as a standard of practice. High-quality randomized clinical trials are required to clarify current evidence (AU)